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1.
Stratospheric ozone (O3) depletion has led to increased terrestrial ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation (290–320 nm). Leaves exposed to this radiation produce UV‐absorbing compounds in the epidermal cells, which protect plants from UV‐B damage. To determine the role of UV‐absorbing compounds in the UV‐B sensitivity of weeds (common chickweed (Stellaria media), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), green smartweed (Polygonum scabrum), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), spotted cat’s‐ear (Hypochoeris radicata), and stork’s‐bill (Erodium cicutarium)) seedlings were exposed to 0, 4 (field ambient), 7 (18% O3 depletion) and 11 (37% O3 depletion) kJ m?2 d?1 of biologically effective UV‐B radiation in a greenhouse. Ultraviolet‐absorbing compounds were extracted from the second true‐leaf (0.5 cm2 samples) with methanol : distilled water : HCl (79 : 20 : 1) in an 85°C water bath for 15 min, and the absorbance of the extracts measured at 300 nm. The shoot dry biomass was recorded to determine the susceptibility to UV‐B radiation. Common chickweed was the most sensitive and green smartweed the least sensitive weed to UV‐B radiation. The latter accumulated more UV‐absorbing compounds and this accumulation occurred earlier compared with common chickweed. As UV‐BBE radiation levels increased from 0 to 11 kJ m?2 d?1, the green smartweed shoot biomass did not decline. However, the biomass of all five susceptible species declined despite an increase in the UV‐absorbing compounds in response to increased UV‐B radiation. Therefore, formation of a ‘UV‐screen’ in these species is not sufficient to fully prevent UV‐B damage. When the concentration of UV‐absorbing compounds in the six species was plotted against their susceptibility to UV‐B radiation, no relationship was observed. Thus, while the accumulation of UV‐absorbing compounds may be a major factor in the protection of certain species against UV‐B radiation and may offer some degree of defence in other species, it does not explain UV‐B susceptibility differences in weedy species in general. 相似文献
2.
比较传统高温热杀菌、蒸汽浸入式杀菌、膜过滤结合巴氏杀菌对延长货架期牛乳品质的影响,测定不同热处理工艺对微生物指标、货架期、活性物质乳铁蛋白和免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)损失率及糠氨酸含量的影响,并优化蒸汽浸入式杀菌、膜过滤结合巴氏杀菌的工艺参数。结果表明:与传统高温杀菌工艺比较,蒸汽浸入式杀菌(147℃、0.09 s)产品货架期更长,品质更稳定,杀菌后糠氨酸含量较低且保留少量的活性物质;膜过滤结合72℃、15 s杀菌能更好地保留活性物质乳铁蛋白和IgG,但是该工艺对贮藏温度要求较高,全程贮藏温度需低于6℃,才能够确保产品在货架期内的品质稳定。 相似文献
3.
茶用菊花具有重要的营养价值及保健价值。从黄酮类、挥发油、有机酸类、氨基酸、多糖类、微量元素及其他方面对茶用菊花的功能性有效成分进行分析;对其具有的保护心血管、抗肿瘤、调血脂、保护肝脏、镇痛、抗菌消炎、抗衰老等功效进行研究,以期为茶用菊花化学和药理的作用机制研究以及下一步的功能产品开发提供思路。 相似文献
4.
采用人工紫外线辐射(UV-B)增强处理多年生牧草品种冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila Keng).、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb).和中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis Keng)种子,测定其发芽率、苗长、胚根/胚芽比值,以研究UV-B辐射对牧草种子萌发及出苗的影响。结果表明:紫外线增加0.50 W.m2时,对三种牧草种子的发芽率、苗长和胚根/胚芽的影响均不明显;增加1.00 W.m2时,对三种牧草种子的发芽率有影响但均不显著;对3种牧草种子的苗长和胚根/胚芽的影响显著;增加1.25 W.m2时,3种牧草中的发芽率差异不显著,而幼苗和胚根/胚芽值差异均显著。3种牧草的影响程度由大到小依次为:中华羊茅、垂穗披碱草、冷地早熟禾,说明增加UV-B辐射不会影响到高寒草地上主要禾草的种子萌发。 相似文献
5.
6.
天山中段雪岭云杉林区辐射特征分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用天山中段雪岭云杉林区全年辐射观测资料,分析了云杉林区辐射平衡各分量的年、季节和日变化特征。结果表明:林区辐射平衡各分量呈现出明显的年变化和日变化特征。6-8月的向下短波辐射高于其他月份,12月份出现最小值。向下、向上长波辐射和净辐射通量的变化趋势与之相同,10月开始逐渐减小,最小值出现在12月,3月开始缓慢增加,至... 相似文献
7.
8.
针对我国内陆干旱区人工草地生产管理粗放及气候资源利用不充分等问题,探究合理的牧草种植与水氮供应模式,以充分挖掘区域牧草的生产潜力。采用3 a生(2018年播种)紫花苜蓿(简称‘苜蓿’)和无芒雀麦,分析种植模式(苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播,D1;无芒雀麦单播,D2)、施氮量(低氮量N1:60 kg·hm-2;高氮量N2:120 kg·hm-2)和灌水量(以灌水下限占田间持水量θf的百分比计,分枝期均充分灌水(75%~85%θf),现蕾和初花期轻度亏水W1:65%~75%θf、中度亏水W2:55%~65%θf、重度亏水W3:45%~55%θf,灌水上限均为85%θf)对牧草叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质累积量、累积截获光合有效辐射量(CIPAR)、辐射利用效率(RUE)、产量(Y)、耗水量(ETa)、水分利用效率(WUE)和氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)的影响。结果表明:(1)牧草LAI和... 相似文献
9.
A complication probability planning study to predict the safety of a new protocol for intracranial tumour radiotherapy in dogs 下载免费PDF全文
C. Rohrer Bley V. Meier P. Schwarz M. Roos J. Besserer 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(4):1295-1308
Technical advances make it possible to deliver radiation therapy for canine intracranial tumours in fewer fractions, under the assumption of equivalent tumour control. With the aim of estimating the late toxicity risk profile for various tumour sizes and locations, the present paper evaluates the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) values for the intracranial organs at risk. By making isoeffect calculations, a new 10‐fraction radiation protocol was developed with the same tumour control probability (TCP) as a currently used 20‐fraction standard protocol, and complication risk profiles for brain, brainstem and optic chiasm were modelled using a representative population of 64 dogs with brain tumours. For >59% of cases, the new 10‐fraction protocol yielded an acceptable, low risk estimate of late toxicity (<10%). Our calculations suggest that it may be safe to treat small to intermediate‐sized tumours that are neither located near the optic chiasm nor at the brainstem with 10 daily fractions of 4.35 Gy. 相似文献
10.
FEASIBILITY FOR USING HYPOFRACTIONATED STEREOTACTIC VOLUMETRIC MODULATED ARC RADIOTHERAPY (VMAT) WITH ADAPTIVE PLANNING FOR TREATMENT OF THYMOMA IN RABBITS: 15 CASES 下载免费PDF全文
Mario Dolera Luca Malfassi Giovanni Mazza Gaetano Urso Massimo Sala Silvia Marcarini Nancy Carrara Simone Pavesi Sara Finesso Michael S. Kent 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2016,57(3):313-320
Thymoma is a relatively common tumor in rabbits. Treatment with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy alone or in combination has been reported with varying outcomes. Stereotactic volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy delivered in a hypofractionated manner allows high doses of radiation to be delivered to the target volume while allowing sparing of adjacent critical structures. This therapy is ideally suited for thymomas in rabbits given their size, the difficulty of multiple anesthesia episodes and the complexity of the radiotherapy plans required due to the tumor's proximity to the heart, lungs, and mediastinal structures. Fifteen rabbits with thymoma were prospectively recruited for this observational, single institution, single arm clinical study. All rabbits were imaged with both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total dose of 40 Gy in six fractions was delivered using a single arc over an 11‐day period with repeat CT simulation done every other fraction for adaptive planning. Follow‐up evaluation was done through repeat CT and MRI imaging and revealed complete responses using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. Two rabbits had died at 618 and 718 days, 10 were alive and three were lost to follow‐up. Observed acute and late effects were graded according to the Veterinary Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (VRTOG) criteria and were found to be minimal. 相似文献