双孢蘑菇担子与担孢子形态发育显微观测

利用光学显微镜、共聚焦显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)担子(basidia)、担孢子(basidiospores)在不同发育阶段的微观形态特征。担子呈近圆柱体紧密簇状生长,不同发育时期菌褶中不同类型担子的比例并非持续不变,且发育早期(孢子梗形成前)的担子顶部有膜状物(即担子顶膜,Apical Membrance of Basidia,AMB)。担子发育过程中两个细胞核在担子中部融合,融合的单细胞核向担子顶部迁移并发生减数分裂,最终在担子顶部形成4个单倍体核,第二次分裂有时存在不同步性,使担子头部出现3核现象,减数分裂后的4个单倍体核最终平均地移入担孢子中。担孢子壁为两层,担孢子内呈现大小不均的脂滴状物质。     

hCG促进马属动物排卵的研究进展

马属动物属季节性单胎动物,从母马或母驴出现发情表现到排卵,持续3~13 d不等,该生理特征极大地影响其繁殖效率。hCG作为LH类似物不会受性激素反馈调节机制的制约,广泛应用于马属动物卵泡发育和排卵。从性激素在哺乳动物卵泡发育过程中的作用、马属动物主卵泡波与LH诱导的优势卵泡排卵、外源性激素对马属动物卵泡发育的影响、hCG的结构与功能、hCG在延长母马黄体期的应用和hCG在马属动物超数排卵中的应用6个方面内容阐述hCG促进马属动物排卵的研究进展。     

Evaluation of some acute phase proteins in cattle naturally infected with Babesia bigemina

Bovine babesiosis due to Babesia bigemina infection induces systemic inflammation, evidenced by increased sialic acid (SA) levels and declined cholinesterase activity. The current study was undertaken to assess further indicators of the systemic inflammation in the naturally infected cattle. To this end, serum levels of some selected acute phase-proteins (APPs) including serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and fibrinogen were measured. Additionally, sensitivity and specificity of the APPs were calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve. The correlation among APPs, SA and cholinesterase activity were also assessed. Our previous blood specimens were used to measure APPs. Briefly, the diseased animals were divided into two groups according to the parasitemia: 12 mildly (20 % <) and 8 severely (20 %>) infected animals. Moreover, 10 healthy animals as the control were included. The levels of all APPs were measured to be significantly elevated in a parasitemia burden-dependent fashion as compared to the control. Furthermore, all the APPs showed 100 % specificity, but only SAA and Cp had 100 % sensitivity. A strong and positive correlation was calculated between the APPs and SA; however, cholinesterase activity was inversely correlated with AAPs and SA. In conclusion, inflammatory reactions play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of bovine babesiosis and APPs can be considered as the potential indicators of inflammation.     

固相合成MnO_2纳米棒的电容性能及其PbO改性研究

本文采用表面活性剂(PEG-400)辅助固相氧化法制备了二氧化锰纳米棒。借助X-射线衍射测试(XRD)、红外光谱测试(FT-IR)和透射电镜(TEM)等对产物晶型结构、形貌大小等进行了分析。测试结果表明所得样品为α-MnO2,其平均直径为10～15nm左右,平均长度在100～150nm左右。通过循环伏安法和恒流充放电测试探讨了所得MnO2纳米棒的超级电容器性能,试验结果表明:电流为2.0mA时,所得电极的初始放电比容量为88F/g。掺杂2%PbO的改性MnO2具有更好的电容性能,当充放电电流为2.0mA时,该改性MnO2的放电比容量为109F/g,比改性前提高了约24%。     

Acute phase response and clinical manifestation in outbreaks of interdigital phlegmon in dairy herds

Several Finnish dairy herds have suffered from outbreaks of interdigital phlegmon (IP). In these new types of outbreaks, morbidity was high and clinical signs severe, resulting in substantial economic losses for affected farms. In our study, we visited 18 free stall dairy herds experiencing an outbreak of IP and 3 control herds without a similar outbreak. From a total of 203 sampled cows, 60 suffered from acute stage IP. We demonstrated that acute phase response of bovine IP was evident and therefore an appropriate analgesic should be administered in the treatment of affected animals. The response was most apparent in herds with high morbidity in IP and with a bacterial infection comprising Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus, indicating that combination of these two bacterial species affect the severity of the disease.     

不同世代法国莱茵鹅育成期限饲效果分析

观察引种莱茵鹅育成期限饲情况,发现莱茵鹅限饲反应强烈,尤其是公鹅体重随着精饲料的增减波动明显,引进鹅种的限饲比我国鹅种限饲要求时间长,并且难度大,我国尚无此方面的成功经验,因此在限饲期鹅的体重上下波动,与标准累积生长曲线不能完全吻合。本文旨在总结引进鹅种培育经验,为鹅的引种推广积累资料。     

血液中感染性炎症标志物研究进展

急性时相蛋白APP是与感染性炎症紧密相关的一类特异性蛋白。近年来,大量的研究表明,CRP、SAA、PCT、HP、AAG、CER、Eg、PA、leptin、ALB、P-FN等多种正负性急性期蛋白与感染性炎症均具有显著的相关性,且比检测体细胞、血沉、酶活性与含量变化等方法更加准确和可靠,可作为感染性炎症的炎症标志物。     

3S技术在许昌秸秆禁烧工作中的应用

作物秸秆禁烧是地方政府管理的难题之一。通过应用“3S”技术,即RS在高温热源像点的发现与探测、GIS用于辅助确定高温热源像点的定性和统计制图、GPS用于火点的精确定位。3S技术对夏季秸秆焚烧进行动态监测与监控,可以科学、准确地了解秸秆焚烧动态变化情况,提高预警能力和监督检查的效率,为交通和航运部门提供由于烟雾对高速公路和机场等造成的影响程度与范围,减少由此引发的安全隐患、环保污染、节能减排具有重要意义。     

PCV2感染仔猪急性期蛋白的变化

【目的】探讨实验性感染PCV2仔猪血清中急性期蛋白浓度和肝脏急性期蛋白表达的变化,为PCV2的致病机制和诊断提供有价值的资料。【方法】19头ELISA检测PCV2抗体阴性的5周龄健康断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组和攻毒组,在攻毒后不同时间采集血液和肝脏。用ELISA方法检测血清中APPs的动态变化,荧光定量RT-PCR测定肝脏中APPsmRNA表达,同时观察肝脏的组织病理学变化。【结果】仔猪接种PCV2后,肝脏出现实质细胞变性,结缔组织增生和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润为特征的病理学损伤;血清中,猪主要急性期蛋白(Pig-MAP)在攻毒后7d达到峰值,在7和10d显著高于对照组(P0.05);血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)在攻毒后7d和21d显著高于对照组(P0.05);血清载脂蛋白AⅠ(Apo-AⅠ)攻毒后21d显著高于对照组(P0.05),其余时间差异均不显著;PCV2感染后21d仔猪肝脏中结合珠蛋白(HP)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、α1-酸性糖蛋白(AGP)和SAAmRNA的表达呈现升高的趋势。【结论】PCV2感染可引起仔猪肝脏出现以实质细胞变性坏死和结缔组织增生为特征的病理学变化,血清APPs浓度和肝脏APPsmRNA表达呈现不同的变化,其中Pig-MAP可以作为病程发展的重要检测指标,对监测PCV2感染、疾病的预后起重要作用。     

金黄壳囊孢菌rDNA ITS序列测定及生理学特性

通过在实验室内培养杨树烂皮病菌金黄壳囊孢菌菌株CC1,确定了其孢子萌发有一定的物候期,产孢规律与自然条件下杨树烂皮病的发病季节一致,其菌丝生长不随季节的变化而变化。菌株CC1的生长最适温度30℃,最适pH值为5～6,最适碳氮源分别是葡萄糖和蛋白胨。最适培养基配方:马铃薯200g,蔗糖20g,酵母膏2g,蛋白胨2g,硫酸镁0.5g,磷酸二氢钾1.5g,维生素B1100mg,琼脂20g,水1000mL。对菌株CC1进行ITS序列的测定,结果显示菌株的ITS序列长度为907bp,GenBank登录号为EF101159,从分子生物学的角度确认了试验菌株CC1为Cytospora chrysosperma。