两株气单胞菌的分离与鉴定

从福建省某牛蛙养殖场病死牛蛙和某鸭场病死鸭体内分离到两株细菌，检验结果表明，两株分离菌均为有运动力的革兰氏阴性杆菌。根据其临床症状、细菌培养特性、生化特性、动物回归试验以及溶血试验等一系列试验，研究证明牛蛙感染的病原为嗜水气单胞菌，鸭感染的病原为温和气单胞菌。     

荔枝霜疫霉中双组分信号转导系统的鉴定与表达分析

 荔枝霜疫霉(Peronophythora litchii)隶属于茸鞭生物界卵菌门疫霉属,由其引起的荔枝霜疫病是目前荔枝生产上一种最重要的病害,严重影响荔枝产量和鲜果品质。双组分信号途径在微生物中参与多种生命活动,但是在卵菌中尚未有相关研究。本研究通过生物信息学分析在荔枝霜疫霉中鉴定到2个杂合型组氨酸激酶(PlHK1、PlHK2)和1个响应调控蛋白(PlRR1)。其在卵菌中是保守存在的,并且与真菌在进化上相对独立。功能域分析表明,PlHK1和PlHK2的C端额外的融合了1个磷酸转移功能域(Hpt),这与真菌和植物的存在显著差异。转录分析表明3个基因在荔枝霜疫霉侵染阶段上调表达,并且响应渗透胁迫和氧化胁迫。以上结果揭示了双组分信号系统可能在疫霉致病过程中发挥重要作用。     

Appearance of race Pfs:5 of spinach downy mildew fungus, Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae, in Japan

The races for the causal agent of spinach downy mildew Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae were identified by inoculation of race-differential cultivars. One isolate was identified as Pfs:5s and the others belonged to a new race. This is the first report of race Pfs:5 and another new race in Japan.     

Isolation,Identification and Biological Characteristics of Staphylococcus chromogenes from Tibetan Pigs

In order to understand the infection of Staphylococcus disease in healthy Tibetan pigs in Linzhi city,Tibet.232 samples were collected from the slaughterhouse in Bahe town,Gongbujiangda county,Linzhi city,Tibet,the teaching practice ranch at the Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University in Bayi district,Linzhi city,and the slaughterhouse in Bayi district,Linzhi city.These samples were isolated,cultured and identified,and one isolated strain was systematically studied for biological characteristics.Epidemiological survey results showed that 73 of 232 samples were positive for Staphylococcus,the positive rate was 31.47%,16 positive samples were detected in the slaughterhouse of Bahe town,Gongbujiangda county,Linzhi,Tibet,with a detection rate of 23.89%(16/67),43 positive samples were detected in the pastures of the teaching practice ranch at the Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University in Bayi district,Linzhi city,with a detection rate of 34.40% (43/125),14 positive samples were detected in the slanghterhouse in Bayi district,Linzhi city,with a detection rate of 35.00% (14/40).Through PCR identification,gene sequencing and biochemical identification,5 strains of Staphylococcus chromogenes were isolated,and one of them (Sa LZ1) was studied systematically.The biological characteristics of the isolated strains showed that the Sa LZ1 strain formed round white convex colonies on the agar medium,with regular edges,smooth surfaces,and opaque white colonies.The isolates were Gram-positive cocci bacteria.PCR sequencing results showed that the isolate had the highest homology with Staphylococcus chromogenes (GenBank accession No.:MG576253.1),positive for serum inulin,manicol,glucose,saccharose,lactose,negative for arabinose,sodium hippurate,raffinose,xylose,urea,etc,consistent with the biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus chromogenes.The logarithmic growth period of isolated bacteria was 5 to 10 h.The pathogenicity test of mice showed that the mortality rate of mice reached 100% when the concentration of Sa LZ1 strain reached 3.5×10⁹ CFU/mL.And the results of pathological section showed that Sa LZ1 strain could cause the visceral tissue of mice to develop pathological changes.The above results provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of Staphylococcus suis in Linzhi,Tibet.     

鸭副黏病毒的分离与鉴定

从广东省某鸭场的病死番鸭肝脏中分离一株病毒,该病毒对雏鸭、种鸭、蛋鸭均可引起发病。接种鸭胚传至第6代时病毒对鸡红细胞的血凝性稳定,通常在72h开始致死非免疫鸭胚,死亡率为80%。经磷钨酸负染电镜观察,病毒粒子多呈现椭圆形,长轴为167～264nm,短轴为131～139nm,病毒外表有囊膜,囊膜外层有排列整齐的纤突。病毒与禽流感病毒无抗原相关性,能被禽副黏病毒I型阳性血清所中和。根据试验结果,初步将分离的病毒判定为鸭副黏病毒。     

成年公兔睾丸支持细胞的分离纯化及鉴定

为了寻求一种从成年公兔睾丸获得大量高纯度、高活率支持细胞的方法，本试验采用了胶原酶、胰蛋白酶和透明质酸酶联合消化法，从成年公兔生精小管分离出支持细胞，通过Tris-HCl低渗处理和选择性贴壁培养对所得的支持细胞进行纯化，并采用形态学和HE染色鉴定。最终获得了大量较高纯度（78.3%）和高活率(90.7%)的支持细胞。     

西葫芦根腐病病原的鉴定

通过对所采集的西葫芦根腐病病株进行分离培养,共得到5种病原菌,分属于疫霉菌Phytophthora和镰刀菌Fusarium2个属。经致病性测定,确定引起西葫芦根腐病的主要致病菌为疫霉菌,镰刀菌对西葫芦根腐病的发生有加重作用。经鉴定该致病疫霉菌为烟草疫霉菌(Phytophthora nicotanae),主要致病镰刀菌为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。     

球根鸢尾的病毒鉴定及试管脱毒成球技术

对上海地区球根鸢尾进行了病毒病害调查。经检测初步确定球根鸢尾普遍存在鸢尾重花叶病毒、鸢尾轻花叶病毒、水仙潜隐病毒３种病毒的复合侵染。对带毒种球进行茎尖组培脱毒,得出了茎尖诱导成芽、芽成球及小球生根的培养基配方。将组培苗在试管苗、成球苗、移栽苗等不同时期进行病毒检测,结果表明,小于１．０ｍｍ的茎尖诱导的幼苗可脱去上述３种病毒。     

贵州主要地方优良草种选育及种子产业化研究项目经济效益测算

利用<农业科技成果经济效益计算方法>对"贵州主要地方优良草种选育及种子产业化研究"项目进行成果经济效益分析,结果表明:在计算年限内,该成果每年可增加纯收入926.96万元,科研经费与新增纯收益比为1:6.58,其成果效益明显,产生了較好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益.该成果的进一步推广应用将有利于贵州省实施西部大开发和加快农业种植结构调整,尤其是对退耕还草种草畜、发展生态草地畜牧业及治理生态环境建设具有重要作用.     

多花黄精炭疽病病原菌鉴定

炭疽病是多花黄精最严重的病害之一。本研究从重庆市万州区采集疑似为炭疽病的多花黄精病叶,分离培养获得了培养性状不同的2株炭疽菌,致病性测定表明这2株菌株都可引起多花黄精炭疽病;利用核糖体内转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)、肌动蛋白(ACT)、几丁质合成酶(CHS-1)和β-微管蛋白(TUB)基因进行多基因系统发育分析,发现这2株菌株分别与松针炭疽菌Colletotrichum fioriniae和博宁炭疽菌C.boninense聚在一起,形成明显分支。结合形态学特点,确定引起多花黄精炭疽病的病原菌为松针炭疽菌C.fioriniae和博宁炭疽菌C.boninense。其中松针炭疽菌C.fioriniae引起黄精炭疽病是首次报道。