固液混合油辣椒多相流灌装的数值模拟

以固液混合油辣椒多相流的灌装过程为主要研究对象,采用流体力学计算软件Fluent对其灌装过程进行数值模拟,分别对直径为36、48、60 mm的计量缸在灌装过程中的密度场、各相体积分数的分布状况进行研究。数值模拟结果表明:随着灌装机构计量缸直径的增大,灌装流场的密度均匀性变好,高密度和低密度区域明显减少,直径为60 mm的计量缸其固液混合油辣椒多相流流体的各相体积分数和密度分布比其他两种较好,体积分数与初始设定基本吻合,研究结果为灌装装置的结构设计和灌装工艺提供了理论依据。     

Transgene introgression from Brassica napus to different varieties of Brassica juncea

Transgene introgression from transgenic rapeseed (Brassica napus) to different varieties of B. juncea was assessed in this study. Crossability between a transgenic rapeseed line Z7B10 (pollen donor) and 80 cultivars of 16 B. juncea varieties (including two wild accessions) was estimated by artificial pollination in a greenhouse. As a result, interspecific crossability between the transgenic Z7B10 line and the 80 B. juncea cultivars varied considerably, with seeds per flower from 0.00–10.67. Seed germination rates of the interspecific F₁ hybrids ranged from 49.0%–89.3%. The estimated frequencies of natural gene flow from the transgenic Z7B10 line to 10 B. juncea cultivars with different uses in the experiment field varied from 0.08% to 0.93%. The natural F₁ hybrids were highly sterile, with seeds per silique ranging from 0.27 to 1.03. In addition, seeds per flower of hybrid descendants varied from 0.02 to 0.22 when F₁ hybrids were self‐pollinated, and those ranged from 0.03 to 0.30 when F₁ hybrids were backcrossed with their corresponding B. juncea parents. Results of this study suggest a low level of transgene introgression from transgenic rapeseed to different B. juncea varieties, which provides a sound scientific basis for the safety management of coexisting transgenic B. napus and B. juncea varieties in China.     

CuFe2O4纳米粒子增敏Luminol-EDTA化学发光体系研究及应用

基于CuFe₂O₄纳米粒子能显著增强Luminol-EDTA体系的发光,首次建立了Luminol-EDTA-CuFe₂O₄ NPs化学发光新体系。紫外吸收光谱和化学发光光谱表明纳米CuFe₂O₄注入Luminol-EDTA体系后,未生成新发光物质,结合纳米CuFe₂O₄的特性,提出了CuFe₂O₄ NPs参与Luminol-EDTA体系可能的发光机理。研究发现芦丁能抑制Luminol-EDTA-CuFe₂O₄ NPs体系的化学发光,结合流动注射技术,将此化学发光体系应用于芦丁片中芦丁含量的测定。在优化实验条件下,芦丁浓度在2×10^-8~2×10^-5 mol/L范围内芦丁浓度的对数和相对化学发光值呈线性,芦丁浓度检出限（LOD）为1.21×10^-9 mol/L。将本方法应用于芦丁片中的芦丁含量测定,回收率为97%~102%,RSD为2.54%（c=1×10^-7mol/L,n=11）。     

A method of production data analysis for multi-fractured horizontal well in shale gas reservoir

Production data analysis is an effective method of evaluating gas in place, parameters of reservoir and hydraulic fractures. Current model of production data analysis fails to make sense because of the existence of absorption, multi-fracturing, and stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). Considering the effect of desorption, fracture interacting and closed boundary, the authors calculate the productivity of multi-fractured horizontal well in shale gas by Laplace transform and pressure superposition principle. Then theoretical charts of Agarwal-Gardner production decline curves are presented by employing new definition of dimensionless material balance time and dimensionless production, which is based on asymptotic approximations. The result shows that Agarwal-Gardner curves can be divided into two parts where they are scattered in early transient period, and where their shape was influenced by parameters relevant to adsorption, position of each fracture and reservoir geometry, and then drawn to Arps harmonious decline in pseudo steady state period. Reservoir parameters, hydraulic fracture characteristics and gas in place are evaluated by using the type curve matching with actual production data.     

Artificial Neural Networks Models for Flow Stress during High Temperature Plastic Deformation of Al-Li Alloy

Using gained experimental data to develop the models of stable flow stresses at high temperature plastic deformation by statistical methods for alloy materials, precision of the models is poor and at the same time the processes of modeling are complicated with great workload. On the basis of the data obtained on Gleeble-1500 Thermal Simulator,the predicting models for the relation between stable flow stress during high temperature plastic deformation and deformation strain, strain rate and temperature for 1420 Al-Li alloy have been developed with BP Artificial Neural Network method. The results show that the model on basis of BPNN is practical and it reflects the real feature of the deforming process. It states that the difference between the real value and the output of the model is in order of 5 percent.     

Multi-scale optical flow estimation of the video based on gradient optimization

A new algorithm based on gradient optimization is proposed for optical flow estimation of video images with different motion ranges. The original video images are transformed by using Loggabor filtering on phases and measures,and then the spatio-temporal gradient is calculated by using the obtained feature images. The optical flow is calculated with the spatio-temporal gradient. The video images are layered and processed with coarse-to-fine image pyramid method. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the algorithm is suitable for the video optical flow motion estimation of the significant range. It can not only obtain the video images following the human visual resolution characteristics, but also optimize the spatio-temporal gradient, while the optical flow calculation is more accurate. Besides, the time complexity of this algorithm is equivalent to that of the traditional optical flow method, and the accuracy of the algorithm is superior to the methods suggested by Horn-Schunck, Duan,et al.     

玉米和高粱用于碳同化和光呼吸的电子效率估算

为了探讨C₄植物碳同化和光呼吸的电子效率,运用Li-6400光合仪同时测定玉米和高粱在30℃和380 μmol CO₂ mol^-1下叶片的气体交换和叶绿素荧光,结果表明,直角双曲线修正模型可较好地拟合所测的光响应曲线和快速光曲线,其拟合值与实测值较为一致。在此基础上算得玉米和高粱在光呼吸条件下参与碳同化的电子流分别为198.60 μmol m^-2 s^-1和178.00 μmol m^-2 s^-1,所占比率分别为75.34%和74.81%;参与光呼吸的电子流分别为7.04 μmol m^-2 s^-1和7.84 μmol m^-2 s^-1,所占比率分别为2.67%和3.29%。而根据Valentini和Epron的方法算得玉米和高粱碳同化的电子流分别为210.45 μmol m^-2 s^-1和188.54 μmol m^-2 s^-1,所占比例分别为82.68%和79.24%;参与光呼吸的电子流则分别为45.67 μmol m^-2 s^-1和49.40 μmol m^-2 s^-1,所占比率分别为17.32%和20.76%。以前法研究表明,玉米和高粱在光呼吸条件下,来自PSII的电子除流向光呼吸和碳还原外,还存在其他消耗电子的途径,证明其他消耗电子的途径并不能被忽略或其他途径所消耗电子的量并不是常数。后法过高地估算了玉米和高粱叶片中来自PSII的电子用于光呼吸的消耗量。两法的结果相差6倍左右。这对重新评估光呼吸在植物的光保护中所起的作用提供了理论依据。     

Water/oil radial flow behavior near well bore zones in oil reservoir

The flow behavior of water and oil near well bore zones in oil reservoir is radial flow. Based on the fluid displacement experiments in radial systems, the equation describing radial flow is investigated and analytical solution about the relationship between relative permeability ratio and saturation is obtained. The analytical solution is used to treat the experiment results and the two phase flow behavior of water and oil is characterized. The results show that the analytical solution can characterize the actual flow of water and oil near well bore zone. According to the radial experiments, the saturation scope in which the relative permeability ratio and saturation is linear is smaller. The flow behavior of water and oil near well bore zones is complex and nonlinear.