桁杆张网渔具菱形和方形网目网囊的选择性研究

使用套网法作为选择性试验方法,Logistic曲线作为选择性曲线模型,并运用极大似然估计法进行曲线参数估算,对桁杆张网渔具不同网目尺寸(25mm、30mm、35mm、40mm以及45mm网目大小)、不同网目形状(菱形网目和方形网目)的网囊选择性进行分析。结果显示:各菱形网目网囊对黄鲫和银鲳的50%选择体长(或叉长)比相应方形网目的大(分别为3.79%和31.25%),而对小黄鱼的50%选择体长比相应方形网目小(7.92%);各菱形网目对黄鲫、小黄鱼和银鲳的选择范围都比相应方形网目大(分别为20.76%、5.36%以及45.99%)。这与传统认为方形网目选择性优于菱形网目的观点存在差异。通过讨论,认为黄鲫和银鲳体形较扁,游泳能力较弱是造成这些差异的主要原因。因此,在进行网囊结构改革时,不能盲目遵循方形网目优于菱形网目的传统观点。     

标准击实试验的一种数据处理方法

针对土工实验中标准击实试验数据处理存在的问题，提出了利用最小二乘法进行高次多项式插值的一般准则：若残差χ^2值最小及χ^2分布的累积概率较小，则通过其选取的多项式阶数是适宜的,用MATLAB实现之，简单易行，从而为求解岩土的最大干密度和最佳含水量提供了理论依据，它可望在土工试验数据处理中得到推广和应用。     

浅谈工业锅炉给水除氧

阐述了工业锅炉给水除氧的原理,并对常用的热力除氧、真空除氧、解吸除氧等技术进行了分析。     

一类四阶非线性椭圆方程解的存在性和多重性

通过极小化作用原理和极小极大方法得到了一类四阶非线性椭圆方程解的存在性和多重性.     

浅谈钢筋混凝土框架结构设计

结合钢筋混凝土结构的应用特点、从混凝土结构中框架结构在地震作用下的结构体系到构造要求,阐明在设计混凝土结构时,不但要满足受力计算要求,更要注意抗震要求。     

Square Design of Mountain Cities: A Case Study of Shiyan Broadcasting Media Center Square

City squares are an important part of urban public spaces and play an important role in improving the quality of urban landscapes. For mountain cities, city squares with mountainous characteristics formed by its special geographical environment, which have more identifiability and uniqueness than that in plain cities, have greater influence on the promotion of city image. Their unique regional cultural characteristics and local customs and practices have shaped the totally different temperament of mountain cities. Based on the dialectical relationship between the square, the landscape and the culture, this paper took Shiyan Broadcasting Media Center Square for example to explore the ideas of landscape design in mountain cities.     

Whole wheat bread: Effect of bran fractions on dough and end-product quality

Consumption of whole-wheat based products is encouraged due to their important nutritional elements that benefit human health. However, the use of whole-wheat flour is limited because of the poor processing and end-product quality. Bran was postulated as the major problem in whole wheat breadmaking. In this study, four major bran components including lipids, extractable phenolics (EP), hydrolysable phenolics (HP), and fiber were evaluated for their specific functionality in flour, dough and bread baking. The experiment was done by reconstitution approach using the 2⁴ factorial experimental layout. Fiber was identified as a main component to have highly significant (P < 0.05) and negative influence on most breadmaking characteristics. Although HP had positive effect on farinograph stability, it was identified as another main factor that negatively impacted the oven spring and bread loaf volume. Bran oil and EP seemed to be detrimental to most breadmaking characteristics. Overall, statistical analysis indicates that influence of the four bran components are highly complex. The bran components demonstrate multi-way interactions in regards to their influence on dough and bread-making characteristics. Particularly, Fiber appeared to have a high degree of interaction with other bran components and notably influenced the functionality of those components in whole wheat bread-making.     

棉花陆海染色体片段代换系BC_7F_2群体纤维产量和品质性状表现及相关分析

为了揭示棉花染色体片段代换系BC_7F_2纤维产量性状和品质性状之间的相关关系,筛选纤维品质优异的新材料。以1套陆海染色体片断代换系为材料,对BC7F2高代回交群体的产量性状与纤维品质性状的表性数据进行评价及偏相关分析。结果表明:群体各性状的平均值接近于轮回亲本‘中棉所36’,群体内存在丰富的遗传变异。纤维上半部平均长度超轮回亲本比例为30.25%,断裂比强度超轮回亲本比例为71.25%,衣分超轮回亲本比例为29.38%。总体上单铃重与马克隆值、整齐度指数呈极显著正相关,衣分与上半部平均长度、断裂比强度呈显著负相关,与单铃重呈极显著负相关。从中筛选出部分纤维品质突出的单株,纤维上半部平均长度高于30.00 mm,断裂比强度高于31.00 cN/tex。     

2003-2017年陕西省NDVI时空变化及其影响因素

[目的] 研究影响陕西省植被覆盖主导气候类和非气候类因子,为区域生态文明建设提供科学依据。[方法] 基于2003—2017年MODIS NDVI数据,利用趋势分析和地理探测器模型等方法,研究了气候类和非气候因素对陕西省植被覆盖的影响。[结果] ①2003—2017年陕西省NDVI空间分布总体上为改善趋势,但在不同植被类型区和生态区有所差异。②降水是影响陕西省植被覆盖空间分布的主导气候类因素,其他因素对当地植被覆盖影响程度有所差异。③降水与气温、日照、风速、相对湿度的交互作用对陕西省植被覆盖空间分布起主导作用。且气温的作用只有在和降水的交互作用下才能体现出来。④植被类型和地貌是陕西省植被覆盖空间分布的主导非气候类因素,其他因素的影响有所差异。⑤植被类型、地貌和土壤类型之间的交互作用对陕西省植被覆盖空间分布起主导作用。人口、GDP的影响也只有在与其他因素的交互作用下才能显现出来。[结论] 气候类因素的影响大于非气候类因素,气候类和非气候类因素的共同作用能够充分的解释植被覆盖空间分布。     

基于近红外光谱的沼液挥发性脂肪酸含量快速检测

挥发性脂肪酸（Volatile Fatty Acids,VFA）作为厌氧发酵过程的重要中间产物,其在厌氧反应器中的累积能够反映出产甲烷菌的不活跃状态或厌氧发酵条件的恶化。为了实现对农牧废弃物厌氧发酵进行过程分析和状态监控,将近红外光谱（Near Infrared Spectroscopy,NIRS）与偏最小二乘（Partial Least Squares,PLS）相结合构建玉米秸秆和畜禽粪便厌氧发酵液乙酸、丙酸和总酸含量快速检测模型。将竞争自适应重加权采样法（Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling,CARS）与遗传模拟退火算法（Genetic Simulated Annealing algorithm,GSA）相结合构建CARS-GSA算法对沼液中的乙酸、丙酸和总酸进行特征波长优选,原始光谱数据1 557个波长点经预处理和波长优选后,得到乙酸、丙酸和总酸特征波长变量分别为135、101和245个,建立的回归模型验证决定系数分别为0.988、0.923和0.886,预测均方根误差（Root Mean Squared Error of Prediction,RMSEP）分别为0.111、0.120和0.727,相对分析误差分别为9.685、3.685和3.484,与全谱建模相比RMSEP分别减少了17.78%、15.49%和1.22%,能够满足农牧废弃物厌氧发酵过程发酵液中乙酸和丙酸含量的快速检测需求,基本满足总酸的检测需求。结果表明,通过构建CARS-GSA算法优选乙酸、丙酸和总酸的敏感波长变量,参与建模的波长点数量显著减少,有效降低了变量维度和模型复杂度,提升了回归模型检测精度和预测能力,为快速准确检测沼液VFA提供了新途径。