雪花梨S16-RNase基因全长cDNA克隆及序列分析（英文）

    通过逆转录PCR(RT-PCR及快速扩增cDNA末端(RACE)技术从中国白梨品种'雪花'梨中克隆到S16-RNase基因的全长cDNA序列(GenBank接受号为DQ991388)该cDNA克隆总长1101 bp,包含1个完整的开放阅读框,编码228个氨基酸S16-RNase表现出梨S-RNase基因的基本结构特征,即其具有5个保守区(C1,C2,C3,RC4及C5)和1个高变区在推导氨基酸水平上,S16-RNase与梨其他S-RNase基因的相似性为63%至74%,但与苹果S9-RNase的相似性高达95%通过多序列比对构建进化树,分析梨S16-RNase与蔷薇科植物其他S-RNase基因的遗传进化关系结果表明,S16-RNase与苹果亚科S-RNase基因形成一个亚科特异而非种特异的S-RNase基因类群;且不同S-RNase基因间存在属内种间遗传距离远于属间种问遗传距离现象     

11个中国杏品种S-RNase基因的检测与序列分析

以11个未知基因型的中国杏品种为试材,根据李属植物S-RNase基因保守区设计2对引物组合检测各品种S-RNase基因,共获得22条等位扩增片段,电泳检测表明所有品种的扩增条带集中在300~1100bp的范围内,且表现出一定的长度多态性。序列分析进一步确定22个S-RNase基因为10个不同的等位基因,其中6个为首次发现,根据Gen-Bank中已登陆的杏S-RNase基因的顺序,分别命名为S19、S20、S23、S24、S25、S26,序列登陆号为:EF185300、EF185301、EU037262、EU037263、EU037264、EU037265。推导氨基酸序列的同源分析表明,杏的S-RNase与李属植物的S-RNase表现较高的同源性,为59.3%~100%;与苹果和梨的S-RNase同源性较低,为19.6%~31.6%。试验确定11个中国杏品种资源的自交不亲和基因型分别为:‘大果杏’S19/S20,‘张公园’S24/S25,‘二红’S9/S11,‘黄口外’S11/S26,‘植丸子’S11/S17,‘宇宙红’、‘大丰’S17/S23,‘超仁’、‘虹桥’S8/S11,‘冀光’、‘中华大杏梅’S8/S9;部分品种的田间杂交授粉座果与花粉管荧光显微镜观察证实了所鉴定基因型的可靠性。     

A comparison of methods for hybrid seed production using self-incompatibility in swedes (Brassica napus ssp. napobrassica)

Procedures for producing seed of hybrid swedes using self-incompatibility were examined. Single-cross, double-cross and modified double-cross hybrids were compared in isolation plots using natural pollinators and in polythene tunnels using blow-flies. With good coincidence of flowering and the same flower colour, nearly 100% hybrid seed was produced by natural pollinators with the single-crosses, the double-cross and one of the two modified double-cross hybrids; the other modified double-cross hybrid produced 87%hybrid seed. With poor coincidence of flowering and different flower colours the proportion of hybrids dropped to 61%. Using different flower colours and blow-flies as pollinators in polythene tunnels, higher levels of outcrossing were produced than in isolation plots with natural pollinators; the opposite result was obtained when the same flower colour was used. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

20个苹果品种的S基因型鉴定

以‘富士’、‘华瑞’、‘华硕’和‘华星’等20个苹果品种为材料,利用S等位基因高度保守氨基酸序列FTQQYQ和anti-1/MIWPNV设计的S基因通用引物,以及S等位基因多态性序列设计的19对特异引物,PCR扩增、测序以鉴定20个品种的S基因型;并用‘华瑞’和‘华硕’分别与‘美八’、‘锦秀红’、‘华冠’和‘富士’进行授粉试验验证S基因型的准确性。PCR结果表明:通用引物扩增S等位基因时,仅‘富士’、‘华瑞’、‘华硕’、‘华星’、‘美八’和‘红脆宝’6个品种有效地扩增出2条特异的S等位基因条带,其S基因型有S1S_9、S_9S_(24)、S_5S_9和S_5S_(24)等4种;19对特异引物扩增S等位基因时,‘华帅’等14个品种扩增得到2条特异性条带,S基因型有S_(10)S_(19)、s_2s_3、s_2S_5、s_3S_(10)、s_2S_9、S_5S_(24)、S_9S_(10)、s_3S_(10)和S_5S_9等9种。因此,20个苹果品种的S基因型分别为:‘富士’S1S_9,‘华瑞’和‘华硕’S_9S_(24),‘华星’、‘美八’和‘红珍珠’S_5S_9,‘红脆宝’、‘华玉’和‘99-1-29’S_5S_(24),‘华帅’S_(10)S_(19),‘金玉’s_2s_3,‘早红’、‘华美’和‘嘎拉’s_2S_5,‘Seokwang’s_3S_(10),‘锦秀红’、‘蜜玉’和‘华冠’s_2S_9,‘绿佳’S_9S_(10),‘信浓红’s_3S_(10)。2015和2016年‘华瑞’与‘华硕’的正反交组合坐果率较低(低于15.52%);而‘华瑞’和‘华硕’分别与‘美八’、‘锦秀红’和‘华冠’、‘富士’品种的正反交组合坐果率较高(高于46.30%)。因此,本试验中相同S基因型的授粉组合其坐果率较低,不同S基因型的授粉组合其坐果率较高,授粉试验支持S基因型鉴定结果。     

S-genotyping of 25 sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars from the Czech Republic

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a self-incompatible species. Determination of the S-genotypes of cherry cultivars is crucial for breeding and to select appropriate cultivars for cross-fertilisation and fruit set. In this study, we characterised the S-genotypes of 25 sweet cherry cultivars, some of which had being bred at the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology (RBIP), Holovousy, Czech Republic, and others were European cultivars in the RBIP collection. S-genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction using consensus primers for the S-RNase and SFB genes, and capillary electrophoresis. Nine different known S-haplotypes (S₁, S₂, S₃, S₄, S₅, S₆, S₉, S₁₃, and S₁₆) were identified and the cultivars were assigned to 12 incompatibility groups. One local cultivar, ‘Pta?ka z Plzně’, originated from a wild forest seedling and used as a pollinator, was assigned to Group 0 of universal donors. The pedigree of some cultivars was confirmed by their S-genotype. This study represents the ?rst comprehensive S-genotype screening of sweet cherry genetic resources in the Czech Republic and will be useful for the design of crossing programmes and orchard management of these sweet cherry cultivars.     

梨自交不亲和性研究进展

综述了梨自交不亲和性的研究进展,主要包括梨自交不亲和性的表现,梨花柱S糖蛋白的分离鉴定与作用机理,梨自交不亲和基因的克隆以及S基因型的确定等方面的研究成果,并提出了梨自交不亲和性研究中有待深入研究的问题.     

苹果自花授粉花粉管生长和花柱保护酶活性与内源激素含量的关系

以自交亲和的苹果品种早红香和自交不亲和的苹果品种斗南、富士、金冠为试验材料,对授粉后花粉管生长情况,花柱SOD,POD,CAT活性,MDA,蛋白质含量及4种内源激素含量进行研究.结果表明:自交不亲和的品种异花授粉和自交亲和的品种白花授粉后花粉管能够正常生长并通过花柱基部.自交不亲和的品种自花授粉后0-24 h花粉管能正常生长,当花粉管生长到距柱头1/2时停止生长;自交亲和的苹果品种早红香自花授粉后0~48 h花柱SOD,POD,CAT活性相对稳定,自交不亲和品种白花授粉后24～72 h(花粉管已停止生长)3种酶活性及MDA含量变化较大;自交亲和的苹果品种早红香自花授粉后24 h花柱GA_3含量达到峰值而ABA含量下降,而自交不亲和的品种白花授粉后12-48 h花柱ABA含量开始大幅上升,自交亲和品种白花授粉后12-24 h(IAA+GA3)/ABA值急剧上升,之后开始下降,但(IAA+GA_3)/ABA值高于其他自交不亲和品种.     

甘蓝SI相关基因BoCDPK14的克隆与分析

甘蓝自交不亲和性(self-incompatibility,SI)是柱头对相同单倍型的花粉产生的排斥或抑制反应。钙依赖蛋白激酶(calcium-dependent protein kinase, CDPK)是植物面对逆境信号时参与抗逆反应的重要元件。本文通过甘蓝自花授粉0～60min的柱头转录组数据分析,成功地筛选到一个受自花授粉诱导上调表达的基因BoCDPK14,该基因与拟南芥中参与植物逆境信号传导的钙依赖蛋白激酶基因高度同源。BoCDPK14基因开放阅读框1599bp,编码一种具有533个氨基酸残基的亲水性蛋白,可在大肠杆菌胞质中被诱导表达,其相对分子质量为60.4kD,表明BoCDPK14为活性胞质蛋白。该基因起始密码子上游2000bp的核苷酸序列中含有胁迫反应、激素反应、代谢调节等应答元件。BoCDPK14在甘蓝柱头、花粉、花蕾、花瓣和叶片中表达,且柱头中的表达量低于花粉。荧光定量PCR结果证实,BoCDPK14在0～60min的表达变化趋势与转录组分析结果一致。通过酵母双杂交发现,BoCDPK14蛋白激酶结构域与谷氨酸受体通道蛋白BoGLR2.8d存在相互作用,表明BoCDPK14可能是参与SI反应过程的新蛋白。本研究结果表明BoCDPK14可能作为Ca~(2+)信号元件参与甘蓝柱头响应花粉刺激的分子过程,这为甘蓝自交不亲和的进一步研究和利用提供了新内容。     

用化学方法克服油菜等芸苔属(Brassica)作物自交不亲和性的研究 Ⅳ.用NaCl克服自交不亲和性的机理初探

研究结果表明,NaCl克服油菜等芸苔属作物自交不亲和性的机理主要在于使柱头蛋白质变性;在识别反应中,柱头可能是主动的起关键作用的一方,花粉可能是被动的起次要作用的一方;用NaCl只处理花粉不能有效克服自交不亲和性;NaCl克服自交不亲和性的效应似乎是可逆的。