Determination of self-incompatible genotypes in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) accessions and cultivars of the German Fruit Gene Bank and from private collections

Sweet cherries are self-incompatible because of a gametophytic self-incompatibility system. S alleles in the style and pollen determine the crossing relationships. Knowledge of the S allele constitution of cultivars is very important for cherry growers and breeders, and recently, molecular methods have been developed to distinguish the S alleles in sweet cherries. The S allele genotypes of 149 sweet cherry cultivars and clones, including 126 not previously genotyped, were determined by using PCR analysis. Thirteen different S alleles in 40 combinations were distinguished and nine new incompatibility groups were documented. Two new S alleles were identified in five local sweet cherry processing cultivars from southwestern Germany using the second intron primers. The sequence of these alleles was determined and compared to all known sequences available in the NCBI database. The sequences obtained showed high similarities to the alleles S ₁₉ and S ₂₂, previously described only in wild cherries, Prunus avium L.     

Self-incompatibility interactions in Brassica napus

Summary The interactions of nine S-gene lines of Brassica napus were examined. Seven different S-genes were involved in the crosses, with three lines of different origin having the same S-gene. In general, the reactions on selfing the heterozygotes were as expected from the results of test crosses with the homozygous parent lines. All types of dominance relationships were found, including reversal of dominance in pollen and pistil. Weakening of activity of one or both genes was found in several cases. Background genotype was found have to some effect and reciprocal differences in reactions were also observed.     

中国白梨S基因研究——Ⅱ9个主栽品种S基因型的确定及S29-RNase新基因的分离鉴定

以中国白梨9个品种为实验材料．在分子水平上对其基因组DNA进行了PCR—RFLP系统检测、DNA序列测定及生物信息学分析．鉴定了6个品种的S基因型和3个品种的一个S等位基因．并从天生伏和蜜梨中分离鉴定了一个新的S等位基因,命名为梨Szg-RNase基因．该基因与S13的DNA序列最接近，推导氨基酸序列与S13仅有2个氨基酸序列的差异．     

大白菜自交不亲和系授粉受精过程的研究

通过研究大白菜自交不亲和系异交和自交的授粉受精过程,比较不同蕾期授粉的自交亲和指数,明确了白菜授粉受精过程的时间历程,为提高自交的结实率提供了一个最佳蕾期授粉时间。     

羽衣甘蓝ARC1的基因分离、表达及与SRK相互作用的分析

 以羽衣甘蓝（Brassica oleracea var. acephala）自交不亲和系（S_13-b S_13-b）为试验材料,利用RT-PCR的方法分离其ARC1基因cDNA序列（命名为BoARC1,GenBank登录号为EU344909）。BoARC1 cDNA序列中含有1个1 992 bp的开放读码框（ORF）,编码1个含有663个氨基酸的蛋白质。羽衣甘蓝BoARC1与油菜BnARC1的氨基酸序列具有94%的一致性;Southern杂交结果显示BoARC1在基因组中只存在单一拷贝;Northern杂交结果显示BoARC1特异性地在柱头组织中表达;在酵母双杂交试验分析中,BoARC1能够与SRK₃、SRK _13-b和SRK₉₁₀的胞内激酶域发生相互作用。     

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of S-RNase fragments for identification of S-genotypes of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)

Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) controlled by a complex and multiallelic S locus. The pistil-part product of the S locus is the polymorphic ribonuclease, S-RNase. Information on S-genotypes is important for the production and breeding of Japanese pears. Molecular analyses of S-genotypes of Japanese pear have been conducted with the CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) system; PCR amplification of S-RNase fragments by a common primer pair followed by digestion with restriction enzymes each of which cleaves a specific S haplotype. Here, we show that the separation of S-RNase fragments by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) distinguishes four out of nine S haplotypes of Japanese pear without restriction digestion. S³-, S⁵-, S⁶- and S⁸-RNases were identified as distinct bands by PAGE. S³- and S⁵-RNases were separated by PAGE despite their identical fragment sizes. Using this system, three Japanese pear lines with unknown S-genotypes were analyzed. The newly determined S-genotypes of the lines were confirmed by CAPS analysis.     

Sporophytic photosynthesis and gametophytic growth of the kelp Ecklonia stolonifera affected by ocean acidification and warming

Juvenile sporophytes and gametophytes of Ecklonia stolonifera were incubated in combinations of three pCO₂ levels (360, 720 and 980 ppmv) and two temperatures (10 and 15°C for sporophytes; 15 and 20°C for gametophytes) to examine potential effects of climate change on photosynthesis and growth. Sporophytes had significantly higher maximum quantum yields (F_v/F_m) and maximum relative electron transport rates (rETR_max) at 720 ppmv than 360 and 980 ppmv. Also, these parameters were significantly lower at higher temperature of 15°C than at 10°C. Growth of female gametophytes was maximal at 360 ppmv rather than enriched pCO₂ levels. Female gametophytes had significantly lower growth at higher temperature of 20°C than at 15°C. These results indicate effects of elevated pCO₂ varied between generations: stimulating sporophytic photosynthesis and inhibiting gametophytic growth. Ocean acidification and warming would constitute a grave threat to seedling cultivation of E. stolonifera caused by growth inhibition of gametophytes at high pCO₂ levels and temperatures.     

不同授粉方式对岑溪软枝油茶家系林座果率的影响研究

为探明不同授粉方式对岑溪软枝油茶家系林座果率的影响,采取异株异花授粉、同株异花授粉、同花人工授粉、同花授粉、对照5种不同方式对岑溪软枝油茶进行处理。结果表明：岑溪软枝油茶异株异花授粉处理的座果率最高,为43.33%～63.33%,显著高于其他4种处理。油茶为自交不亲和物种,可通过人工异株异花授粉提高座果率的方式改善岑溪软枝油茶家系林花多果少、产量偏低的问题。     

梨自交不亲和基因cDNA芯片制备及对部分砂梨品种S基因型的鉴定

利用东方梨中已鉴定的52个S等位基因HV区cDNA序列作为靶基因序列设计探针,制备梨S基因cDNA检测芯片,每张芯片上含有240个位点55个cDNA探针,包含所有序列完善的S基因HV区特异的cDNA序列。以被检测品种雌蕊cDNA为模板,采用Cy3荧光修饰引物经S基因特异PCR扩增标记被检测品种的cDNA序列,并与芯片杂交以检测不同品种的S基因型。结果表明：利用cDNA检测芯片与‘丽江黄酸梨’、‘秀玉’、‘弥渡玉梨’、‘白面梨’和‘德胜香’等已知S基因型品种杂交,杂交结果显示与S基因寡核苷酸芯片检测信号一致,与各品种已知S基因型相符合。利用cDNA芯片和进一步完善的S基因寡核苷酸芯片并行检测鉴定了‘文山红梨’等24个未知S基因型的砂梨品种,获得各品种的S基因型。梨S基因cDNA芯片的构建进一步完善了梨S基因检测平台。     

玉米温敏自交不亲和系的鉴定与生态学机制分析

在玉米繁殖过程中发现了一种生态自交不亲和材料HE 97,为了证明其不亲和类型及其生态学机制,通过2 a田间分期播种和花丝切片观察,对该材料的自交不亲和性进行了研究.结果表明,HE 97的自交不亲和性主要受温度影响,表现为高温自交亲和,低温自交不亲和,亲和性转换的敏感时期是雄穗的小花分化期/雌穗生长锥伸长期,临界温度为20～24℃.花粉在其相同基因型花丝上不能萌发可能是导致HE 97自交不亲和的主要原因.