苏粳815机插高产形成特点及其配套精确定量栽培技术

通过综合高产试验和机插行株距规格与氮肥组合试验,分析了苏粳815高产形成的特点,明确了其高产产量结构及其形成的主要生育指标,提出了目标产量650~700 kg/667 m~2相配套的精确定量栽培技术。     

Genetic divergence in two tropical maize composites after four cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection

Two tropical maize composites were subjected to four cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection to develop divergent inbred lines with good combining ability. This study was conducted to examine the extent of genetic diversity, changes in allele composition and genetic structure, of 100 randomly selected S₁ lines each from the original (C₀) and advanced (C₄) selection cycles of TZL COMP3 and TZL COMP4, genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Results revealed that the proportion of alleles at both low and high frequencies decreased from C₀ to C₄, whereas those at intermediate frequencies increased at C₄ in the two composites. More unique and other alleles were lost at C₄ in TZL COMP3 relative to those in TZL COMP4. The changes in different measures of genetic diversity were either small or negligible with selection in the two composites. The proportion of markers departing from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) decreased with selection, whereas the total number of pairs of markers in linkage disequilibrium increased with selection in the two composites. Examination of changes in population structures using a model‐based approach as well as cluster and multivariate analyses found a high degree of concordance in stratifying the 400 S₁ lines into four non‐overlapping groups corresponding to the two selection cycles each within the reciprocal composites. The observed molecular‐based divergence between cycles within the same composite and the clear differentiation between the complementary composites highlight the importance of reciprocal recurrent selection for preserving genetic diversity for long‐term selection. This increases the potential of the advanced selection cycles to sustain genetic gain in productivity of hybrids adapted to the savannas in West and Central Africa.     

Impact of sampling and storage technique,and duration of storage,on the composition of fresh grass when analysed using near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of sampling technique (pluck or cut), storage duration (immediate analysis, 24‐h or 48‐h), storage temperature (ambient or chilled) and storage conditions (air present, air excluded or breathable) on the composition of fresh grass sampled from a sward managed to simulate grazing. Treatments were repeated across four sampling dates, with grass samples stored in grip seal bags prior to analysis using near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Grass sampled by ‘pluck’ had a higher crude protein and ME content, and a lower acid detergent fibre (ADF) content, compared to that sampled by ‘cut’. Grass stored for 48 h had a lower water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and ME content and a higher ADF content than for immediate analysis. Samples stored for 24 h did not differ from immediate analysis. Grass stored at ambient temperature had a lower WSC and ME content compared to immediate analysis. Grass stored under ‘breathable’ conditions had a lower ME content and higher ADF content than immediate analysis or samples stored with air present or air excluded. It is recommended that grass for analysis should be sampled by cutting, stored chilled (4°C) in a sealed bag to minimize exposure to oxygen and analysed within 24 h of harvest.     

水力空化强化壳聚糖抗菌微球制备工艺的研究

为研究涡流产生的水力空化效应对壳聚糖抗菌微球包封率的影响,探讨水力空化强化壳聚糖抗菌微球制备的最佳工艺,在单因素试验的基础上,通过五因素三水平的响应面分析法研究了涡流出口压力、空化时间、壳聚糖浓度、甲基异噻唑啉酮(MIT)浓度、三聚磷酸钠(TPP)浓度对壳聚糖抗菌微球包封率的影响。结果表明,响应面法优化的最佳工艺参数为:涡流出口压力0.3 MPa,空化时间15 min,壳聚糖浓度3.0 g/L,MIT浓度0.6 mmol/L,TPP浓度2.5 g/L,载抗菌剂的壳聚糖微球包封率达(50.17±1.95)%,说明水力空化适合用于强化壳聚糖抗菌微球的制备工艺。     

玉米波杂饮料自然发酵工艺研究

以玉米粉为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化玉米波杂饮料的制作工艺。结果表明,玉米波杂饮料自然发酵的最佳工艺条件为:酶制剂添加量3.0%,煮制时间50 min,第2次发酵时间12 h,发酵温度35℃。此条件下制得的玉米波杂饮料总糖含量6.43 g/L,总酸含量2.73%,酒精含量2.60%(V/V),感官品质得分95分,饮料呈米黄色,泡沫洁白细腻,酒香味浓郁,有愉快的偏酸味和较强的杀口感。     

迎春花试管培养技术的研究

旨在研究不同培养条件对迎春花不定芽再生和生根状况的影响,并筛选出最适培养条件。以迎春花带芽茎段为材料,通过诱导愈伤组织、愈伤组织分化新芽、芽生根等步骤建立迎春花离体快速繁殖体系。研究结果表明,适合迎春花愈伤组织诱导的培养基为WPM+3.0 mg/L6-BA+0.5 mg/LNAA,诱导率高达100%;适合迎春花芽伸长诱导的培养基为WPM+2.0 mg/L6-BA+0.5 mg/LNAA,诱导率达56.8%;适合迎春花生根诱导的培养基为1/2 WPM+0.5 mg/L NAA,生根率高达85%,根系发达,试管苗生长健壮。培养条件为光照强度1500 lx,光照时间12 h/d,温度25℃。植物生长调节剂种类及质量浓度对迎春花不定芽的出芽时间和再生率以及生根率有明显影响。     

Modelling optimal timing and frequency of insecticide sprays for knockdown in preparation for other control measures

A modelling investigation was conducted into optimizing the number of sprays and inter-spray interval to reduce an insect population to a low level, for example, prior to pheromone trapping or the release of sterile males. The model population was age-structured and density-dependent. If spray mortality is 100% for each spray, then the ideal spraying schedule is easily determined from the durations of the various life stages. For spray mortality of less than 100%, a simulation was used to determine optimal spraying schedules. Relative length of the larval period, fertility rate and age to first oviposition were found to be the most important biotic parameters for this determination. Their importance is magnified as spray mortality decreases. The stage targeted by sprays and the percent mortality caused by each spray are also important in determining the required number of sprays. Using medfly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedmann) biotic parameters as an example when the spray targets adults, it appeared that neither the stage at which density-dependent mortality takes effect, nor the form of the adult survivorship curve are important in determining the optimal spray schedule.     

The use of iron (III) ferrocyanide soil amendment for removing salt from the soil surface

Accelerated soil salinization is a worldwide concern. Our study was carried out to determine the effects of different rates (0, 5, 10, and 15?mmol kg^?1) of iron (III) ferrocyanide application to remove salts from the soil. Within two weeks of its application, iron (III) ferrocyanide at 5, 10, and 15?mmol?kg^?1 removed 12.2%, 26.5%, and 42.9% of the total salts from the soil, respectively. Results suggested that iron (III) ferrocyanide application at 15?mmol?kg^?1 is one of the most rapid and effective ways to remove substantial amounts of salts from undrained soil (land) where fresh water is scarce.     

魏氏梭菌病诊断方法研究进展

魏氏梭菌病是由魏氏梭菌引起的,可感染多种动物,以导致犊牛肠毒血症、绵羊羔痢疾、仔猪坏死性肠炎以及兔肠炎等为主要特征的一种重要的人兽共患传染病.该菌通常感染2月龄～10月龄且膘情较好的牛、羊,在其消化道产生大量原毒素,经胰蛋白酶激活变为毒素,从而进入血液,引发的疾病发生非常突然,与家畜"猝死症"有密切联系.病理变化以全身实质器官出血为突出特征,反刍动物以瓣胃、肠管最为明显.目前,已成功研制出浓缩氢氧化铝灭活苗、类毒素疫苗来控制此病.文章综述了近年来针对魏氏梭菌分型,病原、毒素及抗毒素的免疫学和分子生物学等方面诊断技术研究进展.