内蒙古东部干旱年份玉米需水规律及灌溉制度优化

基于通辽市丰田灌溉试验站3年野外实测试验,对该地区干旱年份玉米需水规律开展研究,结果表明:研究区干旱年份玉米拔节期与抽雄期耗水量占玉米整个生育期的50%以上,耗水强度依次表现为抽雄期拔节期灌浆期苗期,各生育阶段日耗水强度介于0.79~6.50 mm·d~(-1)之间;玉米干旱年份苗期、拔节期水分胁迫处理减产率较小,均未达到显著水平,抽雄期水分胁迫造成的减产量最大,多年平均达10%以上。干旱年份随着玉米耗水量的增加,产量持续增加,而水分生产率先升后降,合理的水分胁迫有利于提高干旱年份水资源的利用效率;同时通过数学模型与动态规划,提出了干旱年份玉米不同灌溉定额条件下的非充分优化灌溉制度,干旱年份应首先保证玉米抽雄期、灌浆期各灌水1次的要求,每次灌水约600 m3·hm-2。     

土壤湿度对三氮苯类除草剂药效的影响及优化方案

以稗草为生物测定材料,运用二次正交旋转组合设计,以土壤湿度和除草剂用量二因子为决策变量,对稗草的抑制率为目标函数,研究土壤湿度对三氮苯类除草剂药效的影响。结果表明,适当的土壤水分是三氮苯类除草剂发挥药效的重要因素,药效随土壤湿度的提高而提高。不同的土壤湿度对不同除草剂药效影响各异,高湿条件下,湿度差异对药效影响大小依次为嗪草酮、西草净、扑草净、莠去津,低湿条件下则相反。除草剂用量与土壤湿度存在最佳发挥药效的组合。     

内蒙孪井灌区地下水补给及水资源优化配置研究

系统分析了内蒙孪井灌区的水文地质条件和包气带水文地质特征,对地下潜水深埋区降雨(灌溉)入渗补给的滞后性进行了分析,估算出了孪井灌区降雨(灌溉)入渗补给的滞后时间;建立水资源优化配置模型,利用GAMS软件优化种植结构,减小整个灌区的灌溉入渗量;最后利用VisualMODFLOW软件预报了现状灌溉和优化灌溉条件下的地下水水位。研究表明:深厚包气带对降雨(灌溉)入渗补给具有明显的滞后分配作用,孪井灌区岩性下的入渗补给滞后时间约为240-360d;实行水资源优化配置后,由于灌溉入渗量减小,水位上升幅度明显减小,减缓了土壤盐渍化的发展进度,但是仍然存在土壤次生盐渍化问题,必须改变现行灌水方式或者采取适宜工程措施加以防治。     

不同采收时期吴茱萸果实活性成分变化研究

采用HPLC法同时精密测定江西省吴茱萸规范化种植基地的吴茱萸果实在不同采收时期果实内吴茱萸内酯、吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱3种有效成分含量。结果表明:吴茱萸果实中吴茱萸内酯、吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的含量在不同采收时期存在较大差异,呈现出在采收初期含量快速增加,随后开始逐渐降低的变化规律。确定江西省吴茱萸果实的最佳采收期为8月初。     

In vitro studies on feline panleucopaenia virus. Standardisation of haemagglutination-inhibition test for feline panleucopaenia virus antibody

Standardised procedure for obtaining reproducible haemagglutination-inhibition results for FPV antibody which correlate with serum-neutralization titres was described. Optimal conditions were found to be Alsevers anticoagulant, PBS/0.05% BSA (pH 6.8) as buffer, especially washed round bottom microplates, determination of maximally sensitive porcine erythrocytes, use of reproducible erythrocyte concentrations, inactivation of serum samples at 56 degrees C for 30 min and serum treatment with koalin pH 9.0. The concentration of erythrocyte used for estimation of haemagglutination units in H1 test should not differ from that used as indicator in the test. Predilution of serum beyond 1:4 associated with false results. Reproducible method for removing natural agglutinins in serum by adsorption with erythrocytes was described.     

转基因植物疫苗研究进展

众多研究表明,病毒的抗原决定簇及细菌毒素亚单位均能在转基因植物中成功表达,并保持良好的免疫原性.与现有的疫苗生产体系相比,植物生产疫苗具有安全、经济、稳定、高效等优势.本文概述了利用不同受体植物生产疫苗的研究现状、免疫原性评价及免疫原基因的优化表达策略.     

河南省草种区划的研究

本文在前人研究的基础上 ,根据河南省自然条件的多样性和优质饲草生物学特点的差异性 ,提出了因地制宜地进行草种区划的具体方案 ,目的是为促进饲草的优质高产以及对环境条件的改良 ,切实解决当前畜牧业生产中优质饲草的不足和畜牧业生产环境日益恶化的局面。该草种区划的实施将有助于河南省 2 1世纪农牧业的多样性经营和可持续发展。     

Association between porpoise presence and fish choruses: implications for feeding strategies and ecosystem-based conservation of the East Asian finless porpoise

The associations between feeding activities and environmental variables inform animal feeding tactics that maximize energetic gains by minimizing energy costs while maximizing feeding success. Relevant studies in aquatic animals, particularly marine mammals, are scarce due to difficulties in the observation of feeding behaviors in aquatic environments. This data scarcity concurrently hinders ecosystem-based fishery management in the context of small toothed-cetacean conservation. In the present study, a passive acoustic monitoring station was deployed in an East Asian finless porpoise habitat in Laizhou Bay to investigate potential relationships between East Asian finless porpoises and their prey. The data revealed that porpoises were acoustically present nearly every day during the survey period. Porpoise detection rates differed between spring and autumn in concert with activities of fish choruses. During spring, fish choruses were present throughout the afternoon, and this was the time when porpoise vocalizations were the most frequently detected. During autumn, when fish choruses were absent, porpoise detection rates decreased, and diurnal patterns were not detected. The close association between fish choruses and finless porpoise activities implies an “eavesdropping” feeding strategy to maximize energetic gains, similar to other toothed cetaceans that are known to engage similar feeding strategies. Underwater noise pollution, particularly those masking fish choruses, could interrupt finless porpoises’ feeding success. Fisheries competing soniferous fishes with finless porpoise could impact finless porpoise viability through ecosystem disruption, in addition to fishing gear entanglement.     

无芒雀麦-污泥系统中泥/土不同比例对PAHs修复效果的影响

城市污水处理厂污泥中含有较高浓度的有毒有害物质多环芳烃(PAHs),且污泥产量大,如果不经过处理直接农业利用或堆放会导致土壤和作物的污染。本研究利用污泥和土壤不同配比组合(W0%,泥土比0∶1;W25%,泥土比1∶3;W50%,泥土比1∶1;W75%,泥土比3∶1;W100%,泥土比1∶0)的盆栽试验,探讨无芒雀麦-污泥系统对污泥多环芳烃的修复效果。研究结果表明,随污泥含量增加对无芒雀麦株高的影响差异不明显,而生物量却呈现出明显的上升趋势。无芒雀麦对污泥的耐受性表现良好;无芒雀麦对泥/土组合14种PAHs的吸收总量以W100%处理最高,且对3环、4环多环芳烃的吸收量比其他环数优势明显;在不同泥/土组合处理下,无芒雀麦-污泥系统对泥/土14种PAHs总量的去除率在W50%、W75%、W100%处理间没有明显差异,以W75%组合去除率为最高,达85.4%。且含有污泥的所有组合对高环芳烃Pyr、Chry、BaA、BbF、BkF、BaP、InP单体的去除优势表现非常突出,均达到80%或90%以上。综合考虑无芒雀麦的生长状况、吸收量及去除率认为,将耐抗性和去除率高的无芒雀麦作为优选植物资源直接用于城市污泥PAHs的修复是可行的,且以泥土比3∶1为最佳修复组合。     

自然植被净第一性生产力模型的改进

在Miami模型和Thornthwaite模型的基础上，采用直接搜索法改进了自然植被净第一性生产力模型，该模型优于Miami模型和Thornthwaite模型，便于估算自然植被的净第一性生产力，为合理利用气候资源，充分发挥气候生产潜力，最大限度地提高植物的产量提供了理论依据。