Suitability of Multi-Agent Simulations to study irrigated system viability: application to case studies in the Senegal River Valley

It is assumed that Agent-Based Modeling is a useful technique for water management issues. In particular, it may provide a suitable framework for representing irrigated systems. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate its potential for a specific use: research on irrigated systems’ viability in the Senegal River Valley. The main assumption to be verified is that Multi-Agent Systems constitute a suitable architecture to study theoretically irrigated systems’ viability using simulations. By using Multi-Agent Systems, virtual irrigated systems can be designed that might then be used as virtual laboratories. These virtual labs constitute an alternative when real labs cannot exist for some reason.

In this paper we report on experiments we have conducted using such virtual labs for exploring an Agent-Based Model through the simulation of scenarios. A scenario is defined as a triplet: an environment, a set of individual rules, a set of collective rules. It is evaluated according to the longevity of the irrigated system. An index is defined, based on the ratio of long-enduring simulations among a set of repetitions of a given scenario. Even if simulation results display significant diversity for a given scenario due to random factors in the processes simulated, the ratio of long-enduring simulations is repeatable. This entails to explore the overall behavior of the virtual irrigated system and to build theories concerning the viability of Senegalese irrigated systems. An example is given showing the need for strong coherence for a given environment among individual rules and collective rules.     

明渠测流及量水槽精度的鉴定

水的逐步商品化要求供水计量精度得到保证，特别是大流量的农业灌溉或工业供水尤显重要。大水港灌溉工程高干渠渠首无喉道量水槽的量水精度，采用明渠测流法进行精度鉴定，并在定量定性的基础上，评定量水槽的适用性。     

基于Visual C++MSComm通讯控件的排种器实验台变频调速系统设计

介绍了排种器试验台变频调速系统的系统组成,以及实现计算机与变频器之间串行通讯的硬件构成及程序设计方法, 以此实现了计算机与变频器的串行通讯。利用本系统可以满足排种器实验台对计算机控制的速度实时调节的要求。     

1994-2009年我国检验医学论文的文献计量学研究

以中国知网CNKI数据库为数据源,通过关键词途径检索,获得1994-2009年我国公开发表的检验医学论文1 211篇。利用SPSS13.0统计软件对论文进行分析,内容包括文献的增长规律及主题内容分布。分析表明,我国检验医学论文的分布呈现指数曲线型增长趋势,其函数表达式为Y=32.657e^0.268x;我国检验医学研究主要集中在《微生物学及检验》课程的教学方法与管理研究等5个主要方面。     

Experiences derived from the Carabid Beetle Laboratory Test

The Carabid Beetle Laboratory Test using Poecilus cupreus (L.) was developed for the assessment of effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods and is now available as an official guideline published by the BBA and the IOBC for the registration of pesticides. In this contribution some of the experiences in performing the test are summarized. In total, 126 compounds (mainly herbicides) were tested in 190 test runs (including water controls). In this acute laboratory test, the three parameters mortality, behaviour and feeding rate are investigated. Due to experiences with other ecotoxicological tests a one-way Analysis of Variance or ANOVA, followed by a Bonferroni Test, was used for the statistical evaluation of the feeding rates. The results presented here show that a statistical evaluation of the feeding data is possible and that this parameter is useful for the assessment of side-effects of chemicals for these predatory arthropods. In testing the reference substance pyrazophos (formulation: ‘Afugan’ 294 g litre⁻¹ EC) the mortality varied considerably. It is proposed that at a given value (30%) for effects on the mortality and the feeding rate, a test substance should be tested in a semi-field or field situation.     

从开放科学路线图分析到开放科学道路决策方法设计

[目标/意义]一个国家是否进入开放科学、如何选择路径,亟待决策方法。[方法/过程]开放科学作为国家科学政策,可以通过路线图方式进行规划实施。分析当前6个国际开放科学路线图的发布、内容、效果评估等特征,初步提出一个国家开放科学道路的决策方法。[结果/结论]开放科学路线图的形成受国家中长期开放计划、配套基础设施等多因素影响,实施内容覆盖到国家的未来、现状和具体措施,最终将提升一个国家或地区科学研究的开放成熟度水平及其影响力。基于这些特征,初步构建国家开放科学进程决策模型,覆盖开放科学实施前、实施、实施后不同阶段的决策内容,并设计开放科学道路决策的“三步法”。本文简略介绍中国面向开放科学的工作构想,以及其中图书馆发挥的作用。     

几种植物源农药对茶大灰象甲的室内药效试验

开展了除虫菊素、鱼藤酮和苦参碱3种植物源农药对茶大灰象甲的室内药效试验。结果表明：药后1 d、3d和5 d,1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂500倍液对茶大灰象甲的校正死亡率分别为97.22%、100%和100%,与对照药剂2.5%联苯菊酯乳油1500倍液差异不显著。而7.5%鱼藤酮乳油750倍液和1.3%苦参碱水剂1500倍液药后1d、3d和5 d的校正死亡率均不高于50%,这2种植物源农药对茶大灰象甲的室内药效效果均较差。     

‘隆丰黑李’细菌性穿孔病病害调查及杀菌剂对其病原菌毒力测定

以新品种‘隆丰黑李’闽东种植示范基地核心区为调查点,观测该病害在果园的发生区位情况,记录发病症状,分析各栽培管理措施及自然环境变化对病害发生产生的影响,并室内筛选了对该病害病原菌具抑制作用的杀菌剂.结果表明:以叶片病斑数及病斑面积占叶片面积百分比为依据划分的病情指数等级较为合理;该病在黑李园4月中下旬开始发病,平均发病率为26.04％,平均病情指数为9.62,主要危害叶片,亦可危害枝梢和果实;该病的发生与果园方位、果园管理及气侯条件存在一定的相关性,南面果园发病较重.在供测的5种杀菌剂中,6％春雷霉素和72％农用链霉素对该病病原菌的抑制效果最好,EC50分别为1.085 5 mg/mL和1.7799 mg/mL;联合毒力测定结果表明,72％农用链霉素和6％春雷霉素以6∶1和3∶1混配具增效作用,1:1配比具相加作用,1∶3和1∶6配比具拮抗作用.     

高校实验室信息管理系统的设计与实现

基于对高校实验室科学化、网络化管理的目的,采用查阅大量相关文献资料,分析国内外研究现状,进行系统设计、实现,并通过实践验证研究效果的技术路线,构建了基于B/S结构模式的高校实验室信息管理系统。通过在河北农业大学基础化学实验室的具体应用,达到了实验室无纸化办公、高效率管理的效果。     

高校植物组织培养实验室管理方法探讨

高校组培室中危险物品种类较多,应加强实验室管理人员的基本技能训练,提高其工作积极性,并对危险品进行合理保管,督促学生掌握好危险设备的正确操作方法,从而减少实验室事故的发生.规范实验室低值易耗品购置,普及管理软件的应用,为高校实验室科学化管理提供有力保障.