国槐古树健康评价模型的构建及应用

科学、准确地评价古树的健康状况,有利于及时、合理地制定保护措施,使古树得以健康长久存活。本研究以甘肃省崇信县80株国槐古树为对象,综合遴选反映国槐古树枝梢、叶部、树干和整体状况的4个方面共15个健康评价指标,运用结构方程模型确定指标权重,加权汇总得出国槐古树健康综合分值,并进行聚类分析,划分健康等级。结果表明：1)用于评价国槐古树健康的结构方程模型与观测数据拟合效果良好,其适配度指数NC值为1.164,介于1～3;RMSEA为0.046,小于0.05;NFI、TLI和CFI的值分别为0.910、0.982、0.986,均大于0.9,满足国槐古树健康评价的需要。2)评价模型中,树势和顶梢枯死权重最高,均为0.078 0,而倾斜状况权重最低,为0.039 8。3)研究区内国槐古树健康状况主要有27株属于健康(占比33.75%),26株属于亚健康(占比32.5%),14株属于衰退(占比17.5%),12株属于极度衰退(占比15%),1株属于濒临枯死(占比1.25%),其中一级和二级国槐古树中多株出现明显衰退。综合而言,利用结构方程模型评价国槐古树健康状况的方法是可行、科学、合理的,可为古树健...     

市政道路沥青路面改造工程病害处治及加铺结构设计

为了保证市政道路旧路改造工程的耐久性,针对城市道路改造工程中会出现的旧路路况评价、旧路病害处治以及加铺结构设计方案等问题开展研究,提出了适用于市政道路的旧路路况评价方法、旧路病害处治对策以及结构补强与功能恢复的路面加铺结构设计方案,为相关的市政工程提供了良好的技术支持。     

Evaluation of a new strategy to modulate skeletal development in racehorses by imposing track-based exercise during growth: the effects on 2- and 3-year-old racing careers

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: No data exist on the effects of conditioning exercise at foal age on workload and subsequent clinical injury rate during their 2- and 3-year-old racing careers. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of subjecting TB foals to conditioning exercise prior to the start of race training on: the workload required to reach a level of fitness sufficient to compete; and the prevalence of orthopaedic injury during the first 2 seasons of their racing careers. METHODS: Twenty 18-month-old TBs, 12 subjected to conditioning exercise at foal age (CONDEX) and 8 exercised spontaneously at pasture only (PASTEX) were trained and entered in competitive events. Workload was quantified using the cumulative workload index (the product of average velocity and distance at a specific gait) and the animals were monitored clinically and radiographically for signs of musculoskeletal disorders. RESULTS: Workload to reach the desired fitness level was similar for CONDEX and PASTEX. CONDEX performed more prerace training sessions as 2-year-olds (P<0.05). The incidence of orthopaedic injuries was low in both groups and there were no differences in the occurrence of orthopaedic ailments. PASTEX animals tended to show signs of musculoskeletal disorders earlier than CONDEX animals. This time difference was significant for metacarpophalangeal joint pain on flexion, reduced carpal flexion and hindlimb lameness (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Subjecting TB foals to conditioning exercise early in life does not have adverse effects on racing careers at ages 2 and 3 years, and does not influence the workload needed to reach a fitness level that is sufficient for racing. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The lack of negative effects and the indications of some positive effects of early conditioning exercise in the Thoroughbred encourage further large-scale comparative studies.     

Key Links and Solutions for the Relationshipsabout Reconstruction of Old Buildings

Following the rapid development of the revolutions in housing system,reconstruction of old buildings is rising.In order to make the reconstruction proceed smoothly,in this paper the author studies the secondary parts,reinforcing foundation,dismantlement of some parts of an old building,linkage of new and old frames,solutions for the four relationships,and others.     

构建3~6岁儿童动作教育中核心动作经验内容体系的研究*

通过文献资料、数理统计、观察和教学实验等研究方法,以动作技能教育目标为依据,结合幼儿身心发育特征、动作技能形成理论和动作教育中核心动作经验理论,构建出3~6岁儿童教育中核心动作内容体系,并通过教学实验验证表明：在3~6岁核心动作经验指导下的教学活动对幼儿动作发展具有积极的促进作用,研究结论将为幼儿早期的动作技能教育和幼儿课程体系的设置提供参考。     

Cultivation legacies in soils after rehabilitation seeding in the Great Basin,USA

Integration of knowledge regarding impacts of historical cultivation on soils for restoration planning is limited even though these legacies can affect land productivity and future land uses for decades. Old fields are often actively transformed through restoration, afforestation, or rehabilitation seeding. Rehabilitation seeding with the introduced perennial grass crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) was employed on approximately 2 million hectares in the western United States, including old fields in the Great Basin desert region. Seeding continues to be the primary treatment in restoration today, yet a minimal amount is known regarding how the underlying cultivation legacies affect these soils over the long term. We studied sites where rehabilitation seedings overlapped old fields and adjacent noncultivated land to compare soil properties including soil texture, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N), and C:N ratios. Because these sites were identical in all aspects except former cultivation, our approach allowed us to test the hypothesis that cultivation legacies can be detected in the soil today and explore which soil properties most strongly reflect cultivation legacies using discriminant and principal components analyses. Discriminant analysis separated soils between the two land-use conditions with 95% confidence at all four sites. Of the six soil properties, SOC, N, and C:N ratios were most important for distinguishing the cultivation legacies at three sites, whereas soil pH was most important in one site. These results show that soils remain altered in these formerly cultivated sites even after being reseeded, suggesting that future productivity and management will also be affected.     

华山古树名木衰败死亡原因及保护措施初探

通过对华山古树名木的调查,特别是对死亡古树名木的调查分析,阐明了影响华山古树名木衰弱死亡的原因是干旱、雷击及病虫危害,并提出了加强华山古树名木保护管理的对策和措施。     

三峡大老岭保护区铁坚油杉古树直径生长模型研究

铁坚油杉作为三峡地区的顶级植物群落,其本身的耐寒、耐土壤瘠薄性以及具有的菌根能改善土壤等性质使其成为该地区重要的建群树种。在近年来针对三峡地区水土保持和植被恢复的研究热潮中,该树种生长规律研究及其对环境的适应性研究是非常有意义的。通过对三峡大老岭林场的铁坚油杉古树的直径生长模型及其分析,对该地区自然分布铁坚油杉生长发育规律进行初步探索,结果显示单分子式、一元线性方程、二次回归方程拟合优度较高。     

黄河故道沙地不同间作模式林粮产量的比较

通过对山东省黄河故道冲积沙地间作花生、大豆、地瓜3种林粮间作模式的林分杨树胸径生长量、蓄积量、林地木材产量、间作作物产量及其经济效益的对比分析,结果表明:3种间作模式下,杨树胸径的连年生长量、单株蓄积量、林地蓄积量、木材产量均表现为间作花生>间作大豆>间作地瓜。间作花生、间作大豆、间作地瓜模式第10年的胸径累积生长量分别为39.96,37.89和34.03 cm,木材总产量为700.50、664.13和584.40 m3.hm-2。间作作物产量以第2年最高,第3年最低,3 a后不宜间作。不同林粮间作模式,以花生的木材产量最高,经济效益最大,大豆次之,地瓜最差,因此应选取豆科植物作为间作作物。     

旧水泥混凝土路面沥青罩面改造研究

本文在调查了解国内许多旧路改造实践工程的前提下,基于内蒙古扎赉特旗音德尔路的改造实践,对旧水泥混凝土路面沥青罩面改造进行了系统的分析研究。主要的研究内容包括：原有路面结构性能的评估,旧水泥混凝土路面沥青罩面改造中沥青罩面层的设计。