花绒寄甲对高温胁迫的适应能力及生理响应

商品化天敌昆虫在我国不同区域释放可能受到极端温度的影响和制约.花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides(Fairmaire)是松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope等蛀干害虫的重要天敌之一,具有良好的应用前景,但其在我国南方应用时控害效果常不稳定.以商品化花绒寄甲成虫为研究对象,并以...     

Agronomic evaluation of eleven Leucaena lines at Tumbi, Tabora, western Tanzania

Two trials were carried out over five growing seasons in western Tanzania to investigate (a) forage production and quality of eight lines of Leucaena leucocephala, one of L. diversifolia and one of L. esculenta and (b) the effect of cutting height (25, 50 and 75 cm) on forage production of nine lines of L. leucocephala and one of L. diversifolia. The locally naturalized lines, T1 and K1, were consistently better in yield, out-producing the commercial L. leucocephala cultivars Cunningham, Peru and K8 in three or four out of the five seasons' harvests. Mean daily dry matter yields for all lines decreased as the dry season progressed. Mean yields were 54.9, 28.6 and 12.8 kg/ha/day in the rainy season, late rainy season/early dry season and late dry season, respectively. The concentrations of N (2.3 to 3.1%), P (0.13 to 0.17%), K (0.7 to 1.3%), Ca (0.6 to 1.6%) and Mg (o.4 to 0.6%) in the edible forage declined as the dry season became pronounced but were at levels sufficient for animal production except for P levels, which were low. Three distinct yield groups emerged from responses to cutting height: cv. Cunningham produced the greatest yields of edible forage at 25 cm cutting height; cv. Peru, cv. K8, Korog, T1, CpI 90790 and CPI 58394 at 50 cm; and CPI 58398, CPI 84511 and CPI 85132 at 75 cm.     

贵州主要森林植被养分含量及其分配特征

通过对贵州9种主要森林类型植被层养分含量(N、P、K)的调查,分析了养分在乔木层、灌木层和草本层中的分配特征。结果表明:林下植被层养分含量均高于乔木层,总体上草本层养分含量最高,灌木层和乔木层因群落不同而异。混交林养分含量高于纯林,天然林高于人工林,速生树种大于慢生树种。各种森林类型植被层中,N、K元素相对P元素含量较多,N含量是P含量的3.0～24.1倍,K含量是P含量的3.6～16.8倍。乔木层不同器官养分含量总体上表现出叶＞皮＞枝＞根＞木材的趋势;灌木层不同器官养分含量基本表现为叶＞根＞枝干;草本层养分含量均表现为地上＞地下。      

三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺对肉鸡生长性能的影响及其组织残留的研究

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加不同水平的三聚氰酸(cyanuric acid,CYA)和/或三聚氰胺(melamine,MEL)对肉鸡生长性能的影响及其在血浆、组织中的残留.试验采用2×5两因子设计,1 200只1日龄科宝500肉鸡公雏随机分为10个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复20只鸡.CYA设5个水平:0、10、20、...     

Protein and energy nutrition of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at optimal and elevated temperatures

The digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) requirements for maintenance and growth of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were determined using a factorial model at either optimum (15 °C) or elevated temperature (19 °C). Several key parameters of the factorial model were measured using a series of inter‐related studies. The maintenance requirements for DP and DE were 0.10 gDP kg^?0.69 day^?1 (15 °C) and 0.31 gDP kg^?0.78 day^?1 (19 °C), and 34.86 kJDE kg^?0.84 day^?1 (15 °C) and 46.14 kJDE kg^?0.86 day^?1 (19 °C). The total requirements for DP were 0.10 gDP kg^?0.69 day^?1 + 2.14PG (protein gain) (15 °C) and 0.31 gDP kg^?0.78 day^?1 + 1.98PG (19 °C). The total requirements for DE were 36.86 kJDE kg^?0.84 day^?1 + 1.58EG (energy gain) (15 °C) and 46.14 kJDE kg^?0.86 day^?1 + 1.64EG (19 °C). The partial efficiencies for growth were 0.47 (15 °C) and 0.51 (19 °C) for protein, and 0.63 (15 °C) and 0.61 (19 °C) for energy. Nutrient gain was lower at the elevated temperature; however, feed formulation for brook trout should be adjusted to match changes in nutrient requirements at different culture temperatures. The protein and energy requirements model will be useful for developing commercial feeds and feeding charts for brook trout.     

蘑菇渣对落叶Cp-S316堆肥养分变化的影响

以落叶Cp-S316、蘑菇渣和鸡粪为原料,在自制的堆肥反应器内,采用问歇式强制通风的方式,进行为期50d的堆肥试验。试验设不添加蘑菇渣（处理I）和添加蘑菇渣（处理Ⅱ）两个处理,研究添加蘑菇渣对落叶Cp-S316堆肥过程中养分变化的影响,分析了堆肥过程中温度、pH、EC、NH4^＋-N、NO3^--N、有机质、挥发性固体、总氮、总磷和总钾的变化。结果表明,在通风量为0．20m^3·h^-1通风时间为20min·h^—1的条件下,处理Ⅰ（不添加蘑菇渣）和处理Ⅱ（添加蘑菇渣）分别在堆肥45h和35h后达到50℃以上的高温,并且分别保持50℃以上72h和96h;添加蘑菇渣可以减少氮的损失,促进钾含量的增加,增加堆肥硝态氮的含量,降低堆肥的电导率,加快堆肥腐熟;对落叶Cp-S316堆肥过程中有机质、总磷、pH和C／N的影响不大。因此,添加蘑菇渣可以加快落叶Cp-S316堆肥腐熟,提高堆肥的质量。     

小叶锦鸡儿灌丛土壤肥力变化的研究

研究了内蒙古风蚀沙化区退化草原植被恢复或重建过程中灌丛对养分的聚集和土壤肥力的保护作用,结果表明灌丛大小和灌丛不同土层养分含量没有明显的变化趋势,灌丛内0~5 cm土层的养分含量高于相应的对照样地,5~20 cm土层有机质和速效氮含量高于相应的对照,灌丛土壤颗粒含量和本地区土壤本底颗粒组成有密切的关系,和对照区相比,短期内没有显著增加土壤的细粒成分,但灌丛在减少风蚀方面具有一定的作用。     

施肥对马尾松针叶营养成分的影响

通过分析施肥后马尾松针叶的养分状况,研究了施肥对针叶营养元素的作用,结果表明,拖用尿素、过磷酸钙、氯化钾均能显著提高针叶含N量,提高针叶含K量则以施用过磷酸钙再配合施尿素或氯化钾作用最大,而针叶P、Ca、Mg含量则要施用过磷酸钙达5760kg/hm2以上才会有显著的提高;施肥对针叶养分含量的影响表现为N、P、K、Mg、Ca均达到O.05以上水平差异,而其中K、Mg持续3年内均有显著差异,N、P、Ca则仅只1年差异显著。     

盐化潮土不同农田土壤养分和土壤酶活性研究

对天津近郊盐化潮土不同农田中土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、转化酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和土壤养分进行了分析研究。结果表明,不同农田中土壤养分含量和酶活性存在显著差异。农田土壤养分和土壤酶活性不仅具有垂直分布的规律而且土壤酶活性和土壤养分显著相关。主成分分析提取了转化酶综合因子和全氮因子。转化酶可作为盐化潮土不同农田中土壤养分的肥力指标。     

东河早藕土壤养分限制因子试验

通过土壤养分限制因子试验,对比了不同配方施肥条件下东河早藕田间植物学性状、生育期和经济性状的差异.试验结果表明,缺氮、磷、钾肥对东河早藕的生长发育及产量形成具有明显的抑制作用,且效果由大到小顺序为氮肥、钾肥、磷肥.针对浙中地区部分土壤缺锌,补施锌肥能促进东河早藕早熟高产.