Effect of time delay and storage temperature on blood gas and acid-base values of bovine venous blood

The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the gas composition and acid-base values of bovine venous blood samples stored at different temperatures (+4, 22 and 37 degrees C) for up to 48 h. Five healthy cattle were used in the study. A total of 15 blood samples collected from the animals were allocated into three groups, which were, respectively, then stored in a refrigerator adjusted to +4 degrees C (Group I, n=5), at a room temperature of about 22 degrees C (Group II, n=5) and in an incubator adjusted to 37 degrees C (Group III; n=5) for up to 48 h. Blood gas and acid-base values were analysed at 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of storage. A significant decrease (p<0.001) was found, in the pH of the refrigerated blood after 5 h and its maximum decrease was recorded at 48 h as 0.04 unit. There were also significant alterations (p<0.001) in the blood pH of the samples stored at room temperature and in the incubator after 2 and 3 h, respectively. The maximum mean alteration in pCO(2) value for Group I was -0.72 kPa during the assessment, while for groups II and III, maximum alterations in pCO(2) were detected as +2.68 and +4.16 kPa, respectively. Mean pO(2) values increased significantly (p<0.001) for Group I after 24 h and for Group II after 6 h, while a significant decrease was recorded for Group III after 24 h (p<0.001). Base excess (BE) and bicarbonate (HCO(3)) fractions decreased significantly for all the groups during the study, compared to their baseline values. In conclusion, acid-base values of the samples stored at 22 and +4 degrees C were found to be within normal range and could be used for clinical purposes for up to 12 and 48 h, respectively, although there were small statistically significant alterations.     

高温对猪采食量的影响机制及应用的研究进展

采食量是保证猪生产性能充分发挥的关键因素。温度对猪的采食量影响较大。温热恒定机制是调节猪采食量的主要方式,环境温度通过改变猪与环境的热交换而影响其采食量,且影响最为明显。作者阐述了温度对猪采食量的调节机制、温度对采食量的影响等研究进展。     

Effect of environmental factors and changes in the body condition score on the onset of the breeding season in mares

Several methods have been proposed to advance the onset of the breeding season in horses. Most of them are based on the exposure to an artificial lighting period combined with hormonal treatments. Mares exposed to an artificial photoperiod are most often housed indoors where the ambient temperature is often higher than the outside temperature. Mares held in barns are also exposed to different daylight intensities than horses kept outside, depending on the architecture. In the current study, we evaluated the impact of ambient temperature, daylight intensity and changes in body condition score (BCS) on the timing of first ovulation after winter anestrus in mares exposed to an artificial photoperiod. Mares (n = 211) were housed in barns with different ambient temperature and daylight exposure but with the same artificial photoperiod exposure (except for a natural photoperiod control group). Artificial photoperiod as well as an increase in BCS over the winter significantly advanced the first spring ovulation. The BCS at the start and end of the anestrus period did not have an effect on the interval to first ovulation and neither did the modest increase in ambient temperature in the barn. However, a higher light intensity during the daytime significantly advanced the first spring ovulation. The results of this study suggest that exposure to more sunlight advances the onset of the breeding season. This effect is likely mediated through the biological effect of short wavelength blue light and its impact on melatonin suppression and biological rhythms. We suggest that greater/direct exposure to the blue light component of daylight improves the response to the artificial photoperiod. The results of the present study can further assist to optimize the conditions that lead to an efficient spring transition of breeding mares.     

低温胁迫对结缕草抗氧化酶活性和脂肪酸含量的影响

为探讨不同纬度来源结缕草（Zoysia Willd）对低温的响应,本研究以两份结缕草种质LT-40（高纬度）和LT-22（低纬度）为材料,分析了适温（30℃/25℃）、亚适温（18℃/12℃）、冷害（8℃/2℃）和冻害（2℃/-4℃）4种温度对叶片电导率（Electrolyte leakage,EL）、叶绿素和丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、抗氧化酶活性、叶片脂肪酸含量及不饱和指数的影响。结果表明,随着温度的降低,EL增大,叶片中叶绿素含量降低、MDA含量升高,且在LT-22中变化更大;叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性均随着温度的下降而逐渐升高,且在LT-40中表现更为显著;低温下叶片中棕榈酸含量呈下降趋势,而硬脂酸含量只在LT-40叶片中显著下降,棕榈油酸和油酸含量在LT-40叶片中显著低于对照,而亚麻酸含量在LT-40叶片中却显著高于对照,不饱和指数在LT-40叶片中显著高于对照。高纬度来源的结缕草在低温胁迫下具有较高的抗氧化能力和较好的质膜稳定性,因而其耐寒性更好。     

区域尺度下气候因子的插值优化及其与草地NPP的相关性

利用甘肃省及周边42个气象站点的气象数据和154个草地样地地上生物量（风干质量）实测数据,在AMMRR插值方法的基础上,加入坡度、坡向两个变量,对甘肃省1996－2005年的年均温和年降水量、不同季节温度和降水量进行空间模拟,并分析了甘肃省年均温和年降水量的空间分布格局,以及草地净初级生产力(NPP)对年均温、年降水量和不同季节温度、降水量的响应。结果表明,1）相对其他插值方法,引入了坡度、坡向等微观地理因子的AMMRR插值方法,可充分体现甘肃省的年均温、年降水量受地形影响的微观变化,更符合实际情况。2）除冬季外,草地NPP与不同时期的温度之间均呈显著负相关（P<0.01）,与不同时期的降水量均呈显著正相关（P<0.01）,而且与降水量的相关性明显高于温度。     

栗蚕卵发育起点温度和有效积温的测定

栗蚕(Dictypoea japonica)是珍贵的野生泌丝昆虫资源。对解除滞育的栗蚕卵分别通过15、18、21、24℃恒温处理暖种,测定栗蚕卵的发育起点温度为(10.2±0.6)℃、孵化有效积温为(181.7±11.6)℃.d,表明一旦给予越冬后解除滞育的栗蚕卵9.6℃以上的温度条件,就可能使其开始发育,当有效积温达到170℃.d时便可孵化。该结果可作为栗蚕卵的人工越冬保护及暖种技术处理的理论依据之一。     

晚秋温度对苜蓿地上部游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和POD活性的影响

通过对9个不同苜蓿Medicago sativa品种地上部游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和POD活性的研究,揭示晚秋温度变化对上述指标变化的影响,结果表明：9月10日-10月10日,随着温度的降低,3种不同秋眠类型的苜蓿地上部游离脯氨酸含量都呈上升趋势,其中高度秋眠类型苜蓿的变化幅度最大;不同秋眠类型苜蓿地上部可溶性糖变化趋势有所不同,低度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿变化幅度比较剧烈,说明在贮藏类营养物质方面,低度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿更为敏感,二者变化趋势恰好相反,中度秋眠类型苜蓿介于二者之间;不同秋眠类型苜蓿地上部过氧化物酶（POD）活性都经历逐步上升的趋势,中度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿POD活性变幅相对于低度秋眠类型大,说明中度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿地上部对于气温的变化更敏感。     

九种根际促生菌最适培养条件初探

测定了分离自燕麦和小麦根际九株促生菌对温度、pH值、光照及培养方式的需求,结果表明:虽然九株促生菌适应范围较广,即在5~45℃、pH4~9、3种光照条件(12h黑暗12h光照、24h光照和24h黑暗)和3种培养方式(全天振荡、间歇振荡和静止培养)下均能较好生长,但不同菌株的最适培养条件不尽相同。通过对各菌株的最适培养条件进行了测定和分析,为后续确定促生菌的最佳发酵条件和生态适应性评价提供了依据。     

高温胁迫对香根草含水量、膜透性、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量的影响

研究了高温胁迫条件下香根草相对含水量、膜透性、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量的变化规律。结果表明:25~40℃处理24 h后香根草的膜透性、脯氨酸含量逐渐上升,相对含水量、叶绿素含量逐渐下降,但幅度不大;40℃以上高温处理后,以上生理指标均有显著变化。与常温25℃比较,温度每升高5℃,膜透性、脯氨酸含量平均增加27.5%和86.0%,而相对含水量和叶绿素含量分别下降5.5%和10.1%。在试验条件下,香根草生长的最适温度为25~35℃,45℃为临界温度上限,55℃为致死温度上限。     

低温与克伦特罗（CL）对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验采用２×３（温度：１０ｖｓ２２℃，ＣＬ：３ｖｓ０１０＾－６）４重复完全交叉分组试验设计研究低温与克伦特罗对２９￣５６日龄ＡＡ雌性肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明；低温显著降低肉仔鸡生产性能，全期平均日采食量和耗料增重比分别增加５．９４％和９．０９％（Ｐ〈０．０１），平均日增重降低了２．９４％（Ｐ〈０．０５），且平均日增重还表现出对低温的适应。ＣＬ对试验全期肉仔鸡生产性能没有影响（Ｐ〉０．０５），