Prediction of grain protein content in winter wheat through leaf color measurements using a chlorophyll meter

A field trial was conducted over a 3-year period at the Hokkaido Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station to examine whether the grain protein content (GPC) of a winter wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chihokukomugi) suitable for Japanese noodle-making could be predicted before harvest. The prediction of the GPC was accurate based on the color of the second leaf (just below the flag leaf) at the end of the emergence of the inflorescence, when nitrogen application was graded. In order to evaluate the reliability of this test, a survey of 95 wheat fields in the eastern part of Hokkaido was also carried out during a 3-year period. The prediction of the GPC for this cultivar based on the color of the second leaf was less accurate across many sites. The results of this survey, however, suggested that the leaf color could be used as an index for ranking the GPC as low or high in relation to processing requirements. When the leaf color value of the second leaf measured with a chlorophyll meter at the end of the emergence of the inflorescence was less than 40, it was predicted that the GPC would be lower than the processing requirement. This index could be applied to the cultivars grown in the eastern part of Hokkaido, except for those grown on peat soils.     

土壤微生物与土壤营养关系研究进展

综述了土壤微生物的组成、主要作用,并提出了表征土壤肥力的微生物指标,阐述了土壤微生物与土壤肥力和土壤氮、磷、硫元素的关系,提出了今后土壤微生物和土壤营养关系的研究方向。     

Cd~(2+)处理对几种叶菜可食部分Cd含量及品质的影响

以5种叶菜为材料,采用水培和盆栽试验2种培养方式,测定不同浓度Cd2+处理下叶菜地上部(可食部分)生物量、Cd含量、硝酸盐及纤维素含量等生理与品质指标。结果表明:水培与盆栽培养条件下青菜、塌地乌、小白菜、菠菜及芥菜5种叶菜生物量随着Cd2+处理浓度增加显著降低(P0.05);可食部Cd含量显著升高(P0.05);高浓度水培与盆栽Cd2+处理(40mg.L-1和70mg.kg-1)下,5种叶菜中菠菜Cd含量相对较高,青菜Cd含量较低;随着Cd2+处理浓度增加,5种叶菜硝酸盐及纤维素含量升高,维生素C和可溶性糖含量下降,采用灰度关联综合分析表明,不同浓度Cd2+处理的5种叶菜中,青菜品质相对稳定及Cd含量较低,为Cd低积累品种。     

不同施氮水平对加工番茄养分吸收、分配及产量的影响

根据供试土壤的养分状况,通过2年不同施氮水平的田间小区试验,2007年设施N 0、135、270、405 kg/hm2四个水平,2008年设施N0、150、300、450 kg/hm2四个水平,在加工番茄的主要生育期,测定植株生物量和不同器官氮、磷、钾含量,并结合成熟期产量,研究不同施氮水平对加工番茄养分吸收、分配及产量的影响。结果表明,加工番茄对氮、钾需求量远大于磷;加工番茄干物质及氮、磷、钾养分的积累动态均呈"S"型增长;施氮可以极大地促进加工番茄植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收,各施氮处理比不施氮处理多吸收氮75.8%～189.2%,多吸收磷49.4%～162.7%,多吸收钾60.7%～176.8%;在一定的施氮范围内,吸收氮、磷、钾的量随施氮量增加而增加;植株吸收的养分最终50%以上都聚集在果实中;在施用磷、钾肥的基础上合理施用氮肥可以显著提高加工番茄的经济产量,2007和2008年增产分别达43.8%和114.3%;过量施氮可造成加工番茄贪青晚熟,但可以通过后期合理增施氮肥,作为解决加工番茄采收期短、加工紧张问题的一个辅助措施。     

不同栽培密度对棉花植株养分特征及产量的影响

田间小区试验研究了不同栽培密度对棉花植株养分特征及产量的影响。结果表明:密度为18.0×104株/hm2(A3处理)皮棉产量最高,为3247.4 kg/hm2;吐絮期铃中氮、磷、钾含量以18.0×104株/hm2(A3)、22.5×104株/hm2(A4)处理积累量较高,与产量一致;不同密度处理单株氮、磷、钾含量随密度的增大而减小;群体变化趋势则不同,虽然最高值仍都出现在8月15日,但在盛铃~吐絮期却以A3处理各元素的含量最高。说明后期养分积累对产量的形成具有重要的作用,尤其是植株群体和生殖器官的养分积累量。     

豫西地区红富士苹果叶片营养诊断

通过22个有代表性果园苹果叶片矿质营养分析,采用诊断施肥综合法（DRIS）对豫西红富士苹果进行了叶片营养诊断。结果表明,豫西红富士苹果叶片N、P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的适宜含量分别为:22.54±3.00 g/kg、2.42±0.28 g/kg、9.31±1.40 g/kg、104.47±15.03 mg/kg、33.89±5.77 mg/kg、3.38±0.39 mg/kg、29.71±4.91 mg/kg,N:P:K的适宜比例为1:0.08～0.14:0.31～0.55。DRIS诊断参数确定为N/P、K/N、K/P、Cu/N、P/Mn、Cu/P、P/Zn、K/Fe、K/Cu、Zn/N和K/Zn,这11种比例关系的变异程度均表现出低产园（变异系数范围为20.44％～40.82％）明显高于高产园（变异系数范围为8.69％～23.95％）;高产园和低产园的营养不平衡指数（NII）分别为39和88。对Fe、Mn和Zn元素需求强度较大的果园分别占供试果园的86％、82％和50％。相对于高产园,低产园元素间关系较不平衡;总体而言,豫西红富士苹果园需求强度较大的元素是Fe、Mn或Zn,其次是N或P。     

Nitrogen release dynamics of a slow release urea pellet and its effect on growth,yield, and nutrient uptake of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Manure urea pellets were produced and their nitrogen release rate was evaluated in soil incubation at different water contents of 90, 75, and 60% soil filed capacity (FC). In another experiment, sweet basil growth was evaluated during eight months (with three shoot harvests) under the pellet application. The nitrogen release and pellet dispersion rates were slow after two months or at lower soil water content (60% FC), but they were significant after four months of soil incubation, or at higher soil water content (75 or particularly 90% FC). Application of pelleted urea reduced plant growth and yield at first harvest than urea treatment. However, at second and particularly at third harvest (and the average of three harvests) significant improvement in growth parameters of SPAD value, leaf area, plant height, shoot fresh weight, pot yield, and` leaf N and K concentrations were achieved by application of pelleted urea fertilization.     

Is PLOS ONE Attracting Highly Cited Papers in the Food Sciences? Comparing Authors' Most Cited Work to Their PLOS ONE Articles Published 2006–2016

Since 2007, the Open Access journal PLOS ONE has published 194,622 expert-reviewed scientific papers, including 85 related to the human food sciences such as food safety, general food science, and nutrition. Seventy-five of their corresponding authors had previously published. Their most cited articles in other journals were identified and citation counts compared against those earned by their PLOS ONE papers. No PLOS ONE food sciences paper has yet been cited more than an author's best effort in the field in other journals. More than half (38) of the 75 PLOS ONE papers studied remain uncited even by their own authors.     

紫薯糊的工艺研究

通过试验研究了紫薯糊的制作工艺,对紫薯糊的制作原理进行探讨,并对操作要点进行了论述。主要研究了在制作紫薯糊的过程中紫薯用量、面粉用量、生粉用量、黄油用量对制糊效果的影响,并通过正交试验确定了最佳制糊配方:紫薯75 g,生粉115 g,黄油8 g,蛋液25 g,面粉75 g。     

果糖的利用现状及其与现代流行病的关系研究进展

果糖作为一种大多数水果中普遍存在的成分,长时间被人们所食用。20世纪70年代果糖生产技术瓶颈获得突破,被商品化应用于饮料、焙烤食品、蜜饯类等诸多食品当中,直至20世纪末期果糖因其甜度高、口感醇、代谢途径不同于蔗糖,而一直被认为是一种可取代蔗糖的具有保健功能的糖类,并推荐作为糖尿病患者的食用糖。近年来,随着研究手段的提高、研究人员对果糖营养学问题的更加关注,很多新的研究发现,果糖的大量食用可导致一些现代常见流行病的发生,如心脏病、心血管疾病、高血压、血液指标异常、增加代谢综合征的出现几率,甚至增加癌症的发病几率。通过对近年来果糖相关的营养学问题、食用安全性问题,以及果糖与现代流行病的关系进行阐述,为合理利用果糖提供一定的参考依据。