Single‐voxel and multi‐voxel spectroscopy yield comparable results in the normal juvenile canine brain when using 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of canine brain diseases are often nonspecific. Single‐ and multi‐voxel spectroscopy techniques allow quantification of chemical biomarkers for tissues of interest and may help to improve diagnostic specificity. However, published information is currently lacking for the in vivo performance of these two techniques in dogs. The aim of this prospective, methods comparison study was to compare the performance of single‐ and multi‐voxel spectroscopy in the brains of eight healthy, juvenile dogs using 3 Tesla MRI. Ipsilateral regions of single‐ and multi‐voxel spectroscopy were performed in symmetric regions of interest of each brain in the parietal (n = 3), thalamic (n = 2), and piriform lobes (n = 3). In vivo single‐voxel spectroscopy and multi‐voxel spectroscopy metabolite ratios from the same size and multi‐voxel spectroscopy ratios from different sized regions of interest were compared. No significant difference was seen between single‐voxel spectroscopy and multi‐voxel spectroscopy metabolite ratios for any lobe when regions of interest were similar in size and shape. Significant lobar single‐voxel spectroscopy and multi‐voxel spectroscopy differences were seen between the parietal lobe and thalamus (P = 0.047) for the choline to N‐acetyl aspartase ratios when large multi‐voxel spectroscopy regions of interest were compared to very small multi‐voxel spectroscopy regions of interest within the same lobe; and for the N‐acetyl aspartase to creatine ratios in all lobes when single‐voxel spectroscopy was compared to combined (pooled) multi‐voxel spectroscopy datasets. Findings from this preliminary study indicated that single‐ and multi‐voxel spectroscopy techniques using 3T MRI yield comparable results for similar sized regions of interest in the normal canine brain. Findings also supported using the contralateral side as an internal control for dogs with brain lesions.     

基于近红外光谱的五味子提取过程在线检测方法研究

目的 利用近红外(NIR)光谱法,建立定量模型,实现五味子提取过程中关键指标的快速检测。方法 在线采集五味子提取液的近红外光谱,以高效液相色谱法和差重法获取参照,采用最小二乘回归法(PLSR)分别建立五味子醇甲、果糖、葡萄糖和可溶性固形物的定量模型。结果 定量模型的校正集相关系数R、校正均方根误差RMSEC、预测均方根误差RMSEP分别为：五味子醇甲0.99792、1.41、8.76,果糖0.99246、0.0919、0.333,葡萄糖0.99371、0.0954、0.448,可溶性固形物0.98723、3.07、11.2。结论 该方法快速、便捷,结果准确,适用于五味子提取过程的快速检测。     

近红外多组分分析中异常样本识别方法

近红外光谱分析中,异常样本的存在严重影响定标模型的预测性能和适配性。基于 X / Y 联合的ODXY异常样本识别和剔除方法,提出并证明了一种专用于多组分分析的MODXY异常样本识别方法。实验采用80组玉米近红外光谱数据,利用不同异常样本识别方法剔除异常样本后建立玉米含水率、含油率、蛋白质含量和淀粉含量4种组分的偏最小二乘预测模型,采用预测均方差和决定系数作为评价指标比较所建模型的性能,检验MODXY方法在多组分分析中的异常样本识别能力。实验结果表明：在近红外多组分分析中,MODXY方法在大多数情况下具有更好的异常样本识别能力;MODXY方法和ODXY方法均有一定的适用范围,它们更适合于相应组分化学值的相对标准偏差较大的情况。     

Cow‐specific diet digestibility predictions based on near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy scans of faecal samples

This study was designed to obtain information on prediction of diet digestibility from near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) scans of faecal spot samples from dairy cows at different stages of lactation and to develop a faecal sampling protocol. NIRS was used to predict diet organic matter digestibility (OMD) and indigestible neutral detergent fibre content (iNDF) from faecal samples, and dry matter digestibility (DMD) using iNDF in feed and faecal samples as an internal marker. Acid‐insoluble ash (AIA) as an internal digestibility marker was used as a reference method to evaluate the reliability of NIRS predictions. Feed and composite faecal samples were collected from 44 cows at approximately 50, 150 and 250 days in milk (DIM). The estimated standard deviation for cow‐specific organic matter digestibility analysed by AIA was 12.3 g/kg, which is small considering that the average was 724 g/kg. The phenotypic correlation between direct faecal OMD prediction by NIRS and OMD by AIA over the lactation was 0.51. The low repeatability and small variability estimates for direct OMD predictions by NIRS were not accurate enough to quantify small differences in OMD between cows. In contrast to OMD, the repeatability estimates for DMD by iNDF and especially for direct faecal iNDF predictions were 0.32 and 0.46, respectively, indicating that developing of NIRS predictions for cow‐specific digestibility is possible. A data subset of 20 cows with daily individual faecal samples was used to develop an on‐farm sampling protocol. Based on the assessment of correlations between individual sample combinations and composite samples as well as repeatability estimates for individual sample combinations, we found that collecting up to three individual samples yields a representative composite sample. Collection of samples from all the cows of a herd every third month might be a good choice, because it would yield a better accuracy.     

高能湿法球磨制备鱼胶原肽螯合钙及其理化特征

为了拓展胶原肽螯合钙的制备工艺,以鱼胶原肽和CaCl2为原料,以高能湿法球磨的方法制备了鱼胶原肽螯合钙,并采用FT-IR红外图谱、X-衍射、EDS能谱等技术手段对其理化特性和结构进行分析.结果显示,随着球磨时间从15 min延长到240 min,鱼胶原肽的平均粒径逐渐降低,ZETA电位绝对值、分子量和pH值逐渐增加,鱼...     

典型农耕区褐土水稳性团聚体有机碳的分布及组成

对河北省典型农耕区褐土水稳性团聚体有机碳的组成特征进行了解析。结果表明,研究区水稳性土壤团聚体随粒径的减小而呈现"两头低中间高"的不规则W形分布趋势。藁城市和行唐县两地全土有机碳含量基本相当,分别为12.49和11.20g/kg。土壤有机碳主要受团聚体粒径分布的制约,藁城市和行唐县农耕区褐土优势团聚体(1000~250μm和250~53μm)中有机碳的比例分别为69.53%和82.71%。藁城市和行唐县20μm的团聚体有机碳含量分别为12.78和20.02g/kg,可作为研究区褐土固碳的稳定性指标。红外光谱解析表明,研究区土壤团聚体有机碳以芳香碳(大团聚体57.35%;微团聚体67.69%)和多糖碳(大团聚体29.43%;微团聚体:25.2%)为主。气候条件的差异可能是导致藁城市和行唐县土壤有机碳官能团组成差异的主要原因。大团聚体有机碳中主要是脂肪碳、多糖碳等活性较高的碳,而稳定的芳香碳则趋向于被保护在微团聚体中。     

近红外光谱法对茶叶中游离氨基酸含量的快速测定

为建立一种快速检测茶叶中游离氨基酸含量的方法,应用近红外光谱分析技术对贵州省不同产地的162个绿茶样品中的游离氨基酸含量进行检测,并结合偏最小二乘法(PLS),建立茶叶中氨基酸含量的预测模型。结果表明:通过标准归一化(SNV)光谱预处理,光谱范围选择6 657.74～6 178.16、5 793.11～5 688.98、4 493.33～4 350.62cm-1,主因子数为11,得到模型的内部交互验证相关系数(R)为0.981 56,交互验证均方差(RMSECV)为0.501;模型的预测值与实测值的相关系数为0.998,预测均方差(RMSEP)为0.312,稳定性试验得到的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于0.4%。综合分析,傅里叶变换红外光谱法与化学计量学方法相结合可以实现茶叶游离氨基酸的快速检测,满足检测要求。