黄瓜黑星病菌二菌系的菌丝生长及分生孢子萌发生理的研究

黄瓜黑星菌二菌系（即甘肃菌系和沈阳菌系）分生孢子和菌丝生长的适温为２０～２２℃;在１：５的瓜叶汁液中,１２ｈ后甘肃菌系和沈阳菌系的分生孢子萌发率分别为７３％和６９％。而牛粪浸出液对二菌系分生孢子的萌发有一定的抑制作用,萌发率均低于对照。二菌系对碳源和氮源的利用存在明显的差异,如甘肃菌系在葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、木糖和乳糖等培养基上生长量为５．７ｍｍ／ｄ以上,而沈阳菌系仅约３１ｍｍ／ｄ;氮源中以硝酸铵、胱氨酸对甘肃菌系生长的刺激作用明显,生长量分别为６４ｍｍ／ｄ和５８ｍｍ／ｄ,而沈阳菌系仅为３５ｍｍ／ｄ和３４ｍｍ／ｄ。但精氨酸则对二菌系的生长有抑制作用,日生长量低于对照５０％以上。     

油菜茎基溃疡病菌与黑胫病菌菌丝的生长动态

比较了油菜茎基溃疡病菌(Leptosphaeria maculans)和油菜黑胫病菌(L.biglobosa)在不同培养温度和2种培养基上的菌丝生长动态。结果表明,在PDA和V8培养基平板上都生长良好,油菜茎基溃疡病菌培养温度在28℃时,油菜黑胫病菌培养温度在25℃或28℃时,在PDA平板上菌丝生长最好;油菜黑胫病菌与油菜茎基溃疡病菌菌落生长速度相比,在最适培养温度(25℃或28℃)和相同的培养时间(21 d)内,二者在PDA平板上的菌落生长速度分别为5~7 mm/d和2.0 mm/d,前者的菌落直径约90 mm,是后者的2倍。因此,在温度为25℃或28℃的条件下,PDA培养基最适合这2种病菌的生长。     

Mode of transmission and morphological structures of two <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eremothecium</Emphasis> species between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Riptortus pedestris</Emphasis> and soybean

Eremothecium ashbyi and E. coryli were present in the maxillary and mandibular stylet pouches of the contaminated heads of the true bug Riptortus pedestris collected during a field survey, 2007. Ascospores of E. ashbyi and E. coryli were taken up in the stylet pouch when R. pedestris fed on soybean seeds infected with the respective fungus. In the case of E. ashbyi, the ascospores had subsequently germinated and were recognized as large masses of mycelia in the stylet pouch. In contrast, masses of E. coryli including buds of irregular size and shape were recognized about 3 days after. These results proved that these yeasts are taken up and become lodged in the stylet pouch when the insect feeds on infected host plants. In stylet sheaths stained with erythrosine, E. ashbyi was found as fragments of mycelia and E. coryli was found as small buds. These observations yield evidence to confirm that E. ashbyi and E. coryli are transmitted as fragments of mycelia and as small buds, respectively, after the insect has fed on infected host plants.     

绿僵菌Ma55抗多菌灵突变株的诱变及抑菌作用研究

在室内条件下测定了供试绿僵菌对多菌灵的抗性。结果表明, 供试菌株对多菌灵均表现为敏感, 其中, Ma55菌株对多菌灵最敏感。采用分生孢子定向筛选的方法获得了金龟子绿僵菌抗多菌灵突变株, 测定了抗性突变株对多菌灵的抗性差异。结果显示, 在获得的抗性突变株中, MC-2的EC50最大, 达到397.064 3μg/mL, 对多菌灵的抗性水平最高, 抗性水平指数达到102.35。对Ma55抗多菌灵突变株的菌丝生长速率、产孢量及对棉花枯萎病菌和棉花红腐病菌的抑制效果的研究结果表明, 抗性突变株的菌丝生长速率均比亲本菌株Ma55小, 但产孢量均比Ma55大, 其中, MC-2的产孢量最大, 为5.12×106个/mL; MC-5次之, 其产孢量为4.81×106个/mL, MC-8的产孢量在抗性突变株中最低。平板对峙培养结果显示, 金龟子绿僵菌抗多菌灵突变株对棉花枯萎病菌和棉花红腐病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用均达到显著水平, 其中, MC-2对棉花枯萎病菌、棉花红腐病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强, 与亲本对照菌株Ma55差异不显著。     

Carbohydrate degrading enzyme production by plant pathogenic mycelia and microsclerotia isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina through koji fermentation

The ability of hydrolytic enzyme production by two different isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina was studied on apple pomace as a substrate for solid state fermentation (SSF). Initial moisture level, temperature and fermentation period was optimized so as to achieve higher output. Among the two different isolates, microsclerotial (MphP) and mycelial (MphM), MphP was observed as a potential source of different hydrolytic enzymes as compared to MphM. MphP gave higher enzyme activities (IU/gram dry substrate (gds): filter paper cellulase (FPase) activity 196.21 ± 16.3 (120 h), carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) 279.34 ± 28.25 (72 h), β-glucosidase (BGL) 129.82 ± 12.41 (96 h), xylanase 2527.88 ± 46.15 (120 h), and amylase 2780.72 ± 38.13 (96 h), respectively at 70% (v/w) IML. The incubation temperature was also found to have impact on the enzyme production ability of Macrophomina strains. The higher enzyme activities were achieved (IU/gds) as follows FPase 276.13 ± 25.02 (40 °C, 120 h), CMCase 278.11 ± 24.47 (35 °C, 144 h), BGL 189.47 ± 15.05 (30 °C, 144 h), xylanase 3845.77 ± 43.38 (35 °C, 144 h) and amylase activity of 3309.45 ± 29.22 (35 °C, 120 h), respectively using MphP at 70% (v/w) IML. This study reports for the first time the potential of carbohydrate degrading enzyme bioproduction by different isolates of M. phaseolina.     

蛹虫草液体深层发酵的研究

以蛹虫草菌丝体生物量为指标,运用单因素对比试验和正交实验,对蛹虫草液体培养基的碳、氮营养源以及最佳配方和培养条件进行了优化研究。结果表明:筛选出蛹虫草液体培养基最佳碳源为蔗糖,其次为麦芽糖;最佳氮源为酵母膏,其次为蛋白胨。筛选出蛹虫草液体培养基适宜配方为:蔗糖3%、酵母膏3%、KH2PO40.1%、MgSO40.15%;液体培养适宜条件的温度为24℃,pH 5.5,接种量为15%,摇瓶转速为140 r/min,发酵罐通气量为1∶1.2~1∶1.6V/(V.min)。     

两种真姬菇摇瓶发酵产生菌丝体及 胞外多糖研究

采用摇瓶培养法对2种真姬菇的发酵工艺进行研究,结果表明：真姬菇Ⅰ、Ⅱ发酵生产菌丝体及胞外多糖的碳源是葡萄糖,氮源是酵母膏;液体发酵培养基是葡萄糖3%、酵母膏 0.4%、vitB1 10mg/100ml、KH₂PO₄ 0.1%、MgSO₄ 0.1%,pH值为6.0;液体发酵的优化条件是初始pH 6.0~7.0,振荡速度110~130r/min,培养温度25~28℃,装液量150ml/250ml。2种真姬菇菌丝体及胞外多糖产量较高,真姬菇Ⅰ菌丝体干重、胞外多糖产量分别是 3.92、8.83 mg /ml;真姬菇ⅠⅠ菌丝体干重、胞外多糖产量分别是3.25、7.69 mg /ml,即真姬菇Ⅰ摇瓶发酵菌丝体干重、胞外多糖产量高于真姬菇Ⅱ。     

人工培养长座线虫草子实体及其菌丝体的挥发性成分分析

首次采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取了人工培育的长座线虫草子实体及摇瓶菌丝体的挥发性成分,并用气相色谱质谱联用仪（GC-MS）进行了分析。结果表明,不同培养方式对长座线虫草挥发性物质的数目和含量有较大影响,对挥发性成分的类型影响较大,液体摇瓶菌丝体挥发性物质种类主要有：酮类、醇类、烷烃类、烯烃类、醌类和醚类化合物;子实体中挥发性物质种类主要有：醇类、醛类和酚类。液体摇瓶菌丝体鉴定出20种挥发性物质,以1-辛烯-3-醇(37.70%)为主,人工培养子实体鉴定出6种挥发性物质,以1-辛烯-3-醇（51.93%）和2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚（38.37%）为主。2种人工培养物挥发性物质的共有成分为共有成分1-辛烯-3-醇、2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚在菌丝体中占51.66%,在子实体的挥发性成分中占90.30%。     

江苏几种作物病原丝核菌生物学特性的研究

对江苏省不同作物纹枯病菌菌株生物学特性进行比较研究,结果表明,来源于水稻、玉米、大豆和棉花的菌株属于立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani KOhn),经融合群测试,水稻、玉米、大豆为立枯丝核菌AG_1-1A群,棉花为AG_4群;来源于大、小麦的菌株,同属于禾谷丝核菌(R.cerealis Vander Hoeven)的CAGl群。     

温度及常见农药对球孢白僵菌生物学特性的影响

在室内测试了6个温度对球孢白僵菌一菌株(分离自小猿叶成虫)的产孢量、孢子萌发率和菌落生长的影响.结果表明,在17～26℃温度范围内,球孢白僵菌的产孢量、孢子萌发率和菌落生长速率(菌落直径扩展)均随着温度的升高而增大.在26℃条件下,各项生物学指标均达到最高,即产孢量为6.40×107mL-1、孢子萌发率为93.19%、菌落直径为22.80mm.在23℃条件下,虽然产孢量(5.95×107mL-1)与26℃的有显著差异,但孢子萌发率(91.32%)和菌落直径扩展(22.50mm)无明显差异.当温度升高到29℃时,各指标值均下降,在32℃条件下球孢白僵菌不能生长.同时还测定了田间常用的6种杀菌剂和8种杀虫剂对球孢白僵菌的菌丝生长的影响,结果表明杀菌剂对球孢白僵菌的菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,其中多菌灵完全抑制球孢白僵菌的生长,但随着时间的推移,抑制作用有所减弱.而杀虫剂的抑制作用较弱,其中部分杀虫剂对球孢白僵菌菌丝生长不仅没有抑制作用,反而有促进作用,说明杀虫剂与球孢白僵菌相容性较好.