多熟制春玉米覆膜移栽的生态效应及其对植株生长与产量的影响

以“苏玉9号”为试材，研究了多熟制春玉米覆膜移栽的生态效应、植株生长特点及其对产量的影响。结果表明：覆膜移栽可改善土壤的生态环境，提高土壤温度、降低土壤容重、增加土壤的含水量；促进玉米的生长发育；提早成熟，增加产量。     

Effective use of the TSPY gene‐specific copy number in determining fetal DNA in the maternal blood of cynomolgus monkeys

Since the available concentration of single‐copy fetal genes in maternal blood DNA is sometimes lower than detection limits by PCR methods, the development of specific and quantitative PCR detection methods for fetal DNA in maternal blood is anticipated, which may broaden the methods that can be used to monitor pregnancy. We used the TaqMan qPCR amplification for DYS14 multi‐copy sequence and the SRY gene in maternal blood plasma (cell‐free DNA) and fractional precipitated blood cells (cellular DNA) from individual cynomolgus monkeys at 22 weeks of pregnancy. The availability of cell‐free fetal DNA was higher in maternal blood plasma than that of cellular DNA from fractional precipitated blood cells. There was a significantly higher (P < 0.001) mean copy number of fetal male DYS14 from maternal plasma (4.4 × 10⁴ copies/mL) than that of detected fetal cellular DNA from fractional blood cell pellets. The sensitivity of the DYS14 PCR assay was found to be higher than that of the SRY assay for the detection of fetal DNA when its presence was at a minimum. The DYS14 assay is an improved method for quantifying male fetal DNA in circulating maternal blood in the primate model.     

基于体素的森林地区机载LiDAR数据DTM提取

机载LiDAR是一种能够直接、快速获取被测目标三维空间信息的主动式遥感技术,被广泛用于获取高精度的数字地面模型,但是在植被比较密集、地势比较陡峭的森林地区,能够穿透植被到达地表的激光脚点数量较开阔区域少,对于提取精确的DTM有一定难度。该文提出一种继承式多分辨率体素滤波算法,从机载激光扫描数据中获取森林地区的DTM。该方法将激光点云数据划分为不同分辨率等级的体素,以体素为单位通过与邻域体素的高程加权均值比较,剔除植被点,保留地面点,从而获取森林地区的DTM。实验证明该滤波方法能够有效地提取森林地区的DTM。      

多参数可调可测式清选系统设计与试验

为了改善国内谷物联合收获机风筛式清选装置清选作业参数的调控、监测与显示方式简单且自动化程度较低导致清选效率较低的问题。分析了谷物联合收获机风筛式清选装置4个清选作业参数（振动筛曲柄转速、风门开度、风机转速和鱼鳞筛筛片开度）的调节理论依据,对每个清选作业参数的调控与监测装置进行独立设计,在联合收获机风筛式清选装置基础上设计了多参数可调可测式清选系统,实现风筛式清选装置清选作业参数的自动化调控、监测与显示,整体系统采用电力驱动,实现了收获机风筛式清选装置的绿色环保作业。经准确性检测多参数可调可测式清选系统4个清选作业参数的调节精度均不小于97.17%,具有良好的鲁棒性,可实现4个清选作业参数的精确调控与实时显示。本文利用装配了多参数可调可测式清选系统的4LZ-4型全喂入履带收获机,以总损失率和含杂率为清选性能评价指标,进行了大豆机收田间试验,试验时样机运行良好。试验结果表明,大豆机收田间试验总损失率和含杂率平均值分别为3.13%和2.70%,达到行业标准要求。     

用于杉木幼林抚育的化学除草剂配方优化研究

在福建南平峡阳国有林场的当年造杉木幼林地上 ,应用多目标决策方法对 1 2种用于杉木幼林抚育的化学除草剂配方进行综合评价 ,结果表明 :处理 9(在 5月份进行穴状锄草后 ,用 1 5%林草净 0 .5m L· m-2 +1 0 %草灌净 0 .3m L·m-2 +红土 30 g·m-2 的配方穴状撒施 ,每穴施药面积 1 m2 )的综合效益最好 ,其次为处理 1 0 (在 5月份进行全面锄草后 ,用 1 0 %草灌净0 .1 5m L·m-2 +水 30 m L·m-2的配方全面喷施 ) ,值得在本场条件类似的大部分林地上推广应用     

干旱胁迫对蔷薇生理活性的影响

干旱胁迫是影响植物生长发育及应用的重要因子。为掌握蔷薇Rosa multiflora的抗旱能力,测定了干旱胁迫下蔷薇的电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白的含量和脯氨酸的含量。结果表明:蔷薇的电导率和脯氨酸含量与胁迫程度成正相关关系;MDA的含量、SOD和POD的活性、可溶性蛋白的含量都在一定范围内随着胁迫强度的增加而先升高后降低;研究表明蔷薇具有较强的抗旱能力。     

A method for applying fluvial geomorphology in support of catchment‐scale river restoration planning

• 1. This paper reports on an extension to the use of Fluvial Audit survey to include a subjective and adaptive multi‐criteria assessment (MCA) process that integrates scientific literature and observational data to develop three reach‐scale indices of: (a) channel modification; (b) channel function (sediment store or source); and (c) naturalness. These indices are nested within an overall conceptual model of channel evolution and used to underpin catchment scale river restoration.
• 2. The approach is described and applied to a small groundwater dominated river in the UK. The results show that over 48% of the total main river was in a degraded state relative to a conceptual model of a natural reference state. Only 23% of the river was in a near‐natural state.
• 3. MCA classifications were translated into a set of management actions necessary to return each reach to a near‐natural condition. These are described.
• 4. The method offers a transparent decision support for stakeholders that can incorporate differing scientific evidence. The use of MCA enables flexibility in terms of the relative importance of scores and weights placed upon factors in the final classification. This makes the approach amenable to stakeholder and public consultation.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Variability of oceanographic and meteorological conditions in the northern Alboran Sea at seasonal,inter‐annual and long‐term time scales and their influence on sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum 1792) landings

Time series of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) landings from 1962 and environmental variables from 1978 in the northern Alboran Sea are analysed. European sardine spawns in the northern Alboran Sea from mid‐autumn to late winter at a temperature range slightly higher than the one observed in the nearby Eastern North Atlantic and the North Western Mediterranean. Individuals hatched during autumn and winter are incorporated to the fishery during the following summer and autumn producing the maximum annual landings. These landings show both a decreasing long‐term trend and a strong inter‐annual variability. Although further research is needed, the warming trend of sea surface temperature and the decrease in upwelling intensity inferred from empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses could have some influence on the negative trends of sardine landings. The inter‐annual variability of sardine abundance seems to be related to the wind intensity at a local scale, the second principal component of the chlorophyll concentration and the sardine abundance during the preceding year. If the inter‐annual variability is considered, a linear model including these three variables with a one‐year time lag allows to explain 79% of the sardine landings variance. If the negative linear trend is also considered, the model explains 86% of the variance. These results indicate that the body condition of spawners, linked to the food availability during the preceding year, is the main factor controlling the recruitment success. The possibility of predicting sardine landings 1 year in advance could have important implications for fishery management.     

多泵多马达调压系统理论分析与实验

传统的压力控制回路中,动力元件都采用传统的单作用泵。当回路只用一个泵提供压力时,压力控制回路无法满足系统对多个流量的需求。而多泵和多速马达是基于双定子理论所设计的一种液压元件,可实现一个泵（马达）的多输出。当代替传统单作用泵和单作用马达用于传统液压回路中时,此时的液压回路就是一种新型的液压回路。由于元件的特殊性,使系统可满足多输出、多功率的需求。新型液压回路减少了很多控制元件,所以在实现与传统液压回路相同功能时,新型液压回路可节约很大的能量。多泵多马达调压系统的实验结果表明,由于泄漏原因,导致泵随压力增加,实测流量减少;双定子泵的容积效率随着压力的增大而减小,机械效率和总效率随之增大而增大。尽管由于一些不可控因素导致的误差,但也证明了回路的可行性和元件的原理正确性。     

农用底盘主动平衡试验平台与控制系统设计与试验

常规的农用作业装备很难适应坡地作业环境,为了使作业车身在坡地作业时保持水平,以主动平衡系统作为研究对象,开发了主动平衡试验平台及控制系统。基于SimMechanics与SimHdraulics模块建立了机-电-液多物理域仿真模型;针对双作用非对称式液压油缸推程与回程运动的不同特性,采用双通道式PID控制策略进行控制,分别对液压油缸跟随响应、位移误差变化、速度阶跃响应与平台双轴倾角进行仿真分析。仿真表明,双通道PID控制下最大跟随误差为1.90mm,响应时间为0.228s,极限状态下平衡时间为2.98s。与单通道PID控制相比,其最大控制误差降低49.3%,响应速度提高了45.8%。在实验室模拟8种不同坡度,对主动平衡试验平台进行响应时间和平衡效果测试,系统响应时间为0.328s;随着坡度的增加,试验平台调平最大误差为1.14°,最大均方根误差为0.299°,主动平衡试验平台及控制系统达到了设计要求。