注塑模多型腔流道优化设计

在注塑成型过程中,浇注系统尤其是多型腔浇注系统的设计合理与否对产品质量和效益都有决定性影响。为此,不袭用传统的浇注系统设计方法,在前人研究的基础上导出了新的流道系统优化设计模型,并在MODEFLOW软件模拟中得到验证。     

番茄叶霉病侵染机制及抗性机理研究进展

番茄叶霉病是由Cladosporium fulvum(Cook)Ciferrd引起的一种世界性病害。自从20世纪80年代以来,随着保护地番茄面积的扩大,该病的危害也越来越严重,成为了番茄生产上的重要叶部病害,严重影响番茄产量和品质。综述了近年来在番茄叶霉病侵染机制、生理小种的分化和抗病性机制方面的研究进展,并对其抗性研究前景进行了展望。     

放线菌对番茄灰霉病和早疫病的拮抗作用研究

在室内对峙培养的基础上,对接种放线菌F的盆栽番茄植株接种早疫病A1、灰霉病菌B1进行田间抗性鉴定.结果表明:F菌株对2种靶标真菌均有一定的抑制作用.接种F A1、F B1的番茄植株,病情指数要明显低于对照,差异极显著.接种放线茵表现为不同程度的发病症状,且生长势差.接种生防菌真菌F对番茄PPO、POD具有一定诱导作用,在"放线菌-病原菌"双菌体系中对番茄叶片MDA含量有明显的抑制作用,双茵处理的番茄叶片、茎MDA含量明显低于单接番茄病原菌处理.     

哈茨木霉诱导番茄叶片光合生理变化的研究

 采用室内对峙培养筛选与田间防效比较相结合的方法,对哈茨木霉抑制番茄叶霉病菌的机 制进行了研究。对峙培养结果显示,5 个木霉菌菌株均覆盖或侵入了病原菌菌落,其中菌株TH16 和TH54 对病菌的抑制作用较强。田间防效试验表明,木霉菌TH16 和TH54 孢子悬浮液浓度在108 个 · mL-1 时防 效最好,分别为69.4%和60.0%。接种木霉后,番茄植株的净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO2 浓度（Ci）、气孔 导度（Gs）、CO2 光饱和同化速率（Asat）、Rubisco 最大羧化（Vcmax）、RuBP 最大再生速率（Jmax）及Rubisco、 FBPase 活性均明显增加。而接种叶霉病菌导致光合速率下降的同时伴随着Vcmax 和Jmax 的下降。预接种木 霉菌能将叶霉病菌导致的Pn、Asat、Vcmax、Jmax 抑制消除并恢复到对照水平。接种木霉能显著增加光合相 关基因的表达量,FBPase、FBPA、SBPase 和TPI 分别较对照增加了6.53 倍、3.51 倍、5.17 倍和7.81 倍。 研究结果表明木霉菌通过激活与光合相关酶活性及基因表达缓解了叶霉菌对番茄光合生理的抑制作用。     

Long-term retention of coded wire tags in juvenile Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus

Abstract  A hatchery experiment was organised to find out if the high loss rate of coded wire tags, noticed in connection with an Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) restocking programme, was size-dependent and also to test head moulds for future taggings. Six moulds made by Northwest Marine Technology Inc. and five moulds made at the Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute were used. A total of 100 charr were tagged with standard-length coded wire tags using each mould. One-summer old charr at tagging were held for 534 days and two-summer old charr for 320 days. The tag loss rate varied between 0% and 54% and was negatively related to the size of the charr at tagging. The high loss rate was connected with the poor alignment of some moulds, such that a large proportion of the tags were located in the nasal cavity instead of the nasal cartilage. Testing of the moulds and careful grading of the fish for tagging is emphasised, especially if Arctic charr smaller than 20 g in weight are to be tagged.     

Do fathead minnows,Pimephales promelas Rafinesque,alter their club cell investment in responses to variable risk of infection from Saprolegnia?

Fish in the Superorder Ostariophysi possess large epidermal club cells that release chemical cues warning nearby conspecifics of danger. Despite the long‐held assumption that such club cells evolved under the selective force of predation, recent studies demonstrated that predation has no effect on club cell investment. Rather, club cells have an immune function and cell production may be stimulated by skin‐penetrating pathogens and parasites. The current work investigates whether fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, alter their club cell characteristics based on variation in infection risk. In a 2 × 3 design, we exposed minnows to infective cysts of two oomycete species (Saprolegnia ferax and S. parasitica) at three different concentrations (2, 20 or 200 cysts L^?1). Club cell characteristics (number and size) were quantified 12 days after exposure. Saprolegnia parasitica is thought to be more pathogenic than S. ferax, hence we predicted greater club cell investment and a larger turnover rate of cells by minnows exposed to S. parasitica than S. ferax. We also predicted that minnows exposed to higher numbers of cysts should invest more in club cells and have a higher turnover rate of cells. We found no difference in club cell density or size between fish exposed to the two Saprolegnia species; however, fish exposed to high concentrations of pathogens had smaller club cells than those exposed to low concentrations, indicating a higher rate of turnover of cells in the epidermis.     

新型水稻钵体摆栽秧盘及秧盘注塑模具的设计

通过对现有水稻钵体摆栽秧盘结构的改进设计,可以大大提高秧盘的使用寿命,并设计出用于改进后的秧盘生产用的注塑模具。     

烟煤病研究进展

综述了烟煤病的病原,生物学特性,危害和防治等方面的研究进展,并对今后的研究进行了展望。     

Sensitivity of populations ofBotrytis cinerea to triazoles,benomyl and vinclozolin

Sensitivity of field isolates (121) ofBotrytis cinerea from France (1992), Germany (1979–1992), Israel (1990) and the Netherlands (1970–1989) to the triazoles tebuconazole and triadimenol, the benzimidazole benomyl and the dicarboximide vinclozolin were tested in radial growth experiments. Resistance to benomyl (in 21 to 100% of isolates tested) and vinclozolin (in 25 to 71% of isolates tested) was common in most countries. EC₅₀s (concentrations of fungicides inhibiting radial mycelial growth ofB. cinerea on B5-agar by 50%) for tebuconazole and triadimenol ranged between 0.01–1.64 and 0.4–32.6g ml^–1, respectively, and were log-normally distributed. The variation factor (ratio between EC₅₀s of the least and most sensitive isolate tested) amounts 164 and 82 for tebuconazole and triadimenol, respectively. These values are comparable to those for azole fungicides applied in control of other pathogens. Hence, variation in sensitivity to triazoles can probably not explain limited field performance of triazoles towardsB. cinerea. Isolates from south west Germany (1992) were significantly less sensitive to tebuconazole than isolates collected earlier in Germany, Israel and the Netherlands. Such less sensitive populations may contribute to the limited field performance of DMI fungicides towardsB. cinerea. The sensitivity of isolates from south west Germany to tebuconazole was similar to that of DMI-resistant mutants generated in the laboratory. These mutants displayed stable resistance with Q-values (ratio between EC₅₀ of resistant mutant and wild type isolate) between 5 and 20. Sensitivity of field isolates and laboratory mutants to tebuconazole and triadimenol was correlated.     

节能日光温室中番茄灰霉病发生规律的研究

通过 3年对节能日光温室环境温湿度监测、病菌孢子捕捉和番茄灰霉病发生规律研究明确 ,一般年份 ,灰霉病在番茄叶片上表现为明显的始发期、盛发期和末发期等 3个阶段 ;果实发病后 ,即进入盛发期。温室中病菌的发生与病害呈正相关 ,病菌的高峰期较病害的高峰期提前10～15d。持续的低温、高湿、苗期带病等是引起番茄灰霉病发生的重要因子。提出要从优化设施环境等方面来控制番茄灰霉病的危害。