面向机器人采摘的荔枝果梗力学特性

为了给荔枝采摘机器人夹持与切割器的设计和控制提供依据,对荔枝果梗分别进行了切割性能和夹持性能的影响因素试验以及弯曲试验。试验结果表明:峰值切割力和切割强度随着切割速度增加而减小,随着切割角度的减少而减少,凹刃和凸刃的峰值切割力和切割强度都比平刃小;除果梗直径因素外对峰值切割力和切割强度影响显著的因素均依次为切割角度、刃口形式和切割速度;切割角度每减少1,峰值切割力和切割强度分别减少4.45N和0.16MPa;相比平刃的峰值切割力和切割强度,凸刃分别减少166.90N和2.11MPa,而凹刃分别减少167.39N和4.21MPa。随着夹持力增加,荔枝果梗与夹持物间摩擦力增加,夹持物为橡胶时,摩擦力最大,夹持力对摩擦力的影响大于夹持材料;试验范围内,最大摩擦力为44.54N。荔枝果梗具有较强的抵抗变形的能力,平均弹性模量为867.15MPa;试验范围内,最大弯曲力的平均值为118.95N,抗弯强度的平均值为56.03MPa。该研究为荔枝采摘机器人的夹持与切割机构的优化设计和控制提供了理论依据。     

翠冠梨茎段组织培养的研究

以翠冠梨茎段为外植体进行组织培养研究，筛选出了较为适合该品种离体繁殖的基本培养基为1／2Ms，并通过无芽茎段培养获得了愈伤组织．通过有芽茎段培养获得了无菌苗．     

福建省毛竹区划研究 (Ⅰ)地域区划

本文根据福建毛竹分布区立地和生产力差异,确定区划的原则依据,采用模糊聚类和综合评价分析方法,在水平地域上区划为适生区和散生区。适生区又划分最适宜区、适宜区和较适宜区。每一个区再区划为二个生产力等级区。并分区论述其自然条件和毛竹生产力。     

Developmental changes in composition and quality of prickly pear cactus cladodes (nopalitos)

The composition and quality of edible tender stems or cladodes of 3 Prickly Pear Cactus species (Opuntia amyclaea, O. ficus-indica, and O. inermis) were studied at different stages of development. This traditional Mexican vegetable is called nopalitos in Spanish and cactus leaves in English. Cladodes harvested when 20 cm in length have the following average composition per 100 g: 91.7 g of water, 1.1 g of protein, 0.2 g of lipid, 1.3 g of ash, 1.1 g of crude fiber, 4.6 g of complex carbohydrates and 0.82 g of simple sugars, 12.7 mg of ascorbic acid and 28.9 µg of carotenes. The cladode's juice has an average pH of 4.6, 0.45% titratable acidity and 6.9% soluble solids. The components which varied most during development of the cladodes were: carotenes, acidity and total carbohydrates which increased, and protein and crude fiber (acid-detergent) which decreased. The nutritive value of the tender cladodes in the stages of growth at which they are commonly harvested and consumed (15 to 25 cm long weighing 50 to 80 g per stem), was similar for the 3 species.     

Quantitative resistance to symptomless growth of Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) in Brassica napus (oilseed rape)

Quantitative resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus was investigated in field and controlled environments using cultivars Darmor (with quantitative resistance) and Eurol (without quantitative resistance). In field experiments, numbers of phoma leaf spot lesions in autumn/winter and severity of stem canker the following summer were assessed in three growing seasons. There were no differences between Darmor and Eurol in number of leaf lesions in autumn/winter. However, stem cankers were less severe on Darmor than Eurol at harvest the following summer. In controlled-environment experiments, development of leaf lesions at different temperatures (5–25°C) and wetness durations (12–72 h) was investigated using ascospore inoculum; symptomless growth of L. maculans along leaf petioles towards the stem was quantified using quantitative PCR and visualized using GFP-expressing L. maculans ; growth of L. maculans within stem tissues was investigated using GFP-expressing L. maculans . There were more leaf lesions on Darmor than Eurol, although there was no difference between Darmor and Eurol in L. maculans incubation period. There were no differences between Darmor and Eurol in either distance grown by L. maculans along leaf petioles towards the stem or quantity of L. maculans DNA in leaf petioles, but L. maculans colonized stem tissues less extensively on Darmor than Eurol. It was concluded that quantitative resistance to L. maculans operates during colonization of B. napus stems by the pathogen.     

Preliminary Determination of Flavonoids in Sweet Potato leaves and stems

通过对甘薯叶、茎中的总黄酮含量进行了提取,以芦丁为对照品,用紫外分光光度计对其含量进行了初步测定。结果表明甘薯叶中黄酮类化合物含量为9.37%,嫩茎含量为3.07%。明显高于一般植物,为甘薯叶、茎的综合开发利用提供了一定的理论依据。     

Effects of Row-Spacing on Canopy Structure and Yield in Different Plant Type Rice Cultivars

Two japonica rice varieties, Longjing 20 (more tillers and curved panicle type, MCP) and Longjing 21 (few tillers and half erect panicle type, FEP), were used to study the effects of row-spacing on can...     

药剂浸泡种茎对布朗山区木薯地下害虫的防效评价

为了有效防控云南布朗山区木薯重要地下害虫的发生与危害,本试验针对性地开展种茎无害化药剂处理的防效评价研究。结果表明：选用环保型杀虫剂48%乐斯本乳油1 000倍液和1.8%阿维菌素乳油2 000倍液的1∶1混合液浸泡木薯种茎5和10 min后种植效果最好,平均出苗率分别由无任何处理对照的62.5%及清水对照的75.0%和75.6%显著提高到96.5%和97.0%,平均虫害率分别由无任何处理对照的56.8%及清水对照的45.0%和44.8%显著下降到6.3%和5.5%,平均产量分别由无任何处理对照的1 11     

微波辐射烟杆水蒸气法制活性炭工艺研究

采用正交试验法对影响木质活性炭性能的因素如微波辐射的功率、辐射时间、水蒸气流量等进行了系统研究，得到了最佳工艺条件：微波辐射功率700W，辐射时间6min，水蒸气流量为3．09mL／min。利用该工艺条件所制备的木质活性炭产率为20．74％，亚甲基蓝脱色率为160mL／g，碘吸附值为l018．7mg／g。该木质活性炭的微观孔隙呈蜂窝状，并向内部延伸，同时，柱状管壁上也有微细孔，将各柱状管道连为一体。结果表明：微波辐射法制备的活性炭比市售一级活性炭具有更发达的微孔隙结构。     

甘草茎叶的营养价值及其在反刍动物中的应用

甘草茎叶是豆科植物甘草的地上部分,甘草茎叶中含有黄酮、甘草酸、甘草甜素、甘草苷等生物活性物质,能够抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、降脂、增强免疫力。对甘草茎叶的营养价值及其在反刍动物饲料中的应用进行了综述。