中国粮食出口影响因素实证研究

利用计量经济模型,结合1991要2011 年的相关数据对中国粮食出口影响因素进行了实证研究,结果发 现,粮食贸易政策对我国粮食出口产生了显著影响,特别是1995 年和1996 年实施的粮食出口政策对粮食出口量产 生了显著的负向影响,2008 年以来我国实施的粮食出口控制措施对粮食出口量也产生了显著的负向影响。汇率和人 均粮食产量对我国粮食出口都有显著的负向影响,国际粮价对我国粮食出口没有显著影响。最后提出了相应的对策 建议。     

新时期我国农业政策的走向

从解放后我国农业政策发展的3个历史阶段和当代我国新农业政策的主要内容出发,分析了新时期我国农业政策走向。     

英国林业法规政策体系及启示

研究国外林业法规与政策有利于借鉴相关成功经验。文中概述英国全国性和地方性林业法规,分析人工造林、林地补助和绿色采购等林业政策及发展趋势,归纳乡村林业、城市林业发展和生物多样性保护等林业配套政策,总结英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士林业发展战略。英国林业法规层次分明体系完善、林业政策持续稳定与时俱进、配套政策系统全面效果明显、林业战略重视突出地方特色和实施森林可持续经营政策等5点启示对于指导我国林业法规制定和政策调整具有一定的参考作用。     

目前我国森林环境价值评价的难点及对策

概述了目前我国森林环境价值评价的理论基础和评价方法，并对其难点进行了分析，阐述了构建我国特色的评价理论框架及评价体系的必要性，指出只有建立森林生态环境定位观测站及其动态监测体系，才能科学计量、评估森林生态环境价值.     

关于我国农村扶贫政策与低保政策衔接问题的研究综述

对我国农村扶贫政策与低保政策及其衔接问题的相关文献进行梳理与综述,在此基础上提出了自己的观点:要将两项政策真正有效衔接必须要认识到贫困不仅只是一个单纯的经济收入问题,它涉及了社会资本、自然资源、基础设施、健康、教育、社会公正等许多因素,要用社会发展的眼光,以实证研究来发现问题、解决问题;要充分发挥贫困人群的作用,明确他们的所需与所想,如此才能更好的解决两项政策的衔接问题。     

The analysis of China wind power industry

The development course of China wind power industry is reviewed by six stages. National policies on wind power industry are elaborated from the aspects of laws & regulations, planning, finance & taxation and electrovalence policy. And these policies have played an important supporting and regulating role in the development of wind power industry. The development status of China wind power industry is analyzed based on wind turbine installed capacity, wind power output and their growth rate. It is explained that national wind turbine manufacturers have kept developing and become strong by the data of new global installed capacity share of mainland wind turbine manufacturers in 2013 and the new global market share of 8 domestic enterprises among the world top 15 wind turbine manufacturers. But there are still 5 key problems which influence the development of national wind turbine need to be solved, including lack of top-level design, abandon and restriction wind power seriously, lack of R&D abilities, some of the key parts relying on imports and wind turbine facing a quality guarantee dilemma. Taking Sinovel Wind Group Co. Ltd. and Xinjiang Goldwind Sci & Tech Co. Ltd., the two leading companies as an example, their performance is analyzed and it’s pointed out that the wind industry must keep vigilant after the overspeed development. The enterprises should try to avoid neglecting cultivating their inner core competitive ability, including technology advancements and products reliability. Occupying the market with low price competition and expanding blindly is also not desirable. At last, the development prospects of our country’s wind power industry are analyzed and three proposals are put forward.     

印度农产品贸易特征及其对中国的启示

近30年来,印度农业经历了由内向、封闭的政府主导发展战略向积极与世界经济融合的战略转变过程后,其农产品贸易得到了快速发展。从贸易特征的角度出发,对印度农产品贸易的规模、结构以及政策进行了分析和探讨。研究发现,印度农产品贸易规模不断扩大、结构逐渐变化、贸易政策限制逐渐减少等特征明显;结合中国农产品贸易现状,就挖掘中印双边市场、发展优势农产品精深加工、推进中印自由贸易区建设等提出若干建议。     

中国规模生猪养殖效率测度及其补贴政策效益评价研究

利用曼奎斯特指数和倍差法分析中国2001—2016年生猪补贴政策实施前后的生猪养殖效率,旨在科学地对中国生猪补贴政策效益进行评价。结果表明,在该时间段,中国大规模和中规模生猪养殖的规模效率总体上略有增长,技术效率和纯技术效率下降明显;生猪养殖规模不同,其全要素生产效率变化也有所差异;大、中规模生猪养殖的技术效率变化指数波动幅度并不大,但是全要素生产率和技术进步变化指数波动幅度大,且两者都呈现出同步变化趋势;生猪补贴政策整体上降低了生猪养殖的规模化效率。进一步研究发现,饲料等要素投入的多少对不同规模生猪养殖的规模效率影响差异显著,表现为投入越多,生猪养殖规模效率越大。地域GDP越高,大规模和中规模生猪的养殖规模效率也会越大,而且生猪调出大县奖励和畜牧标准化养殖补贴政策降低了大规模和中规模生猪养殖的规模效率。由此可知,中国生猪养殖规模效率的提升并不能过多地依赖于生猪补贴政策,而应该更多地从根本上提高养殖技术。     

Land degradation assessment in Southern Africa: integrating local and scientific knowledge bases

Recent attempts to address land degradation have seen calls for greater integration of scientific expertise with local knowledges. In this paper we investigate the potential for such combined understandings to enhance the accuracy, coverage and relevance of land degradation assessment. We followed a participatory approach, using methods from a variety of disciplines, to elicit potential land degradation indicators from communities in Botswana and Swaziland. These indicators were then assessed according to local and scientific understandings. We noted a significant overlap between scientific and local knowledges about land degradation in most instances. Where discrepancies occurred, the integrated participatory approach we used allows appropriate explanation to be reached, supporting the case that such an iterative process can lead to both accurate and relevant monitoring of land degradation. However, the incorporation of integrated knowledges into national policy has not been widespread in either country, suggesting that much greater efforts are required to institutionalise participatory land degradation assessment methodologies. Powerful, often neo‐Malthusian narratives of degradation continue to dominate policy discourse and limit the extent to which hybrid combined local and scientific knowledges can enhance land degradation assessment on a national and regional scale. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海峡两岸粮食政策与制度比较

海峡两岸尽管政治制度和经济发展模式不同，但由于粮食问题在国计民生中所处的特殊地位，几十年来两岸始终将粮食问题置于社会与经济发展的首位。大陆地区的粮食政策与制度在近半个世纪的历程中走过了艰难曲折的发展道路，取得了显著的成绩，也有明显的失误。同样，台湾地区的粮食政策与制度也经历了反复的波折与探索，有丰富的经验和教训。两者在一些方面有很大的相似性，而在某些方面却有很大的差异，有许多做法是可以相互学习和借鉴的。