Molecular tracing confirms that infection with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus follows the smolt from hatchery to grow‐out farm

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is an important restraint to production of salmonids in aquaculture globally. In order to implement efficacious mitigation strategies for control of this disease, it is important to understand infection routes under current production systems. IPN virus has been shown to be transmitted vertically in Rainbow trout, from broodstock to fingerlings in hatcheries, and there is circumstantial evidence suggesting that vertical transmission can also occur in Atlantic salmon, in addition to horizontal transmission between grow‐out fish in farms. In this study, we show that the smolt carries infection with IPN from hatchery to the marine farm. We do this by comparing sequences from fish groups taken both in hatcheries and on corresponding marine grow‐out farms. We use statistical analysis to prove that sequences obtained from the same fish group in both hatchery and marine farm are more similar than sequences obtained from random fish groups on hatcheries and marine farms.     

鱼类好斗性分子调控机制的研究进展

好斗性是一种适应性行为特征,对于配偶、食物和领地的竞争以及社群等级的建立非常重要。其中社群等级不仅在一定程度上反映了个体的生理状况,也避免了过度的好斗行为带来的相应伤害,所以好斗性也是一种处于稳定性选择的特征。在遗传学上,好斗性作为一种数量性状,在包括人在内的各种动物中均表现出了较高的遗传率。但是好斗行为的表现却受环境和遗传因素的共同影响,因此有必要将人类和不同物种的好斗性研究相结合,才能更好地解释动物好斗性复杂的分子调控机制。本文介绍了鱼类好斗性的判别方法,并综述了与鱼类好斗性相关的分子通路及基因类别的研究概况,内容包括5-羟色胺通路、多巴胺通路、组胺通路、生长激素抑制素通路、一氧化氮通路、下丘脑-神经垂体系统通路、下丘脑-垂体-肾间轴通路、下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴通路和其他相关基因,以期为深入研究鱼类好斗性分子调控机制提供一定的理论参考。     

Extraction and Characterization of Phospholipid-Enriched Oils from Antarctic Krill (Euphausia Superba) with Different Solvents

Krill oils (KOs) were extracted from Antarctic krill using ethanol, hexane, or their mixture (1:2, v/v) with yields of 21.32%, 8.50%, and 18.75%, respectively. The total nitrogen content of the aforementioned oils was 2.76%, 1.06%, and 1.87%, respectively, indicating the presence of lipoprotein. All KOs contained a high proportion of phospholipid (PL) (30.20–64.82% of total lipids) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (30.00–34.94% of total FAs). Among PL, phosphatidylcholine was dominant (89.81–90.60 mol %). In contrast, KO extracted with the mixed solvent had the highest amount of glycerophosphocholine species containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).     

植物黄酮醇生物合成及其调控研究进展

植物黄酮醇具有广泛生物活性,其生物合成及其调控研究日益增多,逐渐成为热点。对黄酮醇生物合成关键酶（FLS、F3H、F3′H、F3′5′H、UGT）和调控因子（如MYB等转录因子）相关的生化与分子生物学研究进展进行总结,重点对相关结构基因和转录因子对黄酮醇积累发挥关键作用的试验证据进行归纳,探索调控黄酮醇物质积累的有效途径及靶标分子,以期为利用基因工程定向积累具有重要生物学功能的黄酮醇物质提供参考。     

Pythium yorkensis sp. nov., a potential soybean pathogen from southeastern Pennsylvania,USA

Biodiversity surveys of natural as well as agricultural ecosystems commonly reveal novel isolates. A new species, Pythium yorkensis sp. nov., is reported here, isolated from field soil during a survey of oomycete diversity in symptomless soybean across southeastern Pennsylvania. Molecular data from both mitochondrial and nuclear loci support a unique phylogenetic position for the isolates collected, and morphological features distinguish this new species from close relatives in Pythium clade J. Pathogenicity assays suggest that this new species may be a potential agricultural pathogen, as isolates were mildly aggressive on soybean. This study highlights the continued need for culture‐based surveys in collaboration with high‐throughput sequence‐based approaches for environmental sampling.     

Triggering the biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea by Trichoderma harzianum through inhibition of pathogenicity and virulence related proteins

This study reports a strain of Trichoderma harzianum CCTCC-SBW0162 with potential to enhance biocontrol activity against gray mold pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, and with a pivotal role in tomato (Solanum esculentum) plant growth enhancement. A total of 254 Trichoderma isolates were screened by in vitro antagonistic assay. Of these, 10 were selected for greenhouse experiments based on their greater inhibition of B. cinerea. The in vitro antagonistic assay and greenhouse experiments indicated that T. harzianum CCTCC-SBW0162 gave the highest inhibition rate (90.6%) and disease reduction (80.7%). Also, to study the possible mechanism associated with antifungal activity of CCTCC-SBW0162 against B. cinerea, molecular docking was used to assess the interactions between CCTCC-SBW0162-derived metabolites, and pathogencity and virulence related proteins of B. cinerea. The molecular docking results indicated that the combination of harzianopyridone, harzianolide and anthraquinone C derived from CCTCC-SBW0162 could synergistically improve antifungal activity against B. cinerea through the inhibition/modification of pathogenicity and virulence related proteins. However, this computerized modeling work emphasized the need for further study in the laboratory to confirm the effect T. harzianum-derived metabolites against the proteins of B. cinerea and their interactions.     

植物miR172家族成员进化与分子特性分析

为了解植物miR172家族成员的进化与分子特性,对mi Rbase数据库中37个物种的161个miR172前体序列和196个miR172成熟体序列进行进化规律分析,并对植物miR172家族的保守基序、二级结构和靶基因进行预测分析。结果表明:miR172家族成员分布的37个物种都是被子植物,被子植物很可能是miR172家族进化来源的祖先。进化分析表明,植物miR172家族成员序列相似性是其聚类的首要影响因素,其次才是物种差异的影响。植物miR172家族成员成熟体序列分析表明,5p臂上形成的成熟体序列特异性较大,3p臂上形成的成熟体序列保守性较高。二级结构分析发现,植物miR172家族成员具有典型的茎环二级结构,且茎序列的保守性较环序列高。植物miR172前体序列包含1个UNCG环。靶基因预测分析发现,同一物种不同miR172成员的靶基因可能不同;不同物种miR172的靶基因也可能不同,AP2或AP2-like出现频率最高,其次还有arginine decarboxylase 1、Pathogenesis-related、MYB84等靶基因,表明其靶基因功能的多样性。     

海南50个甘蔗品种黄叶病毒的分子鉴定

为明确国家甘蔗体系集成示范及区试甘蔗品种在海南省被甘蔗黄叶病毒(SCYLV)侵染情况及病毒基因型类型,从集成示范及区试的50个甘蔗品种上采集带有显著病症或不显病症样品50份,采用特异引物通过RT-PCR方法进行甘蔗黄叶病毒检测和病毒基因型鉴定。结果表明:50个甘蔗品种中有31个被检测到SCYLV,检出率为62%;病毒基因型有古巴(CUP)基因型、巴西-秘鲁(BAR-PER)基因型和留尼汪岛(REU)基因型3种,主要以CUP基因型为主,占58.06%,其次是BAR-PER基因型,占51.61%,REU基因型最少,占29.03%;未发现CHN1、CHN2、CHN3基因型。另外,不同基因型混合侵染现象普遍存在,总混合侵染率达32.26%。可见,海南国家甘蔗体系集成示范及区试甘蔗品种严重感染甘蔗黄叶病毒(SCYLV),且存在不同基因型混合侵染,建议推广种植脱毒种苗来控制甘蔗黄叶病的发生。本研究为在海南蔗区推广和种植甘蔗脱毒种苗及抗病育种提供了理论支持。      

基于SLAF-seq技术的苦瓜白粉病SNP分子标记开发

以高抗白粉病苦瓜MC18和高感白粉病MC105杂交构建遗传分离群体,利用SLAF-seq技术进行深度测序,开发与抗白粉病性状紧密关联的SNP分子标记。结果表明:测序共获得各样品的有效reads为10.48 Mb,获得高质量的SLAF标签91 856个,其中多态性SLAF标签5 502个,多态性比例为5.99%。通过对多态性SLAF标签进行关联分析,筛选出与苦瓜白粉病抗病性状紧密关联的SNP位点共29个。根据关联分析结果 ,通过四引物扩增受阻突变体系PCR技术进行SNP位点多态性的验证,其中Marker4542、Marker11188分子标记特异性强、灵敏度高、稳定性好,建立一套简便快捷的苦瓜SNP分型方法。该方法可对苦瓜育种材料进行分子标记辅助选择,以进一步提高苦瓜抗病育种效率。