QTL Mapping for Rice Hull Thickness and Related Traits in Hybrid RiceXieyou 9308简

We conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of 165 rice recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Zhonghui 9308 (Z9308) and Xieqingzao B (XB) in Hainan and Hangzhou, China. Grain thickness (GT), brown rice thickness (BRT), hull thickness (HT) and milling quality were used for QTL mapping. HT was significantly and positively correlated with GT and BRT. Twenty-nine QTLs were detected with phenotypic effects ranging from 2.80% to 21.27%. Six QTLs, qGT3, qBRT3, qBRT4, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11, were detected repeatedly across two environments. Inherited from XB, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11 showed stable expression, explaining 9.92%, 21.27% and 10.83% of the phenotypic variances in Hainan and 9.61%, 6.40% and 6.71% in Hangzhou, respectively. Additionally, the QTL cluster between RM5944 and RM5626 on chromosome 3 was probably responsible for GT and milling quality. The cluster between RM6992 and RM6473 on chromosome 4 played an important role in grain filling. Three near isogenic lines (NILs), X345, X338 and X389, were selected because they contained homozygous fragments from Zhonghui 9308, corresponding to qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11, respectively. The hull of XB was thicker than those of X345, X338 and X389. In all the lines, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11 that regulated rice HT were stably inherited with obvious genetic effects.     

小麦EST—SSRs分子标记的特性及其遗传作图

为了解普通小麦EST来源的微卫星的多样性,从大约1000个包含微卫星的ESTs中设计了300对引物,研究和评估了它们的多态性水平,并且将多态性标记加入到现有的遗传图谱中。在五种不同类型的重复单元中,三个碱基的重复单元出现最多,占到77％。几乎所有的EST—SSRs标记（99．3％）的重复单元都含有G-C碱基对。37．4％的微卫星都是四次重复。对于扩增和多态性,300对引物中有60对没有扩增,21．3％的扩增引物没能产生预期的扩增片断。58％的标记至少在所用8个材料的一个中显示出多态性。W7984和Opata组合表现出最高的多态性水平。大多数普通小麦EST—SSRs标记的重复次数小于10,并且4次重复是最为普遍的。81个新的EST—SSR位点被添加到两个已有的参照遗传图谱中（62个加到ITMI,19个加到CTCS）。研究结果表明小麦EST-SSRs标记展示了一些不同于基因组微卫星的特异特征,在标记发展和其他遗传应用中,这就使得它们能够成为一种非常有价值的资源。     

Scalarane-Type Sesterterpenoids from the Marine Sponge Lendenfeldia sp. Alleviate Inflammation in Human Neutrophils

Sponge-derived scalaranes are remarkable sesterterpenoids previously found to exhibit profound inhibitory effects against neutrophilic inflammation. In our current work, we constructed the metabolomic profile of marine sponge Lendenfeldia sp. for the first time using a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) molecular networking approach. The results highlighted the rich chemical diversity of these scalaranes, motivating us to conduct further research to discover novel scalaranes targeting neutrophilic inflammation. MS- and NMR-assisted isolation and elucidation led to the discovery of seven new homoscalaranes, lendenfeldaranes K–Q (1–7), characterized by methylation at C-24, together with five known derivatives, lendenfeldarane B (8), 25-nor-24-methyl-12,24-dioxoscalar-16-en-22-oic acid (9), 24-methyl-12,24,25-trioxoscalar-16-en-22-oic acid (10), felixin B (11), and 23-hydroxy-20-methyldeoxoscalarin (12). Scalaranes 1–4 and 6–12 were assayed against superoxide anion generation and elastase release, which represented the neutrophilic inflammatory responses of respiratory burst and degranulation, respectively. The results indicated that 1–3 and 6–12 exhibited potential anti-inflammatory activities (IC₅₀ for superoxide anion scavenging: 0.87~6.57 μM; IC₅₀ for elastase release: 1.12~6.97 μM).     

土壤环境中的小分子有机酸及其环境效应

小分子有机酸是土壤环境中一类重要的活性物质。土壤中的小分子有机酸主要来源于植物根系的分泌、动植物残体的分解、微生物的分泌与合成、土壤中有机物的转化等,其组成比较复杂,主要为脂肪族和芳香族羧酸,且在土壤中的含量较低(小于10 mmol/kg)。土壤中的小分子有机酸具有重要的环境效应,除对土壤中重金属的迁移、毒性和生物有效性有影响外,同时还对有机污染物的迁移、转化和降解也有一定的影响,其作用机制不同。本文对土壤环境中的小分子有机酸的来源、种类及其环境效应等进行综合阐述,并对小分子有机酸的进一步研究进行展望。     

生物制图的应用与发展

总结了生物制图的特点、古代生物图谱的应用与继承及传统生物制图的基本方法,提出了现代生物制图必须引进新技术、新方法,使现代技术与传统手段相结合,实现生物制图技术的突破。     

基于文献计量学的我国2006-2015年植物分子生物学研究态势分析

植物分子生物学是植物基因工程的理论基础,对作物遗传改良、新品种培育有重要的指导意义,总结我国植物分子生物学科研论文产出,客观评价我国在该研究领域的基础研究水平及影响力,了解发展现状和变化趋势,对我国种业自主创新有重要意义。以Web of Science 数据库为文献来源,检索了2006-2015年间我国研究人员在植物分子生物学领域发表的高水平研究文献,用文献计量学方法分析了我国论文产出数量和影响力的现状及发展态势,并与世界主要国家进行对比,同时对该领域内我国科学家发文期刊、高产作者、高产机构、资助来源和国际合作情况的分布特征进行描述,并揭示了我国植物分子生物学研究领域的研究热点。结果表明：过去十年间我国植物分子生物学领域发展迅速,我国科学家发表的影响因子大于4.0的论文共计3 841篇,占全球总数的16.74%,全球排名第二,且年度发表量呈现逐年递增的趋势,从2012年开始跃居全球第二,与美国的差距日益缩小。论文影响力也得到了提升,但与荷兰、英国等世界领先水平国家仍有较大差距。通过本研究进一步把握了植物分子生物学全球发展格局,挖掘出我国在该领域的一批优势机构和领军人才,理清我国国际合作关系,追溯资助来源,探测研究热点,识别我国在领域内的国际地位,找到优势和潜力,并发现问题和差距,以期为植物分子生物学学科发展提供参考。     

利用RAPD技术对碧桃种质资源的分析

利用RAPD技术,采用从200个随机引物中筛选的22个随机引物对8个碧桃类型的基因组DNA进行扩增,通过扩增的180个位点的谱带的聚类,分析供试碧桃的系统发育,并运用特殊谱带,建立了碧桃的分子检索表,并提出了重点保存的碧桃种质。     

分子印迹固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定牛奶中四环素类抗生素残留

采用分子印迹技术合成四环素类分子印迹聚合物,以其为填料制备固相萃取柱,运用高效液相色谱法测定牛奶中的四环素类抗生素。具体地,以盐酸强力霉素为模板分子、甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,采用沉淀聚合法在丙酮-乙腈混合溶液中制备具有特异性吸附能力的分子印迹聚合物,通过高效液相色谱仪检测其吸附四环素类抗生素的能力,并将其作为填料制备固相萃取柱,用于牛奶中四环素类抗生素残留检测。结果显示,四环素类抗生素在0.05~10.0 μg·mL^-1范围内线性良好,加标回收率为79.4%~86.3%,相对标准偏差均小于3.8%,准确性较好。四环素和土霉素的检出限为0.02 μg·mL^-1,金霉素的检出限为0.05 μg·mL^-1,检测灵敏度高,特异性识别能力强。     

Study on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Gadus morrhua Skin Collagen and Molecular Weight Distribution of Hydrolysates

Process parameters on enzymatic hydrolysis and molecular weight （MW） distribution of collagen hydrolysates from Gadus morrhua skin were investigated. The optimal process parameters were obtained by the single-factor and orthogonal experiments. The molecular weight distribution of hydrolysates was determined using both Sephadex G25 partition and high speed liquid chromatography electricity spray mass spectrum （HPLC-ESI-MS）. Collagen hydrolysates were first gained by an alkaline protease ＂alcalase＂ for 3 h at temperature （50~C）, pH （10.0）, substrate concentration （75 g L-~）, and E/S （3%）. The molecular weight distribution of collagen hydrolysates ranged from 300 to 1 500 Da, and most of peptides were under 1 200 Da. Sephadex G25 partition and HPLC-ESI-MS should be successfully employed to determine the molecular weight distribution of collagen hydrolysates.