Effect of a Large Dose of Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on Hepatic Peroxisome in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca Fascicularis)

To elucidate the effect of a large dose of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonist, on hepatic peroxisomes, we orally administered 1,000 mg/kg/day, once daily, to 3 male and 4 female cynomolgus monkeys for 28 days consecutively. Light-microscopic and electron microscopic examinations of the liver were carried out in conjunction with measurement of the hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation system (FAOS), carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activities, which are peroxisomal and/or mitochondrial enzyme activities. Electron microscopically, enlargement of the mitochondria was observed with lamellar orientation of the cristae along the major axis. Although the number of peroxisomes showed a tendency to increase when compared with those in a biopsied specimen before treatment, no abnormality in morphology was observed. A slight increase in CPT activity was noted at termination. No changes were noted in hepatic FAOS or CAT activity. In conclusion, although repeated oral treatment of cynomolgus monkeys with a large dose of DEHP induced a subtle increase in the numbers of peroxisomes with slight enlargements of the mitochondria, this low-sensitivity response to peroxisome proliferators in cynomolgus monkeys was considered to be closer to the response in humans than that in rodents.     

干旱胁迫对银沙槐幼苗叶绿体和线粒体超微结构及膜脂过氧化的影响

以沙生植物银沙槐(Ammodendron argenteum)幼苗为实验材料,利用透射电镜技术,结合丙二醛(MDA)和细胞膜透性的测定,观察干旱胁迫对银沙槐子叶期幼苗的叶肉细胞及下胚轴细胞超微结构的变化,分析干旱胁迫对银沙槐幼苗细胞超微结构和膜脂过氧化的影响。结果显示:随着干旱胁迫的加剧,叶绿体变形、外被膜波浪状、断裂不完整。同时,基粒和基质类囊体膜结构模糊,基粒弯曲、膨胀、排列混乱;线粒体膜完整性低、内部嵴消失、空泡化。细胞膜透性和膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量均升高,显著高于对照(P0.05),细胞膜结构受到破坏,细胞膜脂过氧化作用增强。子叶的细胞膜透性和MDA含量显著高于下胚轴(P0.05),细胞器形态变化早于下胚轴,表明下胚轴耐旱性相对于子叶较强。子叶中线粒体受损晚于叶绿体,线粒体的耐旱性要比叶绿体强。不同组织间及同一组织不同细胞器之间对干旱胁迫反应的差异,可能是植物组织细胞应对外界不利环境的一种防御反应。干旱胁迫下超微结构的变化反映了细胞内膜系统的紊乱和伤害,而膜系统的伤害可能是脂质过氧化作用增强的结果。     

线粒体分子标记技术在水产养殖行业的应用

分子标记技术的使用在分子层面上对水产动物进行深度剖析,推动了水产行业的发展和创新.对线粒体分子标记技术的种类、构造和它们在水产行业中各个方面的应用方式进行了综述,探讨了线粒体分子标记技术在起源演化、亲缘和亲权关系、遗传距离和遗传多样性等方面的研究,并比较了不同线粒体分子标记技术的区别,讨论了该分子标记技术在未来水产行业中的发展前景.     

福建省烟粉虱生物型鉴定

采用m tDNA分子标记技术以及西葫芦银叶测定方法,对从福建省8个具有代表性地理区域采集的烟粉虱样品进行生物型鉴定.结果表明:8个烟粉虱种群在m tDNA COⅠ基因720 bp片段序列上的所有位点都相同,它们与Texas-B、Israel-B、Ind ia-B、Morocco-B、France-B1、France-B2、Be ijing-B、Argentina-B、Reun ion-B1、Reun ion-B2、Reun ion-B3等11个B型烟粉虱种群在m tDNA COⅠ基因720 bp序列上的差异很小(序列相似性为99.6%-100%),总体上属于同一进化枝;与Morocco-Q、Colomb ia-A1、Colomb ia-A2烟粉虱种群在m tDNA COⅠ基因720 bp序列上差异较大,分别属于不同的进化枝;8个烟粉虱种群均可引起典型的西葫芦银叶症状.说明福建省8个烟粉虱种群均属于B生物型.     

Effect of infectious bursal disease virus infection on energy metabolism in embryonic chicken livers

ABSTRACT

1. The purpose of this study was to investigate ATP levels and the activities of important enzymes involved in glycolysis and TCA cycle in livers of embryonated chicken eggs infected by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV).

2. Embryonated chicken eggs (9 days) were randomly divided into two groups (50 eggs per group). The first group was inoculated with a very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) isolate into the chorioallantoic membrane. The second group was maintained as uninfected control eggs and inoculated with physiological saline. Embryo survival was assessed daily, and six embryos were sacrificed at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hpi for examining livers. Viral loads in the livers were evaluated by qRT-PCR. A comparative analysis of markers associated with the regulation of energy metabolism across several functional classes (ATP, pyruvic and lactic acids, mitochondrial protein, NAD+/NADH ratios, and enolase, lactic acid dehydrogenase and the respiratory chain complex I activities) were examined in the context of IBDV infection.

3. The results indicated that increases in the enzymatic activities associated with glycolytic metabolism in turn affected the synthesis and cytoplasmic concentrations of ATP at early timepoints in infected chicken embryos. Subsequently, energy metabolism was inhibited through the pathological perturbations of metabolic enzymes and mitochondrial damage, as inferred from reduced ATP generation.

4. These results suggested impaired bioenergetics, which may lead to liver dysfunction consequent to IBDV infection, contributing to the disease pathogenesis.     

Histopathology of acute colchicine intoxication: novel findings and their association with clinical manifestations

A 32-year-old woman attempted suicide by ingesting Gloriosa bulbs and died approximately 2 days later. Toxicological examination revealed a potentially fatal blood concentration of colchicine (0.096 mg/L). In addition to the increased mitotic figures in the gastrointestinal mucosa, a unique finding for acute colchicine intoxication, pathological examination showed microvesicular lipid droplets in the liver, kidney, heart, and conduction system. Furthermore, central chromatolysis of neurons was observed in the pontine nucleus, medial accessory olivary nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, and nucleus ambiguus. Grumose degeneration of the cerebellar dentate nucleus was also evident. These pathological findings may help identify colchicine intoxication, even in the absence of evidence suggesting ingestion during autopsy. Moreover, pathological changes in the heart and central nervous system may be associated with the development of serious complications of acute colchicine intoxication.     

不同海拔地区牦牛心肌、骨骼肌GSH-PX的测定

在西宁屠宰场对来自青海省两个不同海拔县牦牛心肌和骨骼肌线粒体内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性进行测定。结果表明,海拔4300m左右的玛多县牦牛心肌、骨骼肌GSH-PX分别为20.15U.mg-1±5.43U.mg-1和15.32U.mg-1±4.27U.mg-1,海拔3400m左右的刚察县牦牛心肌、骨骼肌GSH-PX分别为6.67U.mg-1±5.67U.mg-1和7.76U.mg-1±4.83U.mg-1;玛多牦牛的心肌、骨骼肌组织线粒体的GSH-PX活性显著高于刚察牦牛(P<0.05)。在高原低氧环境下,牦牛体内GSH-PX活性与海拔高度呈正相关。     

线粒体超微病变与线粒体病

线粒体是一个结构复杂且敏感多变的细胞器。内、外环境的变化,会引起线粒体结构和功能异常,因此有关其超微病变和生理功能方面的研究一直持续不断,且发展迅速,其研究结果在临床上常作为疾病诊断的指标。现已发现线粒体超微病变和生理功能异常与不同疾病如艾滋病、癌症、心脏病等之间有关联。研究线粒体超微病变对简化诊断步骤、判断病变性质、分析病因、探讨治疗及估计预后等都有重要意义。作者主要从线粒体超微病变、线粒体病几方面进行综述。     

茭白线粒体蛋白双向电泳体系建立

[目的]建立适合于茭白线粒体蛋白质组分析的双向电泳技术体系,为进一步开展茭白线粒体差异蛋白质组学研究提供参考.[方法]以茭白为试验材料,比较不同线粒体提取纯化方法、IPG胶条pH范围及蛋白上样量等条件对双向电泳图谱的影响.[结果]差速离心(3000~14000×g)联合Percoll不连续密度梯度离心(20%∶24%∶40%=2∶4∶2)对茭白线粒体的提取纯化效果优于仅采用差速离心.采用改良酚抽法提取茭白线粒体蛋白,17 cm、pH 3~10的IPG胶条,1.0 mg上样量,12% SDS-PAGE进行双向电泳,0.12%考马斯亮蓝G-250胶体考染法染色,茭白线粒体蛋白主要分布在pH 4~8范围内,pH 3~4和pH 8~10范围内蛋白点较少;进一步选用pH 4~7和pH 5~8的IPG胶条对茭白线粒体蛋白进行双向电泳,分离效果均明显提高,且pH 4~7范围内IPG胶条的双向电泳图谱清晰,蛋白点分辨率较高.分别采用0.8、1.0和1.2 mg 3个不同的上样量进行双向电泳,结果表明上样量为1.0 mg时,电泳图谱质量最好.[结论]通过差速离心联合Percoll不连续密度梯度离心提取纯化茭白线粒体,并控制好双向电泳体系的pH范围、上样量等因素,可获得蛋白质点清晰、分辨率高、重复性好的双向电泳图谱.     

东帕米尔高原地区藏兔群体遗传进化分析

旨在利用分子遗传学方法检测东帕米尔高原地区极端环境对当地藏兔群体的遗传多样性、遗传结构及遗传分化的影响,为帕米尔高原物种多样性和遗传多样性的保护提供研究资料.本研究通过PCR扩增及测序技术测定东帕米尔高原地区藏兔的线粒体CO1与ND4基因序列,使用相关生物信息学软件进行数据分析.结果表明,东帕米尔高原地区4个采样点37...