Evaluation of pedotransfer and measurement approaches to avoid soil compaction

On-farm approaches are needed to help farmers avoid soil compaction. It is the purpose of this paper to document the experience of using the Horn and Fleige [Horn, R., Fleige, H., 2003. A method for assessing the impact of load on mechanical stability and on physical properties of soils. Soil Till. Res. 73, 89–99] procedures to develop improved guidance to help farmers avoid compaction in agricultural operations in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, USA. A soil characterization database for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, USA, was used to provide input to the Horn and Fleige [Horn, R., Fleige, H., 2003. A method for assessing the impact of load on mechanical stability and on physical properties of soils. Soil Till. Res. 73, 89–99] approach to estimate the pre-consolidation stress and the maximum depth of compaction for 29 agricultural soils in Pennsylvania. The Horn and Fleige [Horn, R., Fleige, H., 2003. A method for assessing the impact of load on mechanical stability and on physical properties of soils. Soil Till. Res. 73, 89–99] approach was tentatively validated using previously measured pre-consolidation stress or penetration resistance values measured on five of the 29 soils. The estimated maximum depth of compaction indicated that an 89-kN (10-ton) axle load was excessive in almost all cases for soils at matric potentials of −33 and −6 kPa for both tillage and no-till management. A 53-kN (6-ton) axle load was acceptable for most cases when tillage was planned to a 0.20-m depth, but was excessive in most cases for no-till management at a matric potential of −6 kPa while mostly acceptable for no-till management at a matric potential of −33 kPa. Penetration resistance measurements are recommended to decide when a load is excessive.     

中部产业集聚区转型中的政府职能研究——以内黄县陶瓷园区为例

中部地区要大力加快产业集聚区提质转型,政府职能的充分发挥显得尤其重要。通过对河南省内黄县陶瓷产业园区的实地调查走访发现,地方政府在履职中存在信息沟通障碍、融资难、创新能力弱、治理环境污染不力等多方面的问题。因此,政府必须根据社会经济和政策的环境变化转变职能,提升创新能力,成功促进地方产业集聚区的转型升级。     

Biological Functions of TLRs in Mammalian Ovulation Processes

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is the main category of pattern recognition receptors.It is not only expressed in classical immune cells,but also expressed in the ovary and the genital tract of a variety of mammals.It plays an important role in ovarian activities.Biological functions of TLRs in the ovulation processes is the main research content in the field of reproductive immunology because that ovulation is a core event in ovarian activities and the key to determine the success or failure of reproductive.This review will concentrate on expression and distribution of TLRs in mammalian ovary,regulation mechanisms of TLRs expression and function,and the functions and significance of the ovulation process.Then we analyze briefly its possible functions in ovulation-related diseases.We want to provide a reference in research areas of reproductive immunology.     

植物LPATs基因研究进展

植物溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶(lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, LPAT)是三酰甘油(triglycerides,TAG)生物合成的重要限速酶,在脂质合成、种子发育及生物膜合成等方面具有重要的作用。目前,LPAT基因已在多种植物中被克隆,其编码的蛋白根据亚细胞定位大致可分为质体和微体两大类。文章综述了近年来国内外植物LPAT基因,包括拟南芥LPAT基因的染色体定位和基因结构,植物LPAT酶的底物选择性、表达调节及其生理功能,并对其在TAG生物合成的研究进行分析和展望。     

Interaction of GH polymorphism with body weight and endocrine functions in Japanese black calves

We assessed the interaction of GH gene polymorphisms (AA, AB and BB genotypes) with body weight and measures of endocrine function in Japanese black calves at 10 months of age. The average body weight for the BB genotype (281+/-5 kg) was significantly lower (P=0.0017, ANOVA) than those for the AA (324+/-9 kg) and AB (317+/-7 kg) genotypes. Plasma concentrations of insulin and IGF-I were greater for the AA genotype than for the AB genotype, and AB and BB genotypes, respectively. There were significant differences in the triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations among the GH genotypes. The area under the basal GH concentration was significantly greater (P=0.0314) for the AA genotype than for the two other genotypes. The incremental area over the basal GH concentrations in response to intravenous GHRH injection (0.4 microg/kg BW) was significantly smaller (P=0.0005) for the BB genotype than for the two other genotypes. In addition, linear regression analysis between GH incremental area induced by GHRH and body weight demonstrated that there was a positive linear correlation (r=0.6496, P<0.002) for incremental areas less than 600 ng min/ml, but a negative correlation (r=0.6473, P<0.05) for incremental areas over 600 ng min/ml. These findings indicate that the GH genotypes of the animals could be associated with difference in the GH response in Japanese black cattle at 10 months of age. We also observed a relationship between genotype and animal performances, but other studies on more animals in different conditions must be realized to make a definite conclusion.     

鸡胸腺肽的提取及其生物学活性的初步研究

采用两种不同的方法提取鸡胸腺肽,计算胸腺肽得率,鉴定和比较提取物的生物学活性。结果显示,两种方法的提取物在体外不仅能使脱E受体的淋巴细胞恢复其E受体的功能,并能促进体外培养的淋巴细胞增殖;而且能增强鸡的淋巴细胞增殖能力,增加鸡外周血中γ-干扰素的含量。除了E玫瑰花环实验,各项体内外的活性检测均显示第二批鸡胸腺肽具有较高的活性,并且与购买的人用胸腺肽相当。本研究的结果表明,提取方法二操作简便,产率高,其提取物生物学活性较高,可用于兽医临床研究。     

Modelling cumulative egg production in laying hens and parent stocks of broiler chickens using classical growth functions

ABSTRACT

1. The objective of the present study is to introduce fresh insight into modelling of egg production by applying classical growth functions to egg production records reported by Aviagen Management Guide to laying hens and the parent stock of broiler chickens.

2. The functions (monomolecular, logistic, Gompertz, Richards and Morgan) were fitted using nonlinear regression procedures of SAS software, and their performance was assessed using goodness-of-fit statistics (coefficient of determination, residual mean squares, Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion).

3. Overall, except for the logistic and Gompertz, the growth functions evaluated gave an acceptable fit to the cumulative egg production curves, with the Morgan equation ranking first followed by the Richards equation. The Morgan and Richards equations provided satisfactory predictions of weekly egg yield at different egg production stages, from early to late production, whereas the least accurate estimates were obtained with the logistic equation.

4. In conclusion, classical growth functions proved feasible alternatives to fit cumulative egg production curves of laying hens and parent stock of broiler chickens, resulting in suitable statistical performance and accurate estimates of production.     

Effects of different β-adrenergic receptors on cardiac systolic and diastolic functions in hypoxic stress rats

AIM:To explore the effects of different β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) on the left and right ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in rats under acute hypoxic stress. METHODS:The healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=7):control group, non-selected β-AR blocker propranolol group, selected β₁-AR blocker atenolol group and selected β₂-AR blocker ICI 118,551 group, and then the rats were exposed to normoxia (20.9% O₂, 79.1% N₂) and hypoxia (15.0% O₂, 85.0% N₂) condition respectively at the altitude of 2 260 m (Xining, China). The heart rate (HR), the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), and the maximum raise/decline rate of left and right ventricular pressure (±dp/dt_max) were monitored, and the arterial blood gas in normoxia and hypoxia condition were compared to explore the effect of β-AR on the left and right ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in acute hypoxic stress rats. RESULTS:Under normoxia condition, the LVSP, ±dp/dt_max of left ventricular were decreased in propranolol group, atenolol group and ICI 118,551 group, the RVSP and ±dp/dt_max of right ventricle were decreased in propranolol group and atenolol group (P<0.05). Under hypoxia condition, the PaO₂, LVSP, ±dp/dt_max of left ventricle were decreased in all groups compared with the normoxia group, and the ±dp/dt_max of right ventricle was increased in all groups (P<0.05), also the degree of index change in control group was more obvious than that in propranolol group and atenolol group. CONCLUSION:The activation of β₁-AR is an important compensatory regulation for heart function during hypoxic stress. However, the compensatory enhancement of right heart function under acute hypoxia condition which through tonogenic dilation is more significant for maintaining the normal circulating blood flow.