中小果型无籽西瓜新品种博帅的选育

博帅系湖南博达隆科技发展有限公司以9048为母本、M-2为父本杂交育成的中小果型黄瓤无籽西瓜新品种。该品种全生育期90d左右,雌花开放至果实成熟约需27d。植株生长势中强,抗病抗逆性强。果实短椭圆形,果形指数1.2。果皮浅绿底覆绿色齿条带,厚度0.9cm,硬韧,耐贮运。瓤色鲜黄,质脆爽口,纤维少,无籽性能好;中心可溶性固形物12%～13%,边部9%～9.5%。单果质量4kg左右,667m2产量2700kg左右。适应性广,全国各地均可栽培。2009年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:湘审西瓜2009002。     

Reproductive season and female maturity size of coconut crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Birgus latro</Emphasis> on Hatoma Island,southern Japan

Information about reproductive season, size at sexual maturity and size-dependent reproductive potentials is important for efficient resource management. Such information is necessary to determine seasonal closures and minimum legal size limits. To conserve resources of coconut crab Birgus latro, which are in danger of extinction due to excessive exploitation, their reproductive season, female size at functional maturity and relationship between female size and reproductive potentials were investigated. The reproductive season started in early June and ended late August, and females with higher reproductive potentials showed a tendency to spawn early in the reproductive season. The prohibition of exploiting the resources during the reproductive season, especially early in the season, would be appropriate for sustainability of high reproductive outputs. Fifty percent of investigated females matured functionally at 24.5-mm thoracic length (TL). However, the size at which all females reached functional maturity was 32.3 mm TL, and there was a wide variation in the size of functional maturity among individuals. We must determine minimum legal size by taking the variation into account to allow all individuals to mate at least once before they are caught, which may prevent serious depression in reproductive rate and genetic diversity.     

夏大豆籽粒成熟期根叶衰老特性的研究

以在冀中南地区夏播表现相对高产和低产的6个大豆品种为材料,通过测定鼓粒始期至成熟期根系和叶片的生理性状,探讨了大豆籽粒成熟期根、叶衰老之间的关系。结果表明:根、叶生理参数之间高度相关,不同产量类型大豆品种根系可溶蛋白含量、可溶糖含量、SOD活性衰退幅度均小于叶片,表明在生育后期叶片衰老先于根系;不同产量类型间比较,相对高产品种较相对低产品种根、叶各生理指标衰退速率慢,相对高产品种根系较叶片衰老的进程显著落后于相对低产品种。应在栽培上重视养根护叶及育种中加强根系生理性状的选择,延缓衰老进程进而获得高产。     

应用灰色关联度分析法评价马铃薯区试品种

采用灰色关联度分析法对国家马铃薯中晚熟西北组天水试点2008年6个马铃薯品种(系)试验资料的产量、生育期、株高、商品薯率、干物质含量、淀粉含量、植株退化指数、环腐病薯率、植株晚疫病指数9个性状进行综合评价,结果表明,综合性状表现良好的品系是L 0031-17和天99-5-4,其加权关联度接近,分别为0.720和0.716,等权关联度分别为0.706和0.762。     

茶园滴灌施肥的增产提质及土壤养分效应研究

以常规施肥作为对照,设计3个不同氮素用量(450、300、150 kg/hm2),研究了茶园滴灌施肥对茶叶产量、品质及土壤养分性状的影响。结果表明,滴灌施肥处理比对照增产3.4%～9.3%,施氮量与产量间呈明显正相关,以年施氮量300～450 kg/hm2产量较高,滴灌施肥对茶叶品质影响不显著。滴灌施肥处理成熟叶含氮量显著高于对照,且季节性差异明显,秋茶﹥夏茶﹥春茶,滴灌施肥可促进茶树对氮素的吸收利用。施肥方式对土壤pH值影响显著,滴灌施肥处理土壤pH值明显高于对照,可能因其氮素利用率较高而有助于减弱无机氮对土壤的酸化作用。     

ω-黑麦碱基因表达缺失的1BL/1RS易位系种质创新

1BL/1RS易位系是小麦育种的重要亲本,但1RS Sec-1位点表达的ω-黑麦碱是导致小麦加工品质不佳的重要因素。为消除ω-黑麦碱的不良影响,进一步挖掘1BL/1RS易位系的育种潜力,本研究利用低能N+离子束处理1BL/1RS易位系小麦干种子,利用醇溶蛋白酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)筛选ω-黑麦碱表达缺失突变株系,1RS染色体特异引物鉴定携带1RS染色体的突变株系,结果共创制出9个ω-黑麦碱基因Sec-1位点表达缺失的新的1BL/1RS易位系种质。农艺性状和品质性状分析结果表明,这些1BL/1RS易位系新种质的籽粒蛋白含量、面筋指数、稳定时间等加工品质性状显著提高,株高、穗数、千粒重等农艺性状无显著变化。ω-黑麦碱表达缺失突变体的育成为培育优质抗逆小麦品种提供了新的方法。     

Potato tuber sugars, starch and organic acids in relation to ozone exposure

Summary Data from two Swedish and one Finnish open-top chamber experiments were combined to investigate effects of ozone exposure on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber content of starch, sucrose, fructose, glucose, malic, citric and ascorbic acids. The glucose, fructose and malic acid concentrations showed strong negative correlations with ozone exposure, while citric acid, consistently increased with ozone exposure. No ozone effects could be demonstrated on starch, sucrose or ascorbic acid concentrations. It is discussed to what extent the changes found in potato tuber composition can be explained in terms of ozone effects on tuber maturity. Ozone exposure was expressed as the accumulated exposure over a cut-off concentration of 40 nmol mol⁻¹ (AOT40) and as the accumulated uptake of ozone over an ozone uptake rate threshold of 7 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹ (CUO 7). The difference in ability of the exposure indices to explain observed effects was small.     

稻米品质与水稻部分生育性状的相关研究

对水稻的经济性状和穗部性状与稻米品质性状进行相关分析,结果表明:出糙率与生育天数和株高有较大的负相关;垩白大小与生育天数呈正相关,与单株的生物产量和谷重呈负相关;粒宽与生育天数、株高和单株草重有较大的负相关,与单株谷重有较大的正相关;胶稠度与生育天数和株高有较大的正相关。糙米率与千粒重呈显著正相关;垩白率与每穗实粒数呈显著的负相关,与结实率、秕粒数、一次枝梗数呈显著的正相关;垩白大小与穗数、每穗实粒数、二次枝梗数呈显著正相关,与千粒重、结实率、每穗秕粒数呈显著的负相关性;垩白度与每穗实粒数、千粒重呈显著负相关,与每穗秕粒数、二次枝梗数、一次枝梗数呈显著的正相关;透明度与穗数、秕粒、结实率、实粒、千粒重都有较大的相关性。各穗部性状与直链淀粉含量和胶稠度的相关性不显著。回归分析表明,品质性状与水稻的其它性状间有着复杂的线性关系。     

湖北省审定的中熟棉品种产量构成关联度分析

通过对2008～2014年湖北省审定的中熟棉品种部分性状的分析。变异性分析表明,籽指和株高变异性大,生育期、单株铃数、铃重、衣分、果枝数变异小。关联度分析表明,产量影响因素按关联度大小,依次为单株铃数、果枝数、衣分、铃重、籽指、生育期和株高,说明在遗传改良上主攻目标是单株铃数和衣分,次要目标是果枝数和铃重。要改变湖北省棉花品种相似性高的现状,迫切需要引进更多种质资源。     

玉米杂交种主要穗部性状之演变及对育种目标的影响

对1975～2002年河南省玉米区试资料中主要穗部性状的演变进行了分析,并对其与小区产量的关系进行了相关与通径分析.结果表明,行粒数、千粒重在玉米产量构成因素中占主导地位,不宜过多追求穗行数.近一阶段内高产育种同标应以选育中大穗型、子粒容重高的玉米杂交种为主.