E及小康盼系列变速箱壳体共线加工的工艺设计

介绍一拖公司东方红—E系列及小康盼系列拖拉机变速箱壳体实现共线加工的工艺设计,此工艺改进对多品种箱体类零件共线加工具有一定的借鉴意义。     

用热管换热器回收密闭式畜禽舍冬季换气中的余热

首次将热管换热器用于回收密闭式畜禽舍冬季换气中的余热。对热管换热器作了传热设计计算,对给定工况进行了优化参数选定。根据设计参数而安装调试的热管换热器在实际运行中实测值略高于计算值,说明设计计算是合理的。热管换热器具有热效率高、节能等优点,有一定的推广价值。     

论新形势下农村宅基地制度改革

回顾了建国以来我国农村宅基地制度改革的历程．分析了新形势下限制农村宅基地流转出现的问题,并提出了农村宅基地改革的建议。     

农村宅基地流转的法律现状·缺陷及对策——以农民权益保护为视角

从用途限制、方式限制、对象限制及禁止抵押等4个方面对农村宅基地有关的现行法律规定进行梳理,发现现行法律规定的不足,如物权弱化、房地一体主义的理论困惑、土地管理法中的漏洞、对城镇居民购买宅基地的限制等。道出宅基地流转限制的危害,如会导致宅基地隐形交易;导致土地闲置、资源浪费;导致农民融资难;损害了土地所有者（农村集体经济组织）的利益等。提出建立宅基地流转的法定租赁模式作为农村宅基地流转问题的出路,具体说明了宅基地法定租赁模式的含义．从主体、客体、内容3方面阐述了宅基地法定租赁模式的具体内容,并明确了如何解决卖掉房屋的农民的居住问题,如何处理超标占用宅基地、如何分配宅基地租金、如何健全宅基地债权式流转相关的程序和手续等问题,以实现农村宅基地合法有效的流转,维护农民权益。     

从房价虚高看政府调控与市场间的博弈

房地产价格持续上涨是市场因素和人为因素综合作用的结果。中央政府和部分地方政府采取了一些限制房价的措施，但这些措施并没有明显的遏制住房价上涨的势头。在目前的场房产价格战中，政府调控与市场配置出现了博弈局面。     

寒冷地区封闭式猪舍与传统猪舍投资效益比较与分析

通过对现代化封闭式猪舍与传统的开敞式猪舍在基建投资、生产工艺与指标、经济效益诸方面的对比与分析,得出了在我国寒冷地区兴建现代化封闭式猪舍,是养猪业实现高产、优质、高效的基本条件。     

林业机械驱动桥壳的可靠性设计

目前，林业机械正向高作业效率、高机动性能、高生产能力和优良的可靠性目标的方向发展。可见应该大力推广建立在概率统计理论基础上的可靠性设计方法，摒弃旧的安全系数的概念和相应的估计方法，这样不仅能解决过去用传统设计方法所不能处理的一些问题，而且能有效地增强...     

Feed intake and oral behaviour of dairy calves housed individually or in groups in warm or cold buildings

The influence of environmental temperature, housing, social company and age on the feed intake and oral behaviours was studied by housing male dairy calves for seven weeks individually (INDIV) or 12 weeks in groups of four; indoors (INGROUP) or outdoors either with (OUTWARM) or without a heated shelter (OUTCOLD). During the milk-feeding period (1–7 experimental weeks), the mean daily milk, hay and total dry matter intakes of INDIV calves were lower than of INGROUP calves (P < 0.05). No differences in the feed intake between OUTWARM, OUTCOLD or INGROUP were found. Nor was found any differences in the feed efficiency (growth kg^− 1 DM) between the treatments. After weaning off milk, during experimental weeks 8 to 11, the total dry matter intake of INGROUP tended to be greater than that of OUTWARM (P = 0.05). There were no other differences in the mean daily feed intakes, nor in the feed efficiency. During the milk-feeding period, INGROUP calves ate more often concentrates (P = 0.05) and ruminated more (P = 0.01) than INDIV calves. During the 12-week experiment, INGROUP calves licked themselves more often than OUTCOLD calves (P = 0.04) and tended to lick more often than OUTWARM calves (P = 0.08). INGROUP calves licked more often penmates or structures and bit more often structures than OUTWARM or OUTCOLD calves (P < 0.05 for all). Overall, with a decreasing temperature, the calves in outside groups spent less time performing oral behaviours. We conclude that group rearing may facilitate calves to start eating and ruminating earlier than individual housing. The effect of low temperatures on the time spent eating solid foods is discussed in relation to housing design.     

Effects of light intensity and beak trimming on preventing aggression in laying hens

This study aimed to investigate the effects of decreased light intensity and beak trimming on aggression prevention in laying hens. In total, 181 White Leghorns were used. At 17 weeks of age, 36 birds were allocated to battery cages (three birds/cage), 36 birds to furnished cages (four birds/cage), and 109 birds were transferred to an aviary. Since aggression increased in the birds from 23 weeks of age (from 0.3% to 6.0%) especially in the furnished cages, , the light intensity during the daytime was decreased to about one‐tenth (from 680 lux to 70 lux) at 28 weeks of age. The birds in the furnished cages then had their beaks re‐trimmed lightly by using a debeaker at 29 weeks of age. Behavioral observations using scanning techniques at 10 min intervals were conducted. Feed intake, bodyweight and feather score were also measured. There was no significant difference in aggression before and after decreasing the light in all three housing systems. On the other hand, the proportion of birds showing aggression decreased significantly just after trimming and four weeks after beak trimming in the furnished cages (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The aggression also became similar to the proportions observed in the battery cages and in the aviary. In proportion to the decreased aggression, the proportion of birds eating significantly decreased (P < 0.05). However, their feed intake and bodyweight did not decrease significantly. Against this decreased aggression, the proportion of birds preening significantly increased (P < 0.05). Aggression was observed more frequently at the dust bath in the furnished cages and at the litter floor in the aviary (both P < 0.001). The total feather score for all body parts in the birds in furnished cages increased significantly (P < 0.01) from 25 to 29 weeks of age (at beak trimming), but did not increase significantly from 29 to 33 weeks of age. The increments of neck, breast and tail feather scores in the furnished cages were smaller. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in aggression between just before and after decreasing the light in any housing system. However, aggression in the furnished cages was reduced not only by decreasing the light intensity, but by additional beak trimming. Aggravation of feather conditions – especially at the neck, breast and back – was prevented by the treatment.     

最终传动箱体工艺及模具设计

介绍了如何对最终传动箱体零件进行铸造工艺分析,确定铸造工艺方案,合理地选择分型面、分芯面、收缩率、机械加工余量等工艺参数,同时对浇注系统运用大孔出流理论进行了计算,最终使该铸件满足机械加工要求,获得了合格的零件。