MBTAE分光光度法测定微量锰

本文报道用2-(6-甲基-2-苯并噻唑偶氮)-5-二乙胺基酚(MBTAE)分光光度法测定微量锰。配合物的表观摩吸光系数为7.12×10~4L·mol~-1·cm~-1。MBTAE与Mn2 形成1∶2紫色配合物。配合物最大吸收波长为585nm。Mn2 浓度在0～8μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律。方法用于人发中微量锰的测定,结果满意。     

钼锰锌微肥对小白菜产量和品质的影响

研究了喷施0.1％的硫酸锰,钼酸钠和硫酸锌对盆栽小白菜硝酶盐含量,全氮量及其产量的影响。结果表明,喷施微肥能普遍地降低小白菜的硝酶盐含量,普遍提高小白菜的全氮含量,喷施0.1％的硫酸锰和硫酸锌的还能提高小白菜产量。     

镁、锰、活性炭和石灰及其交互作用对小麦镉吸收的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了在镉污染土壤上施用石灰、硫酸镁、硫酸锰和活性炭不同用量以及交互作用对小麦生长和吸收重金属镉的影响。研究结果表明,在试验条件下施用适量的硫酸镁、硫酸锰或与石灰配合能明显提高小麦籽粒产量,单施石灰或与活性炭配合施用降低了小麦籽粒产量;与对照(CK)相比, 所有处理秸秆产量均下降。施用硫酸镁能显著降低小麦籽粒和秸秆中Cd浓度,且随用量的增加而增大。低量硫酸锰能有效降低小麦籽粒和秸秆中Cd浓度,高量反而增加小麦对Cd的吸收。石灰、活性炭单独施用或配合施用都能明显减少小麦对Cd的吸收,但籽/杆中Cd比却随石灰用量的增加呈明显的上升趋势。叶面喷施硫酸镁对降低小麦吸收镉的效果与土施相当,但叶面喷施硫酸锰却比土施硫酸锰显著降低了小麦籽粒中的镉浓度与吸收量。硫酸镁与硫酸锰,或石灰、硫酸镁和硫酸锰3种物质配合施用,对小麦籽粒镉浓度和吸收量的降低表现出明显的正交互作用,对抑制小麦体内镉从秸秆向籽粒的转移具有显著效果。     

Bragg soybeans grown on a southern coastal plain soil III. Seasonal changes in nodal Fe,Zn, and Mn concentrations

Determinate soybean [Glyclne max (L.) Merr.] has been characterized by few detailed micronutrlent partitioning studies. Knowledge of the variation in mlcronutrient concentrations with plant part, nodal position, and plant age is needed for a better understanding of plant functions. In this field study, ‘Bragg’ soybean were grown on an Aquic Paleudult soil (Series Goldsboro loamy sand). Plants were sampled at 10–14 day intervals beginning 44 days after planting (July 7) until harvest. Maximum observed Fe concentrations were 152, 276, 259, and 191 ppm for stem internodes, petioles (+ branches), leaf blades, and pods, respectively. Maximum observed Zn concentrations were 118, 91, 95, and 112 ppm for the same respective plant parts. Maximum observed Mn concentrations were 41, 73, 134, and 63 ppm for the same respective plant parts. Nodal and temporal mean concentra tlons of Fe, Zn, and Mn generally varied considerably due to plant age and nodal position, respectively, in all plant parts. These data document that for plant analysis, mean concentrations of elements in all four plant parts can vary by several fold depending upon plant age and nodal composition of the sample. Regression equations and associated response surfaces will be extremely useful in the development of accurate plant growth models which describe Fe, Zn, and Mn concentrations and translocations among parts of determinate soybean.     

不同葡萄品种的抗逆基因对锰毒响应的表达

近年来的研究发现,葡萄对高锰胁迫具有极强的抗性,但是其耐锰生理仍不清楚。以2种对锰富集相反的葡萄品种(根系富集的金手指和地上部富集的康拜尔品种)为研究材料,采用沙培实验法,用不同浓度的Mn SO4溶液进行锰毒胁迫处理,通过荧光定量PCR,分析锰胁迫相关基因在2种葡萄的叶片及根部表达的差异,挖掘耐锰相关基因,探讨基因表达的品种差异性及组织差异性。结果表明:在高锰(10 g·L-1)胁迫下,金手指葡萄根系中葡萄油菜素内酯-6-氧化酶基因表达量上调2倍,其余几个基因没有明显变化,在其叶片中葡萄铜伴超氧化物歧化酶基因、葡萄油菜素内酯-6-氧化酶基因都上调2倍,病程相关基因表达量上调5倍,而葡萄4-香豆酸:辅酶A连接酶基因下降为CK组的一半。康拜尔根系中油菜素内酯-6-氧化酶基因、3-脱氧-D-阿拉伯庚酮糖-7-磷酸合成酶基因和葡萄紫色酸性磷酸酶3类似酶基因都上调了2倍,叶片中的病程相关基因上调了2~3倍。实验表明,高锰胁迫下,2种葡萄都会通过抗逆基因的差异表达来应对锰毒,同时,磷酸水解酶类也协同作用。由于2种葡萄不同的锰富集方式,这些抗逆基因在根系和叶片也呈现出不同的调控方式。在这些差异表达中,病程相关蛋白1基因和油菜素内酯-6-氧化酶基因表现的最为明显,在抵抗锰胁迫中可能发挥了较大的作用。     

Light‐induced reduction of FE3+ as related to causes of chlorosis in cotton

In growth chambers, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. genetic selection ‘M8') was grown in a synthetic growth medium under four light regimes: low pressure sodium (LPS), LPS + Incandescent (Inc), cool white fluorescent (CWF) and CWF + Inc lamps at 22 C under LPS lamps. Less chlorosis developed at 26 C than at 22 C and less under LPS + Inc than under LPS lamps. All plants were green under CWF and CWF + Inc light. Green and chlorotic plant tissue contained about the same concentrations of Fe. The proposed hypothesis was that chlorotic tissue’ contained less Fe²⁺ than green tissue. Chlorotic leaves treated with FeSO₄ turned a green color. Enough CWF + Inc light passed through an intact leaf to reduce Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ in vitro. Also in vitro, Fe³⁺ was reduced by CWF, by Inc, but not by LPS light. The amount of Fe³⁺ reduced during an illumination period was directly proportional to the quantity of light used. In vitro, citrate and malate enhanced Fe³⁺ reduction, whereas phosphate, pyrophosphate, OH^‐, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, and F^‐ all inhibited Fe³⁺ reduction by light. Orthophosphate was about 8 times as effective as organic P in decreasing Fe³⁺ reduction. Citrate largely alleviated the inhibitory effects of Pi and pH (up to pH 6). The data also provide a possible explanation of a role for many of the elements known to induce or aggravate Fe chlorosis (inhibit Fe³⁺ reduction). Quantity and quality of light apparently play key roles in plant growth as related to reduction of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ in plant tops.     

Field Evaluations of Yield,Iron-Manganese Relationship,and Chlorophyll Meter Readings in Soybean Genotypes as Affected by Iron-Ethylenediamine Di-o-hydroxyphenylacetic Acid in a Calcareous Soil

Iron (Fe)-deficiency chlorosis is a common constraint when soybean (Glycine max L.) is grown on calcareous soils. Considerable differences exist among soybean genotypes for susceptibility to Fe chlorosis. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of iron-ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Fe-EDDHA) for three soybean genotypes (A3237, Black hack, and Wells), field studies were conducted for the years 2001 and 2002 in a calcareous soil. Although, available Fe of the studied soils was either lower than critical level or in marginal range, application of Fe-EDDHA did not result in a significant increase in soybean yield probably, due to the antagonistic relationships between Fe and manganese (Mn). It appears that Fe soil test as the only criterion for Fe fertilizers recommendation is not appropriate and soil test for Mn is also recommended. Significant quadratic equations were obtained between chlorophyll meter readings (CMR) in growth stage 3 (GS3) with seed yield (SY) of A3237 and Black hack. However, SY of Wells showed close relationships with CMR in growth stage 4 (GS4). A tentative conclusion is that the chlorophyll meter is a reliable and non-destructive tool for the prediction of SY for the studied soybean genotypes in GS3 or GS4.

Due to the fact that use of Fe fertilizer might cause nutritional disorder, use of Fe-efficient genotypes remains as an effective and economic sound practice. However, positive responses to Fe-chelate treatments are expected for genotypes with shoot Fe: Mn ratio less than 0.4 when both nutrients are in the sufficiency range. Obviously, such a requirement limits the utilization of Fe-chelate to post-emergence fertilization.     

Effect of silicon on alleviation of manganese toxicity in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch cv. Shintosa)

A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the mechanism of Siinduced alleviation of Mn toxicity in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch cv. Shintosa) which has been used as a bloom-type stock for grafting cultivation of cucumbers. In the first experiment, the effect of Si on Mn toxicity in the Shintosa cultivar was compared with that in the Super unryu cultivar which is used as a bloomless-type stock. Without Si supply, growth depression occurred in both cultivars at the levels of 100 and 500 µM Mn in the nutrient solution. The alleviative effect of Si on the growth depression was observed more distinctly for the Shintosa cultivar than for the Super unryu cultivar, and the effect became more pronounced with increasing Si levels in the nutrient solution. Regardless of the Mn levels, addition of Si did not decrease the Mn content of the plants. The relative shoot growth was reduced to less than 80% when the molar ratio of Si/Mn in the shoots was lower than 4.5. In the second experiment, Mn and Si in the lower leaves of the Shintosa cultivar treated with different levels of Mn with and without Si supply were extracted with 10 mM Tris-HCI buffer (pH 7.4). At the levels of 100 and 250 µM Mn, the amounts of Mn in the buffer-insoluble fraction increased in the presence of Si supply and the buffer-soluble Mn accounted for less than 9% of the total Mn in the leaf. In addition, more than 84% of the total Si was found in the buffer-insoluble fraction at each Mn level. Distribution of Mn and Si on the surface of the lowerú leaves of the Shintosa cultivar treated with 250 µM Mn with and without Si supply was examined by electron probe X-ray microanalysis in the third experiment; Both Mn and Si accumulated at high concentrations around the base of the trichomes in the presence of Si supply. Without Si supply, Mn was detected around the necrotic brown lesions in addition to the base of the trichomes. These results suggested that in the Shintosa cultivar, Si alleviated the Mn toxicity through a localized accumulation of Mn with Si in a metabolically inactive form around the base of the trichomes on the leaf surface.     

三种锰源对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力和肠道形态的影响

为研究硫酸锰(MnSO_4·H_2O)、甘氨酸锰[MnC4H8O4N2]和羟基蛋氨酸锰(MnC5H11NO6S2)对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatu♂)生长性能、抗氧化能力、血清生化指标以及肠道形态的影响。实验选取体重为(11.00±0.12)g的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼270尾,随机分为3组(每组3个重复,每个重复30尾),分别添加MnSO_4·H_2O、MnC4H8O4N2和MnC5H11NO6S2(分别记作MnSO_4、Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA),使饲料中Mn元素水平分别为37.74 mg/kg、40.66 mg/kg和38.15 mg/kg,投喂等氮等脂的试验饲料,饲养8周。结果表明, Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA组的增重率(WGR)均显著高于MnSO_4组(P0.05), Mn-MHA组饲料系数(FCR)显著低于MnSO_4组(P0.05),存活率(SR)和特定生长率(SGR)方面,各组之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量方面, Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA组均显著低于MnSO_4组(P0.05),Mn-MHA组锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)活力显著高于MnSO_4和Mn-Gly组(P0.05),Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA组铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)活力均显著低于MnSO_4组(P0.05)。Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA组血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著高于MnSO_4组(P0.05),总胆固醇(CHOL)方面, MnSO_4组和Mn-Gly组均显著高于Mn-MHA组(P0.05)。与MnSO_4组相比,Mn-MHA组显著提高了前肠和中肠皱襞高度(P0.05),增大了后肠肌层厚度(P0.05);Mn-Gly组中肠皱襞宽显著高于MnSO_4组(P0.05),后肠皱襞高度显著高于MnSO_4和Mn-MHA组(P0.05)。由此可见,与MnSO_4相比, Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA能够显著提高珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼的生长性能,增强肝脏的抗氧化能力,调节相关代谢反应,保护肝脏,促进前、中、后肠的发育。     

钙盐诱导下土壤锰和铁的释放及其对胡椒的生物有效性

Releases of manganese and iron ions from an albic soil (Albic-Udic Luvisol), a yellow-red soil (Hap-Udic Ferrisol) and a yellow-brown soil (Arp-Udic Luvisol) induced by calcium salt addition and their bioavailability to pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) were studied in a pot experiment. Addition of Ca(NO₃)₂ decreased soil pH and increased both exchangeable and DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Mn and Fe in soils. Meanwhile, total Mn accumulation in the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. on the salt-treated soils increased significantly (P< 0.01) compared with the control, suggesting that salt addition to soil induced Mn toxicity in Capsicum frutescens L. Although exchangeable and DTPA-extractable Fe increased also in the salt-treated soils, Fe uptake by the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased. The effect of added salts in soils on dry matter weight of pepper varied with the soil characteristics, showing different buffer capacities of the soils for salt toxicity in an order of yellow-brown soil > albic soil > yellow-red soil. Fe/Mn ratio in shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased with increasing salt addition for all the soils, which was ascribed to the antagonistic effect of Mn on Fe accumulation. The ratio of Fe/Mn in the tissue was a better indicator of the appearance of Mn toxicity symptoms than Mn concentration alone.