叶面喷施不同浓度镁肥对酿酒葡萄光合特性、 产量及浆果品质的影响

为筛选出适宜酿酒葡萄的叶面喷施镁肥浓度,为酿酒葡萄科学管理提供技术支撑和理论指导,以7年生酿酒葡萄'赤霞珠'(Cabernet Sauvignon)为研究对象,在常规施肥的基础上,分别设置叶面喷施镁肥(MgSO4·7H2O) CK (0.00％)、F1 (0.09％)、F2 (0.18％)、F3 (0.27％)、F4 (0.36％)和F5 (0.45％)6个处理,进行田间试验,探讨贺兰山东麓碱性土壤条件下,不同叶面施镁浓度对酿酒葡萄赤霞珠叶片光合特性、果实品质以及产量的影响.结果 显示:叶面喷施0.27％镁肥效果最为显著,与CK相比,叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)和叶绿素a+b (Chl a+b))分别提高28.26％、42.81％和32.49％;净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度分别提高36.72％、65.58％和100.82％;总酚、单宁、花色苷、可滴定酸及产量分别提高11.22％、8.08％、29.60％、11.69％和8.17％.通过相关分析发现,酿酒葡萄产量与Chlb、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度呈极显著正相关,与Chl a、花色苷呈显著正相关,与胞间CO2浓度呈显著负相关.通过主成分分析,得出在常规施肥基础上,叶面喷施0.27％镁肥对提高赤霞珠叶片光合特性和果实产量及平衡糖酸比改善浆果品质效果最佳.     

Total and available tryptophan requirement of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus,fingerlings

The dietary total and available requirement of tryptophan of Nile tilapia fingerlings was determined using linear regression analysis. Six hundred fish (3.4 ± 0.0 g) were fed diets containing 296.4 g/kg of crude protein and 14.1 MJ/kg of digestible energy. Five extruded diets containing 2.5, 3.0, 3.4, 3.8 and 4.2 g/kg of total tryptophan were evaluated. Fish were fed four times a day during 45 days. Final body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and net protein utilization of fish fed Trp 3.4 and Trp 3.8 diets were improved compared to fish fed Trp 2.5 and Trp 4.2 diets. No significant differences in survival rate, whole‐body moisture and ash were observed. Whole‐body amino acid profile of fish fed different diets did not differ statistically (p > .05). Fish fed Trp 3.0 and Trp 3.4 diets showed higher tryptophan retention compared to fish fed Trp 2.5 and Trp 4.2 diets. Excepting blood glucose, no effects of dietary tryptophan on haematological parameters were observed. The dietary total tryptophan requirement of Nile tilapia fingerlings based on weight gain was estimated to be 3.4 g/kg (11.0 g/kg of dietary crude protein) or 3.0 g/kg of available tryptophan (11.0 g/kg of dietary digestible protein).     

桑叶养猪实用技术

桑叶养猪实用技术分为桑树种植技术和桑叶干粉发酵养猪技术两个部分。利用荒地种植桑树,降低生猪养殖饲养成本,桑叶养猪种养结合,成为生态农业典范。桑叶干粉发酵技术,提高了桑叶干粉的可消化率和饲料功能。桑叶干粉发酵料占配方6%~10%,做成桑叶猪饲料,替代3%~5%鱼粉、豆粕等蛋白质饲料,节约了饲料成本。桑叶喂养猪(简称桑叶猪,下同)的猪肉中含有肌苷酸等风味物质,显著提高猪肉胴体品质和猪肉风味。设计猪尿处理,采用红泥膜沼气池降解工程工艺应用后,降解水兑2倍清水对桑树喷灌工艺,减少人工处理劳力和成本费用。设计10%抗非洲猪瘟中药饲料添加剂+桑叶饲料,预期防治非洲猪瘟总效果85%以上。桑叶养猪实用技术可行,供同行参考。     

鲜牛奶营养评价与FOP标签方案

为指导消费者选购整体营养价值高的鲜牛奶,以及优化鲜牛奶供给结构,本文借鉴瑞典锁孔(Keyhole)标识、较健康选择标志、指引星标签、选择标识、NuVal评分标签的营养素度量法以及评价鲜牛奶的营养成分、信息显示形式等国外实践经验,构建富含营养素食物(NRF)9.3模型,对《中国食物成分表》(第6版第2册)收录的鲜牛奶(全脂,光明鲜牛奶)、鲜牛奶(全脂,现代牧场鲜牛奶)、鲜牛奶(全脂,完达山鲜牛乳)、鲜牛奶(全脂,辉山鲜博士鲜牛奶)、鲜牛奶(全脂,一鸣鲜牛奶)、鲜牛奶(全脂,新希望千岛湖牧场鲜牛奶)6种鲜牛奶营养数据开展营养评价。结果发现,6种鲜牛奶的NRF 9.3值均大于0,每418.4 kJ的鼓励性营养成分含量均高于限制性营养成分含量,但这些鲜牛奶间的营养价值差别不大。虽然6种鲜牛奶适用于评分、评级FOP标签方案,但鲜牛奶仅能以2～3星级展示,不及评分的区分度高,更适合采用评分型方案。     

钾营养水平对艳光油桃果实品质的影响

对4年生的艳光油桃施用4种水平的钾肥,研究它对油桃果实品质的影响。结果表明,施用钾肥不仅可以显著地提高果实中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、糖酸比、维生素C以及钾的含量,提高果实的内在品质;也可以提高果实的单果重、着色指数以及果顶和果胴的L、a、b值,改善了果实的外观品质;还能够明显地减少果实裂果,增大果实硬度,延长果实常温(25℃)贮藏期和低温(5℃)贮藏期,进而改善果实的抗裂果特性和贮运特性。通过比较各处理油桃果实品质综合评判的评分,NPK2处理的钾肥施用效果最好。     

不同类型抗虫棉品种的产量表现和氮素营养效率研究

以7个转Bt(Bacillus thuringiensis)基因抗虫棉(Gossypium hirsutumL)品种(美国品种33B,国产常规棉鲁棉研21、22、28、29,国产杂交棉鲁棉研15和25)为材料,分别在临清和东营种植,比较研究了它们的产量表现和营养效率。结果表明,国产常规抗虫棉品种平均比美国品种33B增产12.5%(临清)和28.3%(东营),抗虫杂交棉则比常规棉增产9.7%。早发型棉花品种(鲁棉研21和29)每生产100 kg皮棉所吸收的氮素量比后发型品种(鲁棉研22和28)少13.9%,营养效率系数高20.4%;杂交种(鲁棉研15和25)每生产100 kg皮棉所吸收的氮素量比常规种少13.8%,营养效率系数高16.8%。早发型棉花品种的氮素营养效率高于后发型,杂交种的氮素营养效率高于常规种。选用棉花杂交种或早熟、高产、经济系数高的常规种,创造正常的棉花熟相是提高氮素营养效率的重要途径。     

Iron and zinc absorption characteristics and copper inhibitions in cucurbitaceae

Iron and Zn absorption, interactions, and Cu inhibitions were characterized in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.), and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Poir.) by kinetic parameters V_max and K_m. Influx and V_max values for Fe and Zn absorption decreased in each species as plant age increased. For the Michaelis constant, K_m, Fe values in cucumber and watermelon and Zn values in watermelon and pumpkin were relatively unchanged with increased plant age. K_m values for Zn absorption in cucumber and Fe absorption in pumpkin decreased as plant age increased. Among species, watermelon appeared to have a particularly effective uptake mechanism for Zn at low solution concentrations. Non‐competitive inhibition of Zn absorption by Fe (20, 50 uM) was indicated in each species. Iron uptake in pumpkin was inhibited non‐competitively by Zn (5, 10 uM), however no significant effects of Zn on Fe absorption were evident in either watermelon or cucumber. Copper (0.5, 1, 5 uM) inhibited uptake of Fe non‐competitively and Zn competitively in each species.     

Nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents of field vegetables — Recent data for fertiliser recommendations and nutrient balances

When calculating fertiliser recommendations and nutrient balances, growers and advisers usually do not do site specific measurements but use data from look up tables. Data given by older literature sources, however, do not take into account today's cropping practices. Therefore a databank on nutrient contents of total yields, marketable yields and harvest residues of 22 field vegetable crops is presented. This databank was compiled using results from topical field experiments and from recent literature.     

Mg-Zn-Al合金的组织稳定性与力学性能

采用金相分析、DSC分析和拉伸测试等手段研究了铝含量对Mg-6Zn合金显微组织、凝固特性和力学性能的影响.结果表明,Mg-6Zn-2Al合金晶粒相对细小,具有最佳的强度与塑性组合;Mg-6Zn-6Al合金中晶界处存在接近连续分布的粗大鱼骨状金属间化合物Mg17Al12相,导致合金抗拉强度和塑性下降.长时间退火试验表明,Mg-6Zn-2Al具有较高的组织稳定性.因此,Mg-6Zn-2Al合金是Mg-Zn-Al系合金的一个较佳成分组合.