烟草田间起垄机作业适应性研究

对开沟式和盒式的1WG-6.3型自走式小型起垄机进行田间试验,并对其作业效益、作业效率及作业效果等指标进行测量及性能分析对比。结果表明:盒式起垄机每公顷平均油耗较低,作业效率较高,稳定性好,起垄效果较好,能满足烤烟种植起垄效果的农艺要求;开沟式起垄机能满足烤烟种植垄底宽、垄高的农艺要求,但不能满足烤烟种植垄基宽的农艺要求,且每公顷平均油耗较高,作业效率较低,稳定性较差,垄形一般。因此,盒式起垄机更能适应烟草田间起垄作业。     

自动板栗脱壳机的设计

针对目前板栗脱壳过程中主要依靠手工剥壳,手指极易被板栗刺壳上坚硬的刺刺伤,以及劳动强度大、生产效率低的问题,设计了一种新型的自动板栗脱壳机。该机采用胶皮与螺纹钢揉挤的方式将板栗刺与板栗米分开,同时采用鼓风机搭配输送带的方式进行分离。实际测试结果表明,该机采用的脱壳方式和分离方式新颖,能最大限度地将板栗米与板栗刺剥离,且能实现两者的自动分离,对于减轻栗农劳动强度,缩短栗子从采摘到上市的时间发挥了极大作用,值得进一步推广普及。     

果园苗木捆扎机热合板的优化改进

热合板联动机构作为苗木捆扎机关键部件,在苗木捆扎过程中发挥着重要作用。为此,在对热合板联动机构工作过程进行理论分析研究的基础上,对热合板卡带问题的原因作了具体的阐述,并针对苗木自身的特征参数,在不影响其运动功能的基础上,对热合板的结构参数及附属拨块进行了优化改进,很好地解决了热合板运动不连贯,影响整机工作效率的问题。     

Detection of Ecballium elaterium in hedgerow olive orchards using a low-cost uncrewed aerial vehicle and open-source algorithms

BACKGROUND

Ecballium elaterium (common name: squirting cucumber) is an emerging weed problem in hedgerow or superintensive olive groves under no tillage. It colonizes the inter-row area infesting the natural or sown cover crops, and is considered a hard-to-control weed. Research in other woody crops has shown E. elaterium has a patchy distribution, which makes this weed susceptible to design a site-specific control strategy only addressed to E. elaterium patches. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop a methodology based on the analysis of imagery acquired with an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) to detect and map E. elaterium infestations in hedgerow olive orchards.

RESULTS

The study was conducted in two superintensive olive orchards, and the images were taken using a UAV equipped with an RGB sensor. Flights were conducted on two dates: in May, when there were various weeds infesting the orchard, and in September, when E. elaterium was the only infesting weed. UAV-orthomosaics in the first scenario were classified using random forest models, and the orthomosaics from September with E. elaterium as the only weed, were analyzed using an unsupervised algorithm. In both cases, the overall accuracies were over 0.85, and the producer's accuracies for E. elaterium ranged between 0.74 and 1.00.

CONCLUSION

These results allow the design of a site-specific and efficient herbicide control protocol which would represent a step forward in sustainable weed management. The development of these algorithms in free and open-source software fosters their application in small and medium farms. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

杂交水稻制种提高结实率的研究

杂交水稻制种不同于水稻栽培、其结实由柱头外露结实和非柱头外露结实两部分构成；空壳中90％以上是由于没有授粉受精造成的：90％以上的受精拉都能正常发育结实。柱头外露率和受精率与结实率呈显著正相关。后期施肥、父本大龄秧和机械授粉能有效地提高柱头外露率、花遇优度和结实率及制种产量。     

Operational Deflection Shape Analysis of Large Scale Electromechanical System

Operational Deflection Shapes of large scale electromechanical system can be ex-tracted directly from multipoints response of the operating system by using of the modal shape analy-sis method. Thev can be used for engineers evaluating the practical dynamic beavior of the largescale elecltromechanical system,checking the existence of local reso,iance of the Stibsystem. and in-dentifying the wcakened positions of the rigidity of structure, In this paper the method of measuringand extracting the operational deflection shal1e of the electromecha nical system is given and theavailability of operational deflection shape is proved by analyzing the actual vibration of a large ex-haust fan system as an example.     

A NEW METHOD BY USING MASS AND ACCELERATION PARAMETERS FOR BALANCING INERTIAL FORCE OF MECHANISM

This paper presents a new method by using mass and acceleration parameters for balancing inertial force of mechanism. Compared with other balance methods, this one is simple, clear and superior in regularity when the balancing equation of complex mechanism is established, and its solving procedure is also easy. The new methcd is convenient to learn and use as well as convenient to program.     

MACHINE PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION AND FAULT DETECTION FOR THE ALTERNATOR SYSTEM

In this paper, the machine( physical) parameters of the alternator system are on-line estimated on the basis of the derived system continuous-tims model, using Recursive Least-squares Estimation and Inverse Calculation Method proposed by Authors. Therefore, the estimated machine parameters can effectively track the changes of their true values and accomplish the fault detection for the alternator system. This paper gives a new way for machne parameter estimation and fault detection of the alternator systems.