膜分离技术纯化番茄皮色素提取液的研究

从截留分子量为30 kDa的再生纤维素膜,孔径为0.2μm的聚偏氟乙烯膜、聚四氟乙烯膜、聚醚砜膜中筛选耐乙酸乙酯腐蚀的膜材料及提取液膜纯化的工艺条件。结果表明,截留分子量为30 kDa的再生纤维素膜是番茄皮色素提取液纯化的最适膜材料,纯化过滤最优条件为:压力0.10 MPa、温度35℃。应用膜分离技术纯化番茄皮色素提取液可使杂质截留率平均达到60%以上,而色素损失率在10%以内。     

番茄红素提取工艺及其稳定性初步研究

近年研究表明,番茄红素是一种具有防癌抗癌活性的类胡萝卜素,是一种很有应用前景的功能性天然色素.从番茄果皮中提取番茄红素,研究番茄红素的稳定性,结果表明番茄红素对热、碱、氧化剂、还原剂等较稳定,但对光十分不稳定.     

番茄红素功能的研究进展

对番茄红素功能和应用进行了综述.番茄红素是开链式的不饱和类胡萝卜素,是胡萝卜素合成过程的中间产物,具有抗氧化、清除自由基、促进细胞间的连接与传导等多种生理功能.番茄红素在预防人类某些癌症和慢性病的发生方面起着重要的作用,作为一种功能性天然色素,是目前国际上功能食品成分研究中的一个热点.     

番茄红素在食用油中的稳定性及抗氧化机理研究

研究了番茄红素在不同品种食用油中的稳定性、对豆油氧化稳定性的影响及番茄红素抗油脂氧化的作用机理.结果表明:番茄红素在3种食用油中的稳定性大小表现为:大豆油>菜籽油>玉米油,在较低温度下番茄红素的保留率较高;随着番茄红素添加量的增加,豆油的氧化稳定性指数(OSI)值提高,抗氧化效果好;番茄红素是淬灭单线态氧能力最强的类胡萝卜素,其速率常数远高于其他胡萝卜素.指出将番茄红素作为抗氧化剂添加到食用油中,制得功能性油脂,是减缓油脂氧化的有效方法,且可以提高番茄红素自身的稳定性.     

薄膜—均质法制备番茄红素脂质体的工艺研究

[目的]优化制备番茄红素脂质体的生产工艺,提高包封率,减小颗粒粒径,最终提高番茄红素的生物利用度.[方法]采用薄膜—均质法制备番茄红素脂质体,通过单因素试验和正交试验,以包封率作为主要指标,筛选出最佳制备工艺(胆同醇—卵磷脂比、番茄红素—卵磷脂比、旋转蒸发温度、磷酸缓冲液pH),并观察脂质体形态和粒径特征.[结果]薄膜—均质法制备番茄红素脂质体的最佳工艺为:胆固醇—卵磷脂比1:3,番茄红素—卵磷脂比1:20,旋转蒸发温度30℃,磷酸缓冲液pH 7.0.在最佳工艺条件下,番茄红素脂质体的包封率为71.65%,平均粒径840nm.[结论]采用薄膜—均质法制备番茄红素脂质体具有工艺简单、重现性好,且脂质体包封率高、颗粒粒径小、稳定性较高等优点,可大规模用于实际生产.     

高压脉冲电场辅助提取番茄皮渣的番茄红素

采用高压脉冲电场技术辅助提取番茄皮渣中的番茄红素。通过单因素试验和正交分析试验确定提取的最佳工艺参数,并与常规有机溶剂提取法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法进行了对比试验。结果表明：当以乙酸乙酯为提取溶剂、电场强度为30 kV/cm、液料比为9 mL/g、脉冲数为8、温度为30℃、单次提取时,番茄红素提取率能达到96.7%,是常规有机溶剂法的2.4倍、是微波辅助法的1.23倍、是超声波辅助法的1.04倍,且处理时间短（16 μs）。因此,高压脉冲电场辅助提取法是一种新型快速的番茄红素提取方法。     

番茄红素在饲料中的应用

番茄红素是一种直链的类胡萝卜素,具有抗癌功能。本文对番茄红素的理化性质、生产方法、提取方法、毒理学研究进行了总结。     

Intra and interlocus interactions between alcobaça (alc), crimson (og c ), and high pigment (hp) loci in tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

The ripening mutant allele alcobaça (alc/alc) may be deployed to extend shelf life in tomatoes, but has reportedly negative effects on fruit colour development. Colour enhancing mutants crimson (og ^c /og ^c) and high pigment (hp/hp) could potentially overcome this limitation, but a detailed account of their interactions with alc is not available. In this paper, we report on intra-allelic (additive and dominant) interactions within these 3 loci, and on their possible interallelic (epistatic) interactions. Eight near-isogenic (NIL) tomato lines in background Flora-Dade were obtained, representing all possible 2ⁿhomozygous combinations in the n = 3 loci. The 8 NIL were crossed in all possible combinations (reciprocals excluded), to obtain 28 hybrids that were heterozygous in at least one locus. The 36 treatments (= 8NIL + 28 hybrids) were grown in a randomized complete block design with 4replications, and the following traits were evaluated: total yield, average fruit mass, fruit firmness at harvest (= breakerstage) and 6 days after harvest (d.a.h)., % coloured fruit surface, fruit lycopene and beta-carotene contents, fruit % soluble solids and solids/acidity ratio, internal and external fruit colour. The loci alcobaça, crimson and high pigment or their epistatic interactions had significant influence on the expression of all traits measured. Epistatic effects were responsible for most of the variation among genotypes (with a minimum of 48.1%of the total sum of squares for % coloured fruit surface and a maximum of 82.8% for total yield). External fruit colour was defficient in all alc/alc genotypes, and their commercial use is impaired, in spite of improvements in fruit internal and external colour brought about by deployment of specific genotypic constitutions in lociog ^c and hp. Some but not all alc ⁺ /alc genotypes were firmer and showed improved fruit quality over the normal Flora-Dade (alc ⁺ /alc ⁺ og ^c+ /og ^c+ hp ⁺ /hp ⁺) background. The following genotypic combinations represented good compromises between yield, long shelf life and fruit quality traits: alc ⁺ /alc og ^c+ /og ^c hp ⁺ /hp, alc ⁺ /alc og ^c /og ^c hp ⁺ /hp ⁺ and alc ⁺/alc og ^c+/og ^c+ hp ⁺ /hp     

Comparative study on vegetative,reproductive and qualitative traits of seven diploid and tetraploid watermelon lines

Seven tetraploid watermelon lines developed by colchicine treatments were compared with their diploid counterpart for plant, flower, fruit, seed and qualitative characteristics. Tetraploid genotypes attained statistically higher vine thickness (8.04 mm), leaf area (298.9 cm²) and chlorophyll content (55.6) while internode length and chlorophyll fluorescence was similar to their corresponding diploid. Both pistillate and staminate flower organs (pedicel, anther, ovary, stigma, petals) were larger in tetraploid plants; however, the percent increase in flower components varied across the tetraploid lines. Fruit weight and total sugar content (^∘Brix) in both ploidy fruits was similar. Rind thickness in fruits varied significantly and averaged 12.7 and 17.2 mm in diploid and tetraploid fruits, respectively. Tetraploid genotypes showed sterility, yielded lower number of seed per fruit (37.9), and tetraploid seed was larger and thicker than diploid seed. Overall β-carotene (0.89), lycopene (1.16), fructose (5.43%) and glucose (2.38%) contents were higher in tetraploid than diploid fruits.     

饲料中补充番茄红素对鲫鱼抗氧化能力的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加番茄红素(lycopene,LCP)含量为0.50%、0.75%和1.00%的番茄红素油1.5%,对照组为1.5%的鱼油,即饲料中番茄红素添加量为0、75.0、112.5、150.0 mg.kg-1。人工投喂饲养平均体长22.4±1.13cm,平均体重180.60±37.23 g的鲫鱼50 d。每网箱随机取样20尾(n=20)试验鱼,进行血清总超氧化歧化酶活性(T-SOD)、丙二醛含量(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力(GSH-Px)、一氧化氮含量(NO)和抑制羟自由基能力(.OH)测定,以研究番茄红素对养殖鲫鱼抗氧化能力的影响。试验数据以平均值±标准差(Mean±SD)表示,SPSS11.5软件Duncan多重比较检验。结果显示,添加番茄红素试验组血清T-SOD活性比对照组分别提高了8.49、43.33和48.57 U.mL-1,番茄红素添加量112.5和150.0 mg.kg-1组的血清T-SOD活性与对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。添加番茄红素试验组血清中MDA含量分别比对照组降低了3.75、4.55和2.70 nmol.mL-1,添加番茄红素和试验组与对照组比较血清MDA含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加番茄红素试验组血清GSH-Px活力分别比对照组提高了99.32、138.77和122.61 U,添加番茄红素的各试验组与对照组比较血清GSH-Px活力均有显著差异(P<0.05)。添加番茄红素试验组血清NO含量分别高于对照组12.83、8.30和13.02μmol.mL-1,添加番茄红素75.0和150.0 mg.kg-1组与对照组比较血清NO含量有显著差异(P<0.05)。添加番茄红素试验组血清中抑制.OH能力比对照组降低了318.50、290.91和277.99 U.mL-1,添加番茄红素75.0 mg.kg-1组与对照组比较血清中抑制.OH能力差异显著(P<0.05)。添加番茄红素各试验组间比较T-SOD活性、GSH-Px活力、MDA含量、NO含量和抑制.OH能力均无显著差异(P<0.05)。综合试验结果,在鲫鱼人工配合饲料的油脂中添加番茄红素,有效地提高了养殖鲫鱼内源性抗氧化物质的水平,实现了抗氧化剂的抗氧化作用。