由番茄果实表面色差估计的番茄红素含量遗传分析

本试验选择两个果实表面色差a/b显著不同的番茄品系,通过P1、P2、F1, F2、B1和B2六世代的分析方法,研究了由番茄果实表面色差a/b估计番茄红素含量的遗传规律。结果表明：由番茄果实表面色差估计番茄红素含量的遗传符合两对加性-显性-上位主基因遗传模型(B_1_1),主基因效应在B1、B2和F2 三个世代的遗传率分别为50.31％、65.15％和32.77％。     

红色和橙黄色果肉西瓜番茄红素和β–胡萝卜素代谢基因的表达分析

以橙黄色果肉西瓜‘WM-Clr-2’及红色果肉西瓜‘PI 179881’为试材,采用HPLC法分析其番茄红素及β–胡萝卜素在7个发育时期的积累情况,同时采用q RT-PCR技术分析番茄红素和β–胡萝卜素代谢途径中8个关键酶基因(PSY1、PSY2、PDS、ZDS、CRTISO、LCYB、NCED1和NCED7)的表达量。结果显示,随着果实的发育,番茄红素和β–胡萝卜素含量均不断增加,且在同一时期,红色果肉‘PI 179881’中的含量始终大于‘WM-Clr-2’。q RT-PCR结果显示PSY1在‘PI 179881’中的表达量高于‘WM-Clr-2’,LCYB和NCED1在‘WM-Clr-2’中的表达量高于红色果肉‘PI 179881’。分析番茄红素及β–胡萝卜素的积累规律与相关基因表达规律说明PSY1的大幅上调表达,LCYB的下调表达及NCED1的低表达可能是红色果肉‘PI 179881’中番茄红素和β–胡萝卜素大量积累的主要原因。PSY1的低表达水平,LCYB和NCED1的高表达水平可能是橙黄色果肉‘WM-Clr-2’中番茄红素及β–胡萝卜素积累量少的主要原因。     

The evaluation of lycopene and cysteamine supplementation effects on sperm and oxidative stress parameters during chilled storage of canine semen

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of lycopene and cysteamine on characteristics of sperm, liquid peroxidation and enzymatic activities in seminal plasma of canine semen preserved at 5°C for 72 hr. The semen samples were divided into eight aliquots: control, control sham (dimethyl sulfoxide 5%), lycopene groups (250, 500 and 750 µg/ml) and cysteamine groups (2.5, 5 and 10 mM). Motility, viability, membrane integrity, DNA integrity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated. Progressive motility and total motility were higher with the 500 and 750 µg/ml lycopene concentrations, respectively, compared to the control group and the cysteamine groups following 72 hr of storage in the liquid storage. Motility characteristics, viability and hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) percentages were significantly improved in 500 µg/ml lycopene compared to other groups. The 500 and 750 µg/ml lycopene concentrations, respectively, showed significantly reduced percentages of spermatozoa with DNA integrity compared to the control group. The 500 and 750 µg/ml lycopene concentrations, respectively, led to the significant decrease of MDA levels. The 500 µg/ml lycopene enhanced TAC levels after 48 and 72 hr that was not observed in other groups. In conclusion, the findings of this study showed that lycopene supplementation in canine semen extenders improved canine semen parameters and TAC levels and decreased MDA levels in the chilling process.     

LYC-b基因反义表达对番茄果实番茄红素含量的影响

【目的】研究番茄红素β-环化酶(LYC-b)基因反义表达对番茄果实中番茄红素含量的影响,为番茄品质育种提供新方法。【方法】以番茄品种"TTI1117A"和"灵光3号"为材料,构建了分别由CaMV35S启动子驱动的GUS标记基因和反义LYC-b5′基因双价植物表达载体,通过农杆菌GV3101介导,将基因整合到番茄基因组中,采用GUS、PCR以及RT-PCR、Northern杂交进行检测,并测定了转基因植株果实中的番茄红素含量。【结果】由GUS、PCR检测结果可知,筛选出1株"TTI1117A"和4株"灵光3号"转基因植株;RT-PCR、Northern杂交检测结果表明,目的基因在RNA水平上已经表达;对番茄果实中番茄红素含量的测定结果表明,转基因植株果实中番茄红素含量均高于未转基因植株。【结论】LYC-b基因的反义表达具有提高番茄果实中番茄红素含量的作用。     

牛奶子果实性状及营养成分的产地与株间变异研究

对采自不同产地和单株的牛奶子的果实性状、氨基酸含量、番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素、Vc以及微量元素进行了分析.牛奶子浆果平均鲜质量0.13 g,变幅0.07～0.15 g.鲜果平均果肉率75.01%.6个单株的17种氨基酸总含量在146.596～179.634 mg·g-1之间,平均总含量为167.839 mg·g-1.其中谷氨酸含量最高,占氨基酸总含量的18.07%;其次精氨酸(11.66%)及天冬氨酸含量(10.78%),甲硫氨酸最低(0.84%),其余氨基酸均在7.00%以下.3个单株的番茄红素含量,最高的为342.000 mg·kg-1,最低为78.000 mg·kg-1,两者相差3.38倍,其含量是番茄的2.6～11.4倍.β-胡萝卜素平均含量为6.480 mg·kg-1,可溶性糖平均含量7.312 mg·kg-1,可滴定酸平均含量3.240 mg·g-1.Vc的平均含量为0.049 mg·g-1.Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu平均含量分别为97.881、77.553、23.384、12.129 mg·kg-1.K、Ca平均含量分别为11.190、3.720 mg·g-1.     

Effect of Growth Season and Slow-Release Fertilizers on Quality Characteristics of Tomatoes

This study discusses the effect of growth season and fertilization on quality characteristics of tomatoes. In a pot experiment, established in an unheated glasshouse, tomatoes were grown in two widely differing soils during two different seasons (winter and summer). Conventional fertilizers, applied in two doses, and corresponding slow-release fertilizers, applied in a single dose, were used. Summer fruits contained greater lycopene content and had a more reddish coloration than those harvested by the end of winter. Slow-release fertilizers further increased lycopene content compared to the conventional fertilizers. The widely different electrical conductivities between the two soils had no effect on the lycopene content. Fertilization contributed to an increase of soluble solid content (Brix) in fruits, but there was no difference among fertilizers used. Similarly, there was no significant response of pulp pH to growth season or fertilizer treatments.     

番茄红素对壬基酚诱导小鼠脾损伤的保护作用及机制研究

探讨番茄红素(lycopene,LYC)对壬基酚(nonylphenol,NP)亚慢性中毒诱导小鼠脾损伤的保护作用及机制。将40只清洁级ICR小鼠随机分为对照组(CON)、中毒组(NPG)、番茄红素对照组(LCG)和番茄红素干预组(LNG)。对照组,每天8:30灌服玉米油0.1 mL,2 h后重复操作;中毒组,每天8:30灌服玉米油0.1 mL,2 h后灌服150 mg·kg^-1壬基酚溶液;番茄红素对照组,每天8:30灌服5 mg·kg^-1番茄红素,2 h后灌服0.1 mL玉米油;番茄红素干预组,每天8:30灌服5 mg·kg^-1番茄红素,2 h后灌服150 mg·kg^-1壬基酚溶液。各组连续进行相应灌胃处理30 d后,记录小鼠体重,颌下静脉采集血样,并对小鼠进行安乐死,剖解后采集小鼠脾称重,分析小鼠日均增重以及脾体系数的组间差异;检查血清中免疫细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF-α的变化;检测脾氧化与抗氧化指标MDA、T-AOC、CAT、GSH-Px和SOD的差异变化;检测凋亡通路p53/Bcl-2各蛋白表达的差异。结果表明,与NPG相比,经过LYC干预后NP暴露小鼠日均增重显著升高(P<0.05),血清免疫细胞因子含量和脾抗氧化酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);LYC干预后小鼠脾凋亡通路关键分子Akt、p-Akt和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),p53和Bax蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结果提示,LYC对NP诱导的小鼠脾损伤具有保护作用,这与LYC增强脾抗氧化能力,抑制脾细胞凋亡有关。     

番茄红素的应用与发展

近年的研究表明,番茄红素是一种重要的类胡萝卜素,其功能在许多方面优于β-胡萝卜素。番茄红素不仅是一种天然食用色素,而且在有效预防各种疾病、防癌抗癌和抗衰老等方面,显示出其生物学功能作用。重点介绍了番茄红素的制备以及在生物学方面的应用情况,并对番茄红素的应用开发前景作出展望。     

高番茄红素樱桃番茄新品种‘樱红1号’

 ‘樱红1号’樱桃番茄是从荷兰‘樱桃红’和日本‘º º ’杂交后代中系统选育出的新品种。该品种植株为无限生长型, 生长势较强, 第8～9节着生第1花序, 单穗结果30～50个。果实圆形, 单果质量15～20 g, 果色鲜红亮丽, 番茄红素含量46.8 mg·kg- 1 , 酸甜可口, 耐贮藏, 产量达45.0～52.5 t·hm^-2。高抗病毒病和枯萎病, 抗根结线虫病, 耐青枯病。适于我国华北地区露地和设施栽培。     

利用前列腺癌细胞株比较各种茄红素的传送载体对茄红素的稳定性及吸收效果

许多研究指出摄取富含茄红素的食物具有降低多种癌症的发生率,如前列腺癌、肺癌等[1,2]。在茄红素体外试验中,最常使用四氢呋喃(tetrahydrofuran;THF)作为溶剂,但THF结构不稳定,极易氧化,且具有细胞毒性,因此易造成茄红素体外试验之干扰[3￣5]。本实验拟使用胎牛血清(fetalbovineserum;FBS)作为载体,我们认为FBS中的脂蛋白(lipoprotein)可以增加茄红素稳定性并促进细胞的吸收效果。