Aloe vera long-term saline irrigation increases contents of hydrogen peroxide,lipid peroxidation and phenolic compounds

Salt stress is more and more becoming a serious problem in the world especially if we consider its damaging effect on the plant growth and yield. The cultivation of medicinal plants, such as Aloe vera, might be an alternative for the saline water use and salt-affected soils occupation. Aloe vera, commonly known as aloe, is one of the primary medicinal plants with multipurpose applications going from pharmaceutical to cosmetic aspects with a promising economic return. Aloe plants were cultivated and irrigated, for 14 months, with drinking water (C0) and with two levels of salt (C1 and C2). Changes in growth, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), lipid peroxidation and phenolic compounds were examined in leaves at harvest. Depressive effects of salt irrigation on the plant growth parameters and a perturbation in inorganic ion contents were found especially with a high level of salt in the irrigation water. The intracellular oxidative stress was evaluated with the H₂O₂ production. Our results showed that the H₂O₂ content increased with the accumulation of the toxic ion (Na) in the leaf tissues. In addition, lipid peroxidation, measured by the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, increased as well with salt augmentation in the irrigation water. In response to salt stress, Aloe leaves showed a significant increase in the levels of phenolic compounds too. These results suggest that Aloe can be planted in soils affected by salinity and irrigated with salt water at least at a moderate concentration used in the present study.     

L-肉碱对肉鸡脂质代谢的影响

160只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为4组,每组40只,分别饲喂添加0、30、50和100m gk/gL-肉碱的玉米-豆粕型日粮,以研究L-肉碱对肉鸡脂质代谢的影响。经7周试验,结果表明:L-肉碱显著影响了肉鸡血清中甘油三酯、胆固醇、游离脂肪酸、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量和肉鸡腹脂率(P<0.05或0.01),但对肉鸡的生长性能未产生显著影响P(>0.05)。综合各项指标的变化,似100mg k/g L-肉碱对肉鸡的脂肪和胆固醇代谢有较明显的影响。     

茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂脂代谢相关的滞育关联基因差异表达分析

本文对茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂滞育组与正常发育组进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因,根据功能注释发现这些滞育关联基因主要与碳水化合物代谢、脂质代谢以及信号转导等途径相关。借助KEGG数据库,共筛选出滞育期间401个与脂代谢相关的差异基因,在滞育期间呈现不同程度的上调表达,涉及了脂肪酸生物合成、甘油脂代谢、类固醇生物合成等代谢途径,除与脂质合成相关的脂肪酸合成酶、超长链脂肪酸延伸酶基因上调表达外,与脂质分解相关的酶,如酯酶同样上调表达,可能与提高茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂免疫力有关;与激素合成相关基因的上调表达,可能抑制茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂卵巢发育。     

高压静电场对油菜种子品质的影响及机理初探

研究了高压静电场处理种子在大田生长条件下的长期效应。结果表明,较低电压的处理可提高硫甙含量,显著降低含油量,而较高电压的处理可降低硫甙含量,极显著降低芥酸含量。采用平面类脂双层模型分析外加高压静电场对植物细胞跨膜电位的影响,并探讨其微观机理,一定程度上可以解释相关的试验结果。     

番鸭产蛋各期肝脂肪酸组成及AMPK信号通路基因表达研究

旨在探究产蛋各期番鸭肝腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）信号通路基因表达和肝脂肪酸组成,为番鸭肝脂质代谢应答产蛋提供机理研究。本研究选取开产前22周龄、产蛋初期30周龄、产蛋中期40周龄和产蛋末期60周龄母番鸭各15羽,全自动生化仪测定血脂水平,苏木精-伊红（HE）染色和油红O染色观察肝组织学结构,实时荧光定量PCR （qRT-PCR）检测肝AMPK通路基因表达,气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）检测产蛋各期肝脂肪酸组成。结果表明,总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（VLDL-C）水平在40周龄显著高于22、30和60周龄（P<0.05）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平在30和40周龄显著低于22和60周龄（P<0.05）。肝HE和油红O染色切片显示,肝在22周龄呈实质状,至产蛋40和60周龄,肝脂滴沉积明显（P<0.05）。AMPKα1在22、30、40和60周龄呈本底低水平表达,并显著低于产蛋各期肉碱脂酰转移酶1（CPT1）和脂肪酸合成酶（FAS）的表达量（P<0.05）,FAS在22、40和60周龄均呈高水平表达（P<0.05）;羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶（HMGR）、肝细胞核因子4α（HNF4α）、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1（ACC1）和固醇调控元件结合蛋白-1（SREBP1c）在40周龄表达量显著高于22和30周龄（P<0.05）。肝中饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）主要由C16∶0、C18∶0、C18∶1和C20∶2 n-6构成,分别占总脂肪酸含量的32%、16%、30%和9%。C14∶0和C16∶0含量在40周龄显著高于22周龄（P<0.05）;C24∶0、C20∶2 n-6和PUFA含量在60周龄显著高于22和40周龄（P<0.05）。综上,番鸭产蛋期肝通过上调FAS等脂质合成基因表达,合成大量长链脂肪酸,沉积于肝,并增加血脂水平。     

Changes in lipid composition of different tissues of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) during short‐term starvation

In this work, we study the variations in concentration (mg 100 g^?1 dry weight) and total content (mg individual^?1) of different lipid classes in muscle and the digestive gland of Octopus vulgaris during an 8‐day starvation period. In all the samples analysed, polar lipids (PL) predominated in muscle (267.3–337.2 mg 100 g^?1) compared with neutral lipids (66.9–104.7 mg 100 g^?1). A significant positive tendency was observed in muscle for the content and concentration of monoglycerides as a consequence of starvation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a higher cholesterol (CHO) content was detected in this tissue after the fourth day of starvation compared with the fed animals (P < 0.05). Neutral lipids predominated in the digestive gland (12 958–14 151 mg 100 g^?1) compared with PL (3157–6517 mg 100 g^?1), with triglycerides, free fatty acids and monoglycerides being the major lipid classes. The concentration of PL and monoglycerides showed a positive trend with starvation, while the triacylglycerol showed a negative tendency (P < 0.05). The results suggest that triglycerides and CHO are transported simultaneously from the digestive gland to the muscular tissues during starvation and the preferential use of PL and CHO during growth phases. It was estimated that lipids contributed 26% of the energy costs of the animals during starvation, mainly in the form of triglycerides from the digestive gland.     

低聚木糖对小鼠血糖和血脂的影响

为研究低聚木糖对小鼠血糖、血脂的影响,采用四氧嘧啶造糖尿病小鼠模型,喂食高脂溶液建立高脂血症小鼠模型,对其灌胃低聚木糖,测定小鼠体重、血清中血糖(Glu)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量。结果表明:低聚木糖可使正常小鼠的体重减轻,有效降低糖尿病小鼠的Glu含量而不改变ALT,降低高脂血症小鼠TG、TC的水平,提高HDL-C与TC的比值。     

干旱胁迫下杏叶片膜脂脂肪酸组分和乙烯释放及LOX活性的变化

自然干旱条件下,杏叶片相对含水量和脂肪酸不饱和指数(IUFA)随干旱时间的延长而逐渐下降,细胞质膜透性增大,乙烯释放率和脂氧合酶(LOX)活性均表现出"先上升后下降"的趋势.恢复灌水后这些指标有不同程度的恢复.抗旱性强的品种"冰佳娜丽"在干旱条件下能维持较高的叶片相时含水量,较低的细胞质膜透性、乙烯释放率及LOX活性.     

Effect of dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios on growth, lipid deposition and metabolic hepatic enzymes in juvenile Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup)

A study was undertaken to determine the effect of various dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios on growth performance, whole‐body composition and tissue lipid content in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles. Data on the dietary regulation of key hepatic enzymes of the lipogenic and glycolytic pathways (glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD; malic enzyme, ME; fatty acid synthetase, FAS; pyruvate kinase, PK and glucokinase, GK) were also generated. Four isonitrogenous (crude protein: 52% dry matter (DM)) diets were formulated to contain one of two lipid levels (11% and 21% DM). Within each dietary lipid level, the nature of the carbohydrate fraction (raw or extruded peas) was varied. Triplicate groups of 54 sole (initial body weight: 23.6±1.2 g) were grown in recirculated seawater over 67 days. Fish were fed using automated feeders. At the end of the study, whole‐body, liver, viscera and muscle samples were withdrawn for analyses. During the experimental period, the mean fish weight about doubled in all treatments. No significant differences were found in growth performance (ranging from 1.1% to 1.4% body weight day^?1) among dietary treatments. High‐fat diets increased whole‐body fat content. Similarly, daily fat gain ranged from 0.54 to 0.78 g kg^?1 day^?1 and highest values were found in fish fed high‐lipid diets. Dietary treatments also affected tissue lipid content (liver, viscera and muscle), with highest values in fish fed high‐fat diets. The nature of dietary carbohydrates had little influence on performance criteria, but affected tissue lipid deposition. The activities of G6PD, ME and FAS were depressed by elevated levels of dietary lipid, confirming the inhibitory effect of dietary fats on lipid biosynthesis. At both dietary lipid levels, ME and FAS activities were little affected by dietary carbohydrate. Activities of PK and GK were not affected by the starch level of the diets. In Senegalese sole juveniles, the lipogenic pathway is more susceptible to modulation by dietary means (particularly through lipid intake) than the glycolytic pathway.