复盐胁迫对几种燕麦种子萌发指数的影响

采用加拿大7种燕麦(A.nuda)种子,在不同梯度的Na2SO4、NaCl等组分盐溶液中进行发芽试验.结果表明:复盐胁迫下,种子开始发芽的时间推迟,发芽过程延长,随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,7种燕麦种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数、简易活力指数均有不同程度的降低,而盐害指数升高,且不同品种间存在显著或极显著差异;随复盐浓度的增...     

异形温室结构的空间有限元分析

为了给空间索杆单元杂交结构的温室提供设计依据,以异形结构温室为例,利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS10.0对该温室结构进行了静力线性有限元分析。计算得到3种荷载工况下结构主要构件的应力和最大挠度值:上弦杆σmax=170 MPa,ωmax=26 mm;下弦杆σmax=42.5 MPa,ωmax=20 mm;立柱σmax=29.3 MPa,ωmax=20mm;环梁σmax=55.3 MPa,ωmax=20 mm;檩条σmax=72.6 MPa,ωmax=26 mm。应力和变形结果均满足结构强度要求。该有限元分析方法可以推广到类似的温室结构的空间索杆单元杂交结构。     

竹阔混交模式对毛竹出笋量的影响

通过研究不同混交树种、不同混交密度、不同混交方法对毛竹混交林出笋量的影响,结果表明:在以不同混交树种混交中,组合特性为落叶、喜光的出笋量最高,常绿、喜光的最低;以不同密度混交中,密度为150株·hm-2的出笋量最高,毛竹纯林的最低;以不同混交方法混交中,块状混交的出笋量最高,毛竹纯林的最低.     

倭肯河上游两种林型枯落物和土壤持水特性

为探讨不同树种组成的林分持水特性,采用实地调查与室内浸泡法,对倭肯河上游杂木林和阔叶红松林枯落物的蓄积量和持水特性进行测定,采用环刀法对土壤持水量进行测定。结果表明:两种林型枯落物厚度约7.5 cm,蓄积量为8.07~9.85 t/hm²,最大持水量相当于可吸收2.0~2.5 mm的降水,有效拦蓄量相当于可吸收1.0 mm的降水。枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈对数函数关系(R 2>0.9843),吸水速率与浸水时间呈幂函数关系(R 2>0.9999)。两种林型土壤总孔隙度范围为50.32%~51.41%,非毛管孔隙度范围为3.00%~4.44%,土壤最大持水量范围为1509.74~1542.17 t/hm²,土壤有效持水量范围为89.96~133.32 t/hm²。阔叶红松林密度低,生产力高,枯落物层最大持水量、有效拦蓄量,土壤层最大持水量、有效持水量均高于杂木林,但各评价指标差异不显著(p>0.05)。两林地持水能力中等偏低,以提高森林水源涵养为目标时,可维持现有结构,进一步开展密度调整研究。     

影响安徽农民增收的“双核心”因素分析

摘要：作为“三农”工作的重心——促进农民增收一直是安徽农村发展的重点和难点,而影响农民增收的因素众多。为此,该文收集1985-2009年安徽农民收入的相关面板数据建立模型,进行实证分析,从众多影响安徽农民增收的因素中提取“双核心”影响因素：农村城镇化水平和农民素质,以期为“十二五”时期促进安徽农民增收提供理论支持。     

One hundred years of population ecology: Successes,failures and the road ahead

Population ecology is the most mature of the three subdisciplines of ecology partly because it has a solid mathematical foundation and partly because it can address the primary questions of distribution and abundance with experimental protocols. Yet there is much left to do to integrate our population knowledge into community and ecosystem ecology to help address the global issues of food security and the conservation of biodiversity. Many different approaches are now being developed to bring about this integration and much more research will be necessary to decide which if any will be most useful in achieving our goals of explaining the changes we see in the distribution and abundance of animals and plants. Food web ecology would appear to be the best approach at present because it uses the detailed information of the population ecology of particular species in combination with data on consumer–resource interactions to apply to the applied problems of biodiversity conservation, food security, pest management and disease prevention. If we can use our understanding of population ecology to address the practical problems of our time in a creative way, we will benefit both the human population and the Earth's biodiversity. Much remains to be done.     

格网化小麦生长模拟预测系统设计与实现

利用作物生长模型模拟小麦区域生产力,分析气候变化对农业生产的影响是研究粮食安全的热点问题之一。拥有操作方便、计算快速特点的小麦区域生产力模拟系统,可有效提高作物生长模型区域应用能力。该研究在分解小麦生长模型WheatGrow算法基础上,利用Python语言构建了格网化小麦生长模型,实现了基于空间格网数据的小麦区域生产力模拟。验证试验结果表明:模拟产量的均方根误差为1 070 kg/hm²,标准均方根误差小于20%,系统所集成的WheatGrow模型具有较好的预测性;同时,结合格网数据分块构建区域模拟的并行计算策略,优化了区域模拟的性能。在此基础上,采用GIS组件式开发模式,在.NET平台下开发格网化小麦生长模拟预测系统,实现作物生长模型与GIS耦合,为研究区域小麦产量潜力,评估气候变化对小麦生长影响,制定农业决策提供软件工具。     

Integrating multiple electromagnetic data to map spatiotemporal variability of soil salinity in Kairouan region,Central Tunisia

Soil salinization is a major problem affecting soils and threatening agricultural sustainability in arid and semi-arid regions,which makes it necessary to establish an efficient strategy to manage soil salinity and confront economic challenges that arise from it.Saline soil recovery involving drainage of shallow saline groundwater and the removal of soil salts by natural rainfall or by irrigation are good strategies for the reclamation of salty soil.To develop suitable management strategies for salty soil reclamation,it is essential to improve soil salinity assessment pro cess/mechanism and to adopt new approaches and techniques.T his study mapped a recovered area of 7200 m2 to assess and verify variations in soil salinity in space and time in K airouan region in Central Tunisia,taking into account the thickness of soil materials.Two electromagnetic conductivity meters(EM38 and EM31)were used to measure the electrical conductivity of saturated soil-paste extract(ECe)and apparent electrical conductivity(E Ca).Multiple linear regression was established between ECe and ECa,and it was revealed that ECa-EM38 is optimal for E Ce prediction in the surface soils.Salinity maps demonstrated that the spatial structure of soil salinity in the region of interest was relatively unchanged but varied temporally.Variation in salinity at the soil surface was greater than that at a depth.These findings can not only be used to track soil salinity variations and their significance in the field but also help to identify the spatial and temporal features of soil salinity,thus improving the efficiency of soil management.     

木荷马尾松混交林生物量与生产力的研究

通过对木荷马尾松不同混交比例的林分生物量，蓄积量，生长状况和空间利用方面的对比研究，结果表明：一定的密度下，选择适宜的混交比例能显提高林分生产力及空间利用率，当密度为3150株／hm2时，混交比例为1：1有7年生林分生物量最大达m/82.90t.hm^-2，蓄积量最大为V／24．73m^3.hm^-2，叶生物量m/14.27t.hm^-2，林分生长状况良好，该处理林分，空间利用率高，生物量或蓄积量比其它模式提高30－80％，显提高了经济效益和生态效益，可供生产经营参考。