黄瓜种子及幼苗期耐冷性鉴定

对6个生态类型的22个黄瓜品种（系）的种子在15 ℃低温下相对发芽力、2.5 ℃低温处理后胚根伸长速率和三叶一心期的相对电解质渗透率共4项指标分别进行了测定,并采用隶属函数法对22个品种（系）的耐冷性进行了综合评价。结果表明,8个华北型黄瓜品种（系）中有2个强耐冷性品系和1个耐冷品种,4个华南型黄瓜均属于不耐冷或冷敏感类型,美国露地型黄瓜、欧洲温室型和露地型黄瓜共9个品种（系）包括了耐冷、中等耐冷和不耐冷等不同类型|日本型黄瓜日节成表现为冷敏感类型。     

四种草坪草对干旱胁迫的反应及抗旱性评价

以大穗结缕草、沟叶结缕草、普通狗牙根和百慕大4种草坪草为材料,对其干旱胁迫过程中生理指标进行了研究,并采用隶属函数法对其抗旱性进行比较,以期为我国干旱和半干旱地区草坪草的栽培提供试验依据。结果表明：叶片相对含水量（RWC）在胁迫15d时比对照降低、而相对电导率（REC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活...     

Elephant-induced structural changes in the vegetation and habitat selection by large herbivores in an African savanna

African elephants can affect the quality of the habitat of other species by breaking or uprooting trees and shrubs in savannas. Their effect on vegetation has been widely studied but less is known about the effects of such vegetation changes on other animals. We studied how changes in the vegetation caused by elephants influence the selection of microhabitats by five African herbivore species (giraffe, kudu, steenbok, impala, and zebra) in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. There was no clear significant effect of overall elephant-induced vegetation changes on microhabitat selection except for the small species (steenbok and impala) that used vegetation modified by elephants preferentially. This is consistent with a medium-term browsing facilitation hypothesis. More subtle possible effects were detected for larger browsers (giraffe and kudu). They selected areas with broken and uprooted plants and avoided coppiced areas. All of the browsers selected sites characterized by plants uprooted and broken by elephants, which were associated with a higher visibility, and ultimately a better probability of detecting an approaching predator, suggesting that perceived predation risk plays an important role in microhabitat selection. These results illustrate how elephants can initiate indirect effects that influence microhabitat selection by other herbivores. Understanding the indirect effects of elephants through changes in food availability and predation risk thus needs further investigation. The results of this study do not provide support for the hypothesis that elephant-induced changes in the structure of habitats have caused the declines in the populations of the other herbivores in the study area.     

Factors related to the distribution and prevalence of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Rana cascadae and other amphibians in the Klamath Mountains

The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes the disease chytridiomycosis, has been associated with declines and extinctions of montane amphibians worldwide. To gain insight into factors affecting its distribution and prevalence we focus on the amphibian community of the Klamath Mountains in northwest California. The Cascades frog (Rana cascadae), one of the most common amphibians in these mountains, experienced increased mortality as a result of Bd exposure in laboratory trials and has experienced recent, dramatic declines in other parts of California. We surveyed 112 sites in the Klamaths, all of which supported R. cascadae between 1999 and 2002, for amphibians and Bd to (1) determine the distribution of Bd, (2) evaluate changes in the distribution of R. cascadae, and (3) assess associations between potential biotic and abiotic drivers and Bd infection. Bd was widely distributed in the Klamath Mountains – we detected the pathogen at 64% of sites. R. cascadae was found at 79% of sites, and was often infected with Bd. These results suggest that Bd has not caused dramatic declines in R. cascadae in the Klamaths in recent years. Subadult R. cascadae had a higher Bd prevalence than other R. cascadae life stages (subadults: 36%, adults: 25%, metamorphs: 4%, larvae: 1%), and while the probability of infection decreased over the season for adults, it did not for subadults, suggesting that subadults may be more vulnerable to chytridiomycosis than other R. cascadae life stages. Bd prevalence in R. cascadae was highest early in the season at high-elevation sites, which may indicate that populations inhabiting high elevation sites may have a greater risk of being affected by chytridiomycosis. Three other common amphibian species also tested positive for Bd: Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla), western toad (Anaxyrus boreas), and rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa).     

基于BP神经网络的农机总动力预测

分析了BP神经网络用于预测时存在的不足,进而对基于BP神经网络的时间序列的预测问题进行了探讨.根据BP神经网络结构的特点,依据Z变换理论,提出了这一类预测问题可选用y=x作为传递函数,并分析指出了在BP神经网络中,以y=x作为传递函数与y=a+bx作为传递函数等价的结论,同时指出了网络结构应为两层网络.在此基础上,推导...     

广西珠江防护林体系建设现状与发展

广西珠江防护林体系于1996～2000年、2001～2010年分二期建设,共完成营造林49.10万hm2,森林资源总量的增加和质量的提高,使森林涵养水源和保育土壤的生态功能得到增强.文中总结了防护林体系建设中建立示范点,带动工程建设等成功经验,分析了工程用地限制条件太严,工程造林树种、林种结构不合理,防护林效益低等问题.藉此,提出了提高补偿标准,加大营林投入,放宽工程用地限制条件,增加造林地类等对策与建议.     

浅析江苏省农业科学院溧水植物科学基地休闲观光功能

根据江苏省农科院溧水植物科学基地的资源条件,以及近年来的运行情况,分析拓展其功能定位中的休闲观光功能的利弊因素,提出应对策略,以期进一步拓展基地的休闲观光功能,满足广大市民对回归自然的需求,实现基地经济和社会效益的双赢。     

一种有效的ABS汽车制动性能检测方法

针对现行检测站的台架试验检测无法真实地反映其制动性能,而道路试验的随机性大、重复性较差等问题.在理论分析的基础上建立ABS汽车的制动性能检测结果的区间函数,结合高速道路试验,对其结果进行评价.结果表明:该方法能大大地减少道路试验的随机性.并能可靠地对ABS汽车的制动性能进行评价.     

正态模糊数的线性回归估计含水层参数

将正态模糊数线性回归模型应用于分析抽水试验数据,反演含水层参数的过程中。以简化泰斯公式为基础,将经典线性回归参数正态模糊化,建立估计含水层参数的模糊线性回归模型,利用模糊集的λ-截集概念确定含水层参数在一定置信水平λ下的取值范围。最后实际算例,验证了方法的可行性、可靠性,同时也表明在不同的置信水平λ的情况下,含水层参数的计算结果的范围虽然有一定变化,但这种变化都很微小,由此表明文中提出的方法具有一定的稳定性,为确定含水层参数提供新的途径。