枣豆间作系统光强和土壤水分空间变化及其对大豆生长发育 …

选择株行距为 3.5m× 15m的枣豆间作田 ,研究其光照和土壤水分空间变化及其对大豆生长发育的影响。结果表明 :间作系统中树冠下和树冠外的光强分别为对照的 5 2 .2 %和 87.9% ,树冠下和树冠外的土壤含水量分别为行中的 80 .2 %～ 82 %和 90 .4%～ 94%。由于光照不足和水分胁迫降低了大豆的株高和叶面积 ,树冠下和树冠外较行中分别减产 36 .3%～ 17.7% ;较对照田减产 2 1.3%和 2 .7% ,而行中大豆产量较对照增产 15 %。     

弱光对日光温室黄瓜光合产物分配的影响

研究了弱光逆境对日光温室黄瓜生长发育及同化物分配的影响,结果表明,光照是影响日光温室黄瓜生长发育的首要环境因子,弱光使黄瓜生长变慢,化瓜率升高,产量下降,弱光条件下黄瓜功能叶片光合产物输出比率显著降低,向瓜和生长点中的分配明显减少,向茎和根中的分配随环境条件下不同而异,,日光温室和人工气候箱内的弱光处理对黄瓜光合产物分配的影响是不同的。     

不同光质间断暗期对农垦58s叶片细胞膜透性及外渗液主要成分含量的影响

短日照（１０ｈ）长暗期（１４ｈ）生长条件下的农垦５８ｓ幼苗,暗期红光间断处理后４ｄ,其叶片细胞膜透性,外渗液中蛋白质、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量明显比远红光处理的低。处于育性转换敏感期的叶片短日照（１０ｈ）处理１１ｄ后其细胞膜透性,４ｄ后外渗液中蛋白质含量高于长日照（１４ｈ）处理的,而短日照处理的可溶性糖含量则低于长日照处理的。     

提高绿光占比对黄瓜幼苗形态、光合性状及碳水化合物的影响

为探究不同绿光占比对黄瓜幼苗形态、光合性状及碳水化合物的影响,遴选适宜黄瓜幼苗生长的最优绿光占比,以‘新津优1号’黄瓜为材料,在固定红蓝光比为4∶1及总光强200μmol/(m²·s)的基础上,设定绿光占比为10%(G10%)、20%(G20%)和30%(G30%),使其强度分别为60、40、20μmol/(m²·s),研究不同绿光占比下黄瓜幼苗生长和生理指标的变化。结果表明：适宜范围内提高光质中绿光占比的比例可提高黄瓜幼苗鲜重及干重,G30%处理较G20%和G10%处理的鲜重分别增加了29.65%和29.26%。提高绿光占比降低了气孔孔隙面积,但增加了叶片气孔密度,G30%与G20%处理较G10%处理的孔隙面积显著降低了13.17%和23.05%,但G30%与G20%处理的气孔密度较G10%增加了20.22%和14.66%。提高绿光占比增加了叶片组织栅海比(P/S),G30%处理P/S值显著高于G20%与G10%处理。提高绿光占比可促进植物光合潜力,在光强为1 000μmol/(m²·s)的测定光源下,G30%处理的净...     

添加不同强度的远红光对黄瓜幼苗生长及光合作用的影响

为探究远红光强度对黄瓜幼苗形态、光合性状及碳水化合物的影响,明确不同红光(R)/远红光(FR)比值对黄瓜光合相关指标及参数的影响,以‘新津优1号’黄瓜为材料,在固定红蓝光强度及光合有效辐射的基础上,添加3种不同强度的远红光,使得各处理红光∶远红光的比值分别为10(L-FR)、1.2(M-FR)和0.8(L-FR),比较不同处理对于黄瓜幼苗生长及光合的影响。结果表明：增加远红光强度对黄瓜幼苗形态指标影响显著,M-FR和H-FR处理的鲜重较L-FR分别显著增加60.04%和56.60%;H-FR和M-FR处理株高较L-FR分别增加246.43%和200.63%。随着远红光强度增加,3个处理组气孔密度也随之显著增加,且气孔发育关键基因(MUTE和EPF1)相对表达量差异显著,蒸腾速率(E)、胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)和气孔导度(Gsw)随之增加;叶片上表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织及叶片厚度均呈现下降趋势;在一定程度内添加远红光将提高Rubisco酶活化水平。各处理黄瓜幼苗的总氮含量和碳氮比均随着远红光强度的增加而显著下降,L-FR处理黄瓜碳水化合物含量低于H-FR处理。综上,M...     

LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND USE EFFICIENCY DIFFER WITH MAIZE PLANT DENSITY IN MAIZE-PEANUT INTERCROPPING

• Intercropping intercepted more light than sole peanut but less than sole maize.• Maize light use efficiency (LUE) increased with plant density in the intercropping.• Intercropping did not affect LUE of maize but increased peanut LUE.Intercropping increases crop yields by optimizing light interception and/or use efficiency. Although intercropping combinations and metrics have been reported, the effects of plant density on light use are not well documented. Here, we examined the light interception and use efficiency in maize-peanut intercropping with different maize plant densities in two row configurations in semiarid dryland agriculture over a two-year period. The field experiment comprised four cropping systems, i.e. monocropped maize, monocropped peanut, maize-peanut intercropping with two rows of maize and four rows of peanut, intercropping with four rows of maize and four rows of peanut, and three maize plant densities (3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 plants m⁻¹ row) in both monocropped and intercropping maize. The mean total light interception in intercropping across years and densities was 779 MJ·m⁻², 5.5% higher than in monocropped peanut (737 MJ·m⁻²) and 7.6% lower than in monocropped maize (843 MJ·m⁻²). Increasing maize density increased light interception in monocropped maize but did not affect the total light interception in the intercrops. Across years the LUE of maize was 2.9 g·MJ⁻¹ and was not affected by cropping system but increased with maize plant density. The LUE of peanut was enhanced in intercropping, especially in a wetter year. The yield advantage of maize-peanut intercropping resulted mainly from the LUE of peanut. These results will help to optimize agronomic management and system design and provide evidence for system level light use efficiency in intercropping.     

轻基质配方对红豆树容器苗生长和生理的影响

[目的]探讨基质配方对红豆树容器苗生长和生理的影响,筛选适宜红豆树容器苗生长、提高苗木生理质量的基质配方,为培育红豆树优质苗木提供技术指导.[方法]以泥炭、椰糠、珍珠岩和蛭石为基质原料,按体积比配制成9种育苗基质,以无纺布袋作为容器进行红豆树容器育苗试验,分析基质配方的理化性质,测定红豆树容器苗苗高、地径、生物量和根系...     

盐度、温度和光照对广西沿海牟氏角毛藻生长的影响

【目的】结合广西防城港海区的水质和环境条件,探讨影响牟氏角毛藻生长的主要理化因子,筛选最佳理化参数,为规模化扩培生产提供技术数据。【方法】采用单因子变量方法研究盐度、温度、光照强度对牟氏角毛藻生长的影响,其中盐度设置0‰、5‰、10‰、20‰、30‰、35‰、40‰共7个梯度,温度设置25、28、31、34℃共4个梯度,光照强度设置1 000、4 000、7 000 lx共3个梯度。【结果】牟氏角毛藻在盐度5‰～40‰条件下均能正常生长,20‰盐度为牟氏角毛藻的最适盐度;高温培养条件下,31℃时牟氏角毛藻达到最大藻细胞浓度;温度越低,生长速度越慢,稳定期越长;温度越高,生长速度越快,稳定期越短;4 000 lx为牟氏角毛藻的最适生长光照强度,光照强度越高,稳定期越长。【结论】20‰盐度、31℃水温和4 000 lx光照强度是广西防城港海区牟氏角毛藻的最佳生长条件,生长速度和藻细胞密度均达最高值;过高或过低的盐度、温度、光照强度均会抑制牟氏角毛藻的生长。     

Modification of 0+ perch foraging behaviour by indirect cues of predation risk

Abstract –  Intake rate and prey size selection of 0+ perch, Perca fluviatilis , from Lake Wallersee (Austria) was studied at different illumination (day light: 400 lx, twilight: 2 lx) during 5 days of habituation to novel surroundings in aquaria. The hypothesis was tested that high illumination and novelty of surroundings (transfer from holding to test aquaria) as indirect cues of predation risk influences 0+ perch foraging behaviour. Significantly lower total intake and lower proportion of large Daphnia magna (two prey size groups, 2.9 and 1.2 mm, were used) were observed at higher illumination and under novel surroundings. Habituation to novelty caused an increase in consumption of large prey and decrease in consumption of small prey. During the whole period of habituation, more large prey was ingested at twilight than at daylight; no light-induced difference in ingestion of small prey was found. Foraging 0+ perch responded to indirect nonspecific cues of predation risk by reduction of intake of large prey, which are costly in terms of handling time. This allows fish to be more vigilant without ceasing their foraging activity even in potentially dangerous situations. In the lake, young perch are most vulnerable to abundant piscivorous fish and birds during the day; in twilight perch can afford a more time-consuming foraging activity.     

育苗基质用的有机废弃物腐熟堆沤技术研究进展

随着无土栽培的发展及泥炭资源的匮乏,基质的要求越来越向环保型、经济型、集约型以及具有优良理化性质的方向发展。有机废弃物是育苗基质的优良材料,但其本身含有一些易分解及有害物质须进行一定处理才能用作育苗基质。有机废弃物的前处理方法为腐熟发酵,本文对轻型基质发展状况及有机废弃物的高温好氧发酵技术进展进行简要地叙述。