锯缘青蟹血清凝集素的特性和盐析提取研究

对锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrate)血清凝集素的凝集特性进行了研究。结果显示:锯缘青蟹血清凝集素对人、兔、鼠、鸽子、中华鳖、鲫红细胞均有凝集作用,其中对小鼠红细胞凝集活性最强,血凝活性可达29;凝集素活性最适pH 6.0~7.4;盐度对凝集活力有较大影响,NaC l浓度在0.4~0.5 mol/L时基本失活;未纯化血清凝集素对Ca2+、Mg2+未表现出依赖性;凝集素活性能被N-乙酰葡萄糖胺特异性抑制。对青蟹血清凝集素进行硫酸铵分级沉淀分离后,发现凝集素活性主要分布在25%饱和度硫酸铵沉淀区,该组分凝集比活比血清高27.44倍,SDS-PAGE结果表明主要蛋白带型为79 ku、75 ku、72 ku。     

半乳糖结合凝集素的结构与功能

凝集素是自然界广泛存在的一大类糖结合蛋白 ,半乳糖结合凝集素 ( galectin)是凝集素家族中的一员 ,存在于多种生物、多种组织内 ,且进化保守 ,发挥着广泛的功能 ,参与细胞粘附、凋亡及免疫反应等多种生物学过程。目前 ,国内外对凝集素的研究日益增多 ,文章以哺乳动物的 galectin为重点 ,综述了 galectin的结构特性、配体、分泌方式和生物学功能等各方面的研究现状 ,为进一步了解和研究 galectin提供了参考     

Effects of a novel missense polymorphism within the SIGLEC5 gene on fertility traits in Holstein‐Friesian cattle

The aim of the study was to find functional polymorphism within two exons of the SIGLEC5 (sialic acid‐binding Ig‐like lectin‐5) gene and to examine its effects on the production and fertility traits of cows and bulls. Two hundred seventytwo Holstein‐Friesian cows and 574 bulls were included in the study. Novel missense polymorphism (A > G) within exon 3 causing substitution of amino acid arginine by glutamate in position 260 of SIGLEC5 protein (R260Q) was identified by sequencing and digestion by restriction enzyme Msp I. Basic production and fertility traits of cows and estimated breeding values (EBV) of bulls were analysed. The study demonstrated a significant association of SIGLEC5 R260Q polymorphism with days open and calving interval in cows as well as with breeding value for calving interval in bulls. An opposite effect of SIGLEC5 alleles for production and fertility traits was observed: the allele G increased the breeding value for the protein yield, while the allele A increased the breeding value for the calving interval. The current study suggests the involvement of SIGLEC5 R260Q polymorphism in biological processes related to fertility traits. This finding can be applied as a biomarker for a genetic improvement programme in Holstein‐Friesian cattle.     

Lectin histochemical pattern on the normal and cystic ovaries of sows

The lectin histochemical pattern (LHP) was characterized and compared in normal and cystic ovaries of sows. Six biotinylated lectins (PNA, SBA, WGA, RCA‐1, DBA and UEA‐1) were used on tissue sections. In the normal ovaries, the reaction to UEA‐1 and SBA was mild to moderate in mesothelial and endothelial cells. RCA‐1 staining was mild to moderate in theca interna of growing follicles, corpora luteum and mesothelium. In addition, this lectin presented strong reaction in endothelial cells, granulosa cells of atretic follicles, zona pellucida of growing follicles and plasma. DBA showed strong intensity in mesothelial and endothelial cells. There was mild to moderate reactivity to WGA in granulosa cells, corpus luteum and theca interna of follicles in development, and moderate in zona pellucida, in granulosa cells of atretic follicles and mesothelium. PNA staining was mild to moderate in oocytes and in the adventitia and media of medullary arteries. Changes in the LHP of the cystic ovaries were noted; however, there were no differences in these findings between the follicular and luteinized cysts. UEA‐1 reactivity in the cystic ovaries was moderately reduced in the mesothelial and endothelial cells, whereas there was mild reduction in the DBA staining in the granulosa cells. Reaction to RCA‐1 and WGA in the cysts also was decreased in theca interna, zona pellucida and granulosa cells of atretic follicles. Furthermore, endothelium and theca interna in the cystic ovaries presented mild reduction of marcation to SBA, whereas there was decreased reactivity to PNA in the oocytes and adventitia and media layers of the medullary arteries. The results of the current study show that cysts modify the LHP in swine ovaries. These changes of glycoconjugates in many ovarian structures could modify diverse process and may be one of the reasons for decreased fertility in sows.     

甘露糖结合凝集素基因的研究进展

疾病是影响畜牧业生产的主要因素，虽然传统的疾病控制方法对疾病的预防和治疗起到了重要作用，但随着分子生物学和基因工程技术的发展，分析在抗性和易感群体中候选基因的标记等位基因频率差异，结合遗传育种技术，提高家畜的抗病性与健康水平已成为当今提高家畜生产水平的重要途径。甘露糖结合凝集素（mannan-binding lectins，MBL）是构成人和动物血清补体凝集素途径的主要成分，在先天免疫过程中起重要作用。笔者简述了MBL的分布、结构、功能，介绍了MBL基因与抗病力的关系，对其作为家畜抗病育种遗传标记的应用前景进行了展望。期望MBL作为遗传标记，通过标记辅助选择进行抗病育种可以培育出抗病力强的家畜品种。     

刺槐种子凝集素对舞毒蛾幼虫营养代谢影响的初步研究

在室内饲养舞毒蛾的条件下，用刺槐种子凝集素处理的叶片喂食舞毒蛾幼虫，对幼虫取食叶片后的死亡率、消化率、转化率和利用率进行了研究，结果表明：与对照相比，取食处理叶片的幼虫，有较高的死亡率，达59％；刺槐种子凝集素对舞毒蛾幼虫的营养代谢有较强的抑制作用。     

Expression of garlic leaf lectin under the control of the phloem-specific promoter Asus1 from Arabidopsis thaliana protects tobacco plants against the tobacco aphid (Myzus nicotianae)

BACKGROUND: To check for correlation between the insecticidal properties and the specificity of lectins, a comparative study was made of the insecticidal activities of two garlic lectins with different biological activities.RESULTS: The insecticidal activity of the garlic (Allium sativum L.) leaf lectin ASAL and bulb lectin ASAII towards the tobacco aphid Myzus nicotianae Blackman was studied using bioassays with transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38). Bioassays were started with newborn nymphs of the tobacco aphid. Although during the first 7-8 days when nymphs developed to adults there were no apparent effects, part of the nymphal population was found to develop into winged (alate) forms. Later it became clear that transgenic plants expressing ASAL and ASAII had a significant effect on the reproduction capacity of the resulting adults, with a reduction of up to 40%. Different life table parameters such as prereproductive time, intrinsic rate of natural increase, generation time and doubling time were significantly affected (P < 0.05) in aphids grown on transgenic plant material expressing ASAL and ASAII.CONCLUSION: Bioassays with tobacco plants expressing ASAL and ASAII demonstrated a significant impact on the population growth of M. nicotianae. Therefore, both lectins can be considered as valuable candidate aphid control agents.     

非洲山毛豆种子凝集素性质的研究

以非洲山毛豆种子为材料,通过热稳定性试验、酸碱稳定性试验、糖专一性试验及金属离子试验对其凝集素的性质进行研究。结果表明:当温度大于70℃,凝集素活性全部丧失;凝集素在pH5.8~9.1范围内具有凝集活性;凝集素的抑制糖主要是乳糖、蔗糖,而D-半乳糖、海藻糖和麦芽糖对其完全没有抑制效果;山毛豆种子凝集素凝集兔红细胞的活性依赖于Ca2+和Mg2+,Mn2+对山毛豆种子凝集素凝集兔红细胞的活性无影响。     

转基因抗虫棉凝集素的检测

为探讨外源杀虫基因导入对棉花重要防御物质凝集素的影响,同时建立棉花凝集素的灵敏检测方法,采用血凝法检测转基因(Bt、CpTI和外源凝集素基因)棉花中凝集素的变化,并经胰蛋白酶处理鸡血红细胞、不同温度处理和比色法测定棉花的凝集素活性。结果表明,棉花叶片中凝集素水平随棉花生长而发生变化,不同外源基因的导入使棉花凝集活性升高或降低。采用经胰蛋白酶修饰后的鸡血红细胞检测,棉花凝集活性明显提高,最高是未经处理检测的64倍。棉花凝集素具有一定的抗热性,在45℃以下很稳定,但随温度的升高和处理时间的延长活性下降。血凝反应和比色法均能直观、定量地反映棉株中凝集素活性,但后者精度更高。以上研究结果表明,外源杀虫基因的导入引起棉花凝集素水平发生改变,比色法可以作为检测棉株中自身和外源凝集素基因表达后凝集活性的重要手段。     

Normal structure and age-related changes of the equine retina

Investigations of the pathophysiology of ocular diseases require a detailed knowledge of the microanatomy of the eye. The available information is still inadequate for the equine retina despite the importance of eye diseases in equine medicine. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of the histologic features of the horse eye as a reference for future studies. Thirty normal eyes of 15 healthy horses were examined immediately after slaughter. The retina of the horse differs considerably in the degree and quantity of neurons and glial elements as well as in vascular patterns compared to the retina of other domestic animals. Morphometric analysis revealed that the thickness of the retina varies between 80 microm at the ora serrata and 250 microm medial to the optic disc. Approximately 90% of the equine retina is comparatively thin (< 130 microm). This is a physiologic response to the distance that oxygen can diffuse in avascular retina. Ganglion cells form a single layer in all parts of the retina. The majority of ganglion cells are very large Nissl-positive cells. Small Nissl-negative ganglion cells are less abundant. A high ganglion cell density is found only in the central area. Vascularization is virtually absent from the retina with the exception of a narrow strip around the disc of the optic nerve, as revealed by lectin histochemistry. Light microscopy of the eyes of older horses repeatedly revealed cystoid degenerations in the retina adjacent to the pars plana of the ciliary body, as well as a destruction of the regular layering of the peripheral region of the retina.