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991.
992.
Fertilizer-induced Changes in Rhizosphere Electrical Conductivity: Relation to Forest Tree Seedling Root System Growth and Function 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fertilization is standard practice in forest tree seedling nursery culture. Additionally, fertilization at outplanting has potential to facilitate nutrient uptake and reduce transplant shock. Fertilization, however, may dramatically alter rhizosphere chemical properties such as pH, ion availability, and electrical conductivity (EC). These changes may inhibit root system growth and function by reducing soil osmotic potential and creating specific ion toxicities. The risk of root damage associated with high EC levels appears to be dependent on species, age of root system, and soil moisture availability. Root inhibition in container nursery culture of conifers is likely to occur above 2.5 dS m−1, though threshold EC levels for bareroot culture and field plantings are largely unavailable. Fertilization at outplanting has the added risk that drought conditions may prevent leaching of excess fertilizer salts, which can increase rhizosphere EC beyond safe levels and ultimately impair root uptake of water or nutrients. For fertilization programs to be successful, a critical threshold balance must be maintained between optimizing seedling nutrient availability in the rhizosphere, while minimizing potential for root damage. Future research is needed to identify optimal EC levels for a range of species across all stages of the reforestation process, from nursery culture through plantation establishment. 相似文献
993.
Leaf-water potential and soil-water depletion of walnut mulched with polyethylene and intercropped with alfalfa in Central Italy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In Italy, new agroforestry cultural models could play an important role in the diffusion of plantation forestry timber species. We studied the stem growth rates and leaf water potentials () of common walnut (Juglans regia L.), and gravimetric soil moisture (DW) depletion during the third and fourth growing seasons in an agroforestry trial in central Italy. Since the establishment of experimental plots in 1992, walnut was intercropped with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), with or without polyethylene (PE) mulching along tree rows. By the end of the study period, the unmulched-intercropped walnut was almost 68% smaller in stem diameter and height than the sole-unmulched control, demonstrating walnuts sensitivity to alfalfa competition. The competitive effect of alfalfa on walnut stem growth was effectively controlled/reduced by PE mulching. Stem growth rates of mulched-intercropped walnut were always lower than the control, but much higher (ca. 235% in stem diameter and height) than those of unmulched-intercropped walnut. The higher field performance of mulched-intercropped walnut compared to the un- mulched-intercropped treatment was associated with higher soil moisture and predawn and midday values during the summers driest periods. The presence of PE mulching was also associated with lower levels of soil moisture during the early and late growing season, but this did not negatively affect walnut and growth rates. These results suggest that in the climatic conditions of central Italy, competition for soil moisture between young common walnut trees and alfalfa can be substantially lowered, but not completely eliminated, by PE mulching.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
994.
Stephen Adu-Bredu Taketo Yokota Kazuharu Ogawa Akio Hagihara 《Journal of Forest Research》1997,2(1):31-37
The study was carried out in a 9-year-old hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.), stand over a span of three years from July 1992 to June 1995, primarily to predict litter production
from exteral tree dimensions by combining open-top clothtrap and clipping methods. Litter production was virtually concentrated
in October and November. Stem cross-sectional area at the crown base was proved to be the reliable predictor of litter production,
and that single regression model was evolved irrespective of year. The regression model had proportional constants of 2.696
× 10−2 and 3.540 × 10−2 kg cm−2 year−1 for leaf litter and total litter production, respectively. Utilizing the model, leaf litter production of the stand was assessed
to be 5.04, 5.12, and 4.99, and total litter production to be 6.48, 6.58, and 6.40 Mg ha−1 year−1 for the first, second and third year, respectively. Biomass increment was 6.67, 7.80, and 7.70, tree mortality was 0.15,
0.13, and 0.41, and insect grazing was 0.09, 0.05, and 0.002 Mg ha−1 year−1 for the first, second and third year, respectively. Above-groud net production was therefore 13.39, 14.55, and 14.51, Mg
ha−1 year−1, and biomass accumulation ratio (biomass/net production) was 1.86, 2.21, and 2.76 year for the first, second and third year,
respectively. Considering data from earlier studies and the results of this study, biomass accumulation ratio,BAR (year), of hinoki stands was best related to above-ground biomass,y (Mg ha−1), using the power function:BAR=0.112y
0.936. Excluding seedling stands, leaf efficiency (above-ground net production per unit leaf mass) of hinoki stands was 0.91±0.02
(SE) Mg Mg−1 year−1, irrespective of stand biomass or age. 相似文献
995.
徐朴 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,(1)
本文运用统计模式识别原理,提出了一种以内燃机声响信号的时间序列自回归系数及自回归倒谱系数作为模式的特征参数,对参考模式和待检模式用灰色系统的关联测度、Mahalanobis距离测度和Kullback-leiber信息量距离测度同时进行识别,并用层次分析法对识别结果进行综合,从而达到诊断故障目的的方法。通过实验验证,表明其是有效而可行的方法。 相似文献
996.
Arnoud Budelman 《Agroforestry Systems》1988,6(1-3):137-145
The performance of the leaf mulches ofLeucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium andFlemingia macrophylla in weed control has been tested in two trials. The length of the period during which a mulch layer yields significantly less
weedbiomass compared to the control plots is called the ‘effective life-span’ of the mulch.
Of the three mulch materials only that ofF. macrophylla shows promise in retarding weed development.
In the second trialF. macrophylla leaf mulch was applied at rates of 3, 6 and 9 tons dry matter per ha. The effective lifespan of a mulch layer of 3 tons is
between 12 and 13 weeks. The treatments 6 and 9 tons have effective life-spans of over 14 weeks.
For moderate quantities (up to 5 tons of dry leaf mulch per ha) the effective life-span is estimated at about a 100 days.
The value of mulching in weed control is limited to the control of weed species that multiply by seed. Regrowth originating
from roots or stumps from former vegetation is unlikely to be checked by a mulch layer.
The subject of this paper is part of a broader study, presently conducted in Southern Ivory Coast, on the production, agronomical
value and use in alley-cropping systems of the species mentioned in the title of the paper. A final report is scheduled for
publication in 1988. 相似文献
997.
998.
雷竹开花期内源激素、氨基酸和营养成分含量变化 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:9
竹类植物开花较罕见 ,对其开花的原因也有不同的学说 ,如病理学说、营养学说、周期学说、个体变异和突变学说、气候学说等 (毛高喜等 ,1996 ;周芳纯 ,1998) ,但有学者认为内源激素对植物的开花有一定的调节作用 (王锋 ,1990 ;梁武元等 ,1986 ;王白坡等 ,1999;马国华等 ,1995 ;王彦清等 ,1998;陆军等 ,1993)。根据植物生长习性 ,开花植物有 2种不同衰老方式。其中一类是一生中只开一次花 ,即在开花结实后整株植株就衰老死亡 ,这类植物称为单稔植物 ,竹类植物就属于这一类植物。植物内源激素是体内十分重要的活性物质 ,它参与并调整植物的新陈… 相似文献
999.
1000.