Yield and morphological responses of a forage sorghum to mefluidide

Abstract

Due to rapid growth, stem build‐up in forage sorghum crops often leads to considerable wastage by animals and consequent loss of production. In this study the potential of the chemical plant growth regulator, mefluidide, for modifying the morphology of forage sorghum was examined. Mefluidide was applied to two consecutive plantings of forage sorghum at 0; 0,14 and 0,28 kg/ha. Treatment with mefluidide suppressed stem elongation of sorghum plants and stimulated tillering 4–6 weeks after application. After 6 weeks the stem:leaf ratio of treated plants was significantly lower (P ≤0,05) than that of control plants. On average, total dry matter (DM) yield was marginally higher for the control, but DM yield of leaf material was significantly higher. (P ≤0,05) for treated plots from 6 weeks after mefluidide application. No significant differences were observed between levels of mefluidide but responses of different variables over time differed between plantings. This was associated with different stages of plant growth when mefluidide was applied and different environmental conditions for two plantings.     

水分对柠条萌蘖株和未平茬株光合参数及调渗物质的影响

对柠条Caragana korshinskii平茬后的萌蘖株和未平茬的对照株在夏季旺盛生长期进行了水分处理,并研究了浇水前后萌蘖株和对照株光合参数及调渗物质的变化。浇水前,萌蘖株具有较高的水势 (LWP)、光合速率(A)、气孔导度(G)、蒸腾速率(E)、光系统II最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)和光系统II实际量子产率(△F/Fm′);而对照株相应指标较低,但对照株光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）,脯氨酸(Pro)、 丙二醛(MDA)含量较高。浇水后,对照株LWP、A、G、E、Fv/Fm、△F/Fm′均有不同程度的上升,而NPQ值和Pro、MAD的含量下降。浇水对萌蘖株和对照株叶绿素(Chla+b)含量影响不显著,且浇水前后萌蘖株均高于对照株。结果表明：萌蘖株在生长季所受干旱胁迫较小,植物将更多的光能以光合作用的形式利用,植物生长迅速;而对照株所受干旱胁迫的影响较为严重,光合速率低,植物将更多的光能以热的形式消耗,导致植物生长缓慢。     

蜀宣花牛体型外貌、线性评定及生理指标测定

[目的]为了充分了解牛群的体型外貌及生理指标情况,我们对牛群体型外貌进行了评定、同时对牛群的毛色、肤色、踢、角及生理指标进行了调查研究。[方法]通过对牛群生理指标测定、体型外貌评定及毛色、肤色、踢、角颜色和形状分析。[结果]表明:蜀宣花牛肉用指数公母牛分别为5.3769和4.0725,低于国外专门化肉牛品种,但也明显高于国内几个比较有名的地方牛品种,由此说明,蜀宣花牛的肉用指数界于专用型肉牛和肉役兼用型牛之间。毛色以黄白花和红白花为主,占90.16%;皮肤颜色以纯粉色和粉色有斑点的为主,占96.92%;蹄质颜色以纯蜡黄色为主,占86.28%;角型以照阳角为主,占93.94%。成年母牛的生理指标分别为:体温平均38.38℃、心跳74.56次/min、呼吸18.74次/min和瘤胃蠕动2.84次/2min;体型外貌线性评定分析表明,蜀宣花牛母牛的14个性状中,除后房宽度、尻角度和乳房底部3个性状平均分略低于75分,强壮度、后房高度、乳头位置和乳静脉4个性状的平均分高于80分外,其余7个性状的平均分都在75~80分之间。[结论]从乳用性能的角度看,牛群的平均体型尚处在较理想型和理想型之间,还有待进一步选育提高。     

Survey and Analysis of Common Diseases of Laboratory Monkeys in Kunming Area

Survey and analysis of common diseases of laboratory monkeys are great significance to understand disease epidemiology, and formulate a set of scientific and reasonable measures for prevention and control disease, to improve the quantity and quality of laboratory monkeys, to ensure the accuracy of the animal experiment results. Through the investigation of the sick and dead animals of a large-scale laboratory monkeys breeding facility in Kunming area in 2014, the animals were classified depends on the main diseases, and the diseases were classified according to adult and juvenile animals, data were analyzed by Excel Office 2010 software. The results showed the common diseases of laboratory monkeys included the digestive system, respiratory system, trauma, reproductive system, and locomotor system disease, which were 47.45%, 13.06%, 12.10%, 11.46% and 8.92% separately; Common diseases included diarrhoea, soft tissue injuries, abortion, lobar pneumonia, dysentery, arthritis, intestinal pneumatosis, chronic colitis, and extreme bad nutrition, the ratio were 18.47%, 11.15%, 8.91%, 8.28%, 8.28%, 7.96%, 5.10%, 5.10% and 5.09% separately. Comprehensive analysis of common diseases and disease occurrence causes of the laboratory monkeys, suggesting that providing better quality laboratory monkeys for scientific research only by constantly improving the scientific breeding management level, constantly strengthening veterinary capacity, mastering the theoretical knowledge and scientific diagnosis method.     

Identifying phenological functional types in savanna trees

Savannas are notable for the varied patterns of leaf display in the tree layer. Characterising this variation, and assessing the range of phenological strategies apparent in savanna ecosystems will be helpful for understanding savanna tree life-histories and their response to global change. We recorded leaf phenological metrics on a monthly basis for 28 woody species for one year in a semi-arid savanna at Nylsvley Nature Reserve, South Africa. Using these metrics four plant functional types were described: (1) evergreen species, which retained full canopy throughout the year; (2) semi-evergreen species, which lost a significant amount of canopy during the dry season, but not less than 60%; (3) obligate deciduous species in which the canopy was leafless for about 3 months during the dry season; and (4) rain-stimulated species, in which canopy flushing was driven by rainfall patterns. Of the 28 species, 18% were evergreen, 18% obligate deciduous, 32% semi-evergreen and 32% were rain-stimulated species. These results confirm that phenological strategies are variable in savannas, and highlight that there are numerous cues controlling the timing of leaf out and leaf drop. By defining distinct phenological strategies we can predict which plant functional types will have phenological cues that will be vulnerable to shifting climates.     

基质对黑果腺肋花楸幼苗生长的影响

以黑果腺肋花楸(Aronia melanocarpa)为试验材料,选用田园土、泥炭土、珍珠岩和黄沙,采用正交试验设计,研究不同基质配比对黑果腺肋花楸成苗率以及幼苗形态指标和生理指标的影响。结果表明,不同育苗基质对黑果腺肋花楸出苗率、苗高、地径、主根长、侧根数和高径比等形态指标以及根系活力、可溶性糖、淀粉和蛋白质等生理指标的影响差异显著,综合分析各项指标,筛选出适合黑果腺肋花楸容器育苗的栽培基质为田园土(40%)+泥炭土(30%)+黄沙(30%)、田园土(40%)+珍珠岩(30%)+黄沙(30%)、田园土(40%)+泥炭土(30%)+珍珠岩(30%)和田园土(60%)+泥炭土(20%)+黄沙(20%)。     

不同鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠免疫机能影响的研究

研究了鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠免疫器官指数、血清球蛋白含量和巨噬细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数的影响。结果表明,鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠胸腺和脾脏指数影响不显著(P>0.05);但提高了老年雄性大鼠血清球蛋白含量,其中鹿胎制剂Ⅰ号组最高,比对照组高出62.64%,与其他各组相比有显著差异(P<0.05);鹿胎制剂Ⅱ号组和人胎盘粉处理组大鼠巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数与对照组相比有极显著提高(P<0.01),说明鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠具有提高免疫机能的作用。     

论中国的肉牛育种问题

中国是世界养牛大国，也是第三大牛肉生产国，然而还未有自己培训的专门化肉牛品种。肉牛育种问题十分迫切。中国的肉牛育种有良好的黄牛选育基础，特别是母牛基础较好。着重肉用性能选育、瞄准国际先进水平是由役用黄牛培育专门化肉牛的基本技术路线。按肉用指数（BPI）衡量，目前较多黄牛品种还处于“役肉兼用”阶段，个别是黄牛品种（母牛）可达到“肉役兼用”水平。“本品种选育、适量导血”可能是培育我国特色专门化肉牛新品种的较快而稳妥的途径。育种核心目标可以包括保留黄牛若干特征性状，但关键指标是使其BPI达到一定水平；公牛5．6，母牛4．0，以参于国际竞争，并支撑我国肉牛产业持续、健康发展。培育条件是选育肉牛新品种的极大限制因素，应大力加强。     

Expression of E‐cadherin in canine anal sac gland carcinoma and its association with survival*

The objective of this study was to determine whether an association could be demonstrated between survival and the expression of the adhesion molecule E‐cadherin by the neoplastic cells in a group of dogs with anal sac gland carcinomas (ASGCs). Archived formalin‐fixed, paraffin wax‐embedded primary tumour specimens were obtained for 36 cases of canine ASGC with known clinical management and survival data. Immunohistochemical methods were used to evaluate E‐cadherin expression by the neoplastic cells and data were evaluated for an association between E‐cadherin expression and survival. On univariate analysis, the median survival time for cases with tumours expressing E‐cadherin in more than 75% of cells was significantly greater than that for cases with tumours expressing E‐cadherin in fewer than 75% of cells (1168 versus 448 days, P = 0.0246). Both E‐cadherin expression and presence or absence of distant metastases were significantly associated with survival on multivariate analysis. This study demonstrates that expression of E‐cadherin at the cytoplasmic membrane in canine ASGCs is variable and potentially predictive of survival.     

施用镁肥对桑叶产量和叶质的影响

试验表明在Ｋ／Ｍｇ相对较高的酸性土壤,施用镁肥可提高桑叶产量和改善桑叶品质,在生产上可以施用钙镁磷肥或喷施２％硫酸镁溶液。