基于材料透气性参数的食品真空冷却过程中温度分布的理论研究

分析了真空冷却过程中食品温度分布不均匀的原因。以各向同性的理想食品作为研究对象,通过引入食品材料透气性参数,将食品内部点的汽化转化为食品表面的汽化,推导出真空冷却过程中食品各部分温差的表达式。在此基础上,探讨了各相关参数对温度分布的影响。结果表明：食品的比热容、沸腾系数和密度影响温度下降的速度,但是对达到预定温度时的总温差没有影响;提高食品的透气性参数值和减小食品内部点到表面的最短距离,可以减小温差;可以通过调节真空室的压力变化,提高食品温度分布的均匀性。     

超级杂交稻Ⅱ优航1号高产栽培产量结构分析

【目的】揭示超级稻Ⅱ优航1号的高产结构特征。【方法】2005-2006年调查了75块Ⅱ优航1号不同产量水平的产量结构,进行相关分析和通径分析。【结果】结果表明,每穗粒数对产量的贡献为61.47%,每公顷穗数为25.59%,结实率为9.32%。每公顷穗数和每穗粒数对每公顷总粒数的贡献分别为35.48%和62.70%。每公顷总粒数对库容量的贡献为99.96%。库容量对稻谷产量的贡献89.05%,结实率的贡献为10.23%。【结论】说明Ⅱ优航1号超高产的关键是应培育足穗大穗,增加单位面积的总粒数,扩大库容量,并注重提高结实率。     

台尔曼忍冬组织培养技术工厂化繁育研究

以台尔曼忍冬为试材进行织培养工厂化繁育。结果表明:台尔曼忍冬适宜的分化培养基配方为MS+0.6mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA+100mg/L水解乳蛋白,分化系数为3.2;筛选出适宜的生根培养基配方为1/2MS+0.6mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA,生根率92%;练苗5～7d后,在草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶1∶1的基质中移栽,成活率90%;大田定植成活率为95%。该研究建立了台尔曼忍冬组织培养技术工厂化繁育体系,达到了高效快速,且再生繁育体系稳定性好,可为今后的台尔曼忍冬组织培养繁殖技术提供参考。     

河南省野生葡萄属植物资源保护评价

为科学评价河南省野生葡萄属植物资源,根据资源调查数据结合资料报道,以"濒危系数"和"优先保护值"为指标,制定了河南省野生葡萄属植物资源优先护存等级定量评价指标体系,并进行了优先保护排序,为野生葡萄属植物的保护、开发利用提供了理论依据。     

Is a single force plate adequate for stabilographic analysis in horses?

Reasons for performing study: Postural balance can be quantified using stabilographic variables derived from force plate data that describe movements of the horse's centre of pressure (COP) in the horizontal plane. Most force plates are not large enough to accommodate all 4 limbs of a standing horse, so the study was designed to assess whether representative stabilographic data could be collected from the forelimbs or hindlimbs. Objective: To determine whether stabilographic data from either the forelimbs or the hindlimbs were representative of data for the total body. Methods: Stabilographic data (960 Hz) were collected from 17 sound horses standing with the forelimbs and the hindlimbs on separate force plates. To increase variability in the data, horses were of different sizes, the recording duration was varied (15–60 s) and data were collected under sighted and blindfolded conditions. Results: Correlation matrices indicated that total body stabilographic variables were highly significantly correlated with both forelimb and hindlimb data but correlation coefficients were higher for forelimb data. Forward stepwise regression selected forelimb data for inclusion in the model for 15/16 variables, the exception being mean absolute mediolateral velocity. Conclusions: Ground reaction force data from a pair of limbs, preferably the forelimbs, can be used to measure variables that represent total body postural balance in sound standing horses. Potential relevance: Stabilographic data from either the forelimbs or hindlimbs may be useful for detecting and quantifying deficiencies in postural balance in ataxic horses.     

林带冬季相结构参数及透风系数的算法推导

从林带结构参数——疏透度β、立木表面积疏透度S’、立木体积疏透度V’、地上生物表面积密度C、地上生物体积密度W的定义和运算关系出发,推演出冬季相林带结构参数之间、以及它们与林带透风系数α、林带宽度D、枝条平均直径d的相互关系,其表达式为:W=V’/D=1/4dC=dS’/4D=-πdlnβ/4D=-0.1πdlnα/D该式是对几个主要结构参数之间具有同质性的证明,说明不同结构参数概念具有本质上的继承性和一致性,不存在严格意义上的排他性,在一定条件下是可以换算的,为林带防风效应评价运算提供了方便。导出一组适合我国北方干旱风沙区农田防护林带防风效应评价的运算公式。     

整体式板桥静力荷载试验及计算方法研究

基于新施行的《公路桥梁承载能力检测评定规程》(JTG/T J21-2011),对整体式板桥进行静力荷载试验研究,利用桥梁结构专用分析软件Midas civil建立该整体式板桥的空间板单元模型,对静力荷载试验进行模拟,并将实测挠度、应力值和荷载横向分布系数与计算值进行对比分析。分析结果表明,该桥能够满足公路-Ⅰ级汽车荷载的使用要求;实测荷载横向分布系数与理论计算荷载横向分布系数相一致,且刚接板梁法计算值略大于有限元法计算值,设计时若按照简化刚接板梁法计算荷载横向分布系数偏于安全。     

哈公馆基坑支护与止水的施工工艺研究

对于高层、超高层建筑,基坑支护与止水施工技术措施是否科学、合理,对工程项目自身的质量与进度有重大影响,对工程经济效益提高与人身安全的保证起到关键性作用。文章结合哈公馆工程地质条件,对哈公馆基坑选择高压喷射注浆桩基坑支护与止水帷幕的施工方法,并详细介绍其支护与止水工程的设计施工技术和质量控制措施,取得良好的社会经济效益、技术效益,为解决基坑支护与止水难题提供一定借鉴意义。     

Agreement between direct, oscillometric and Doppler ultrasound blood pressures using three different cuff positions in anesthetized dogs

ObjectiveTo evaluate the agreement between invasive blood pressure (IBP) and Doppler ultrasound blood pressure (DUBP) using three cuff positions and oscillometric blood pressure (OBP) in anesthetized dogs.Study designProspective study.AnimalsNine adult dogs weighing 14.5–29.5 kg.MethodsThe cuff was placed above and below the tarsus, and above the carpus with the DUBP and above the carpus with the OBP monitor. Based on IBP recorded via a dorsal pedal artery catheter, conditions of low, normal, and high systolic arterial pressures [SAP (mmHg) <90, between 90 and 140, and >140, respectively] were induced by changes in isoflurane concentrations and/or dopamine administration. Mean biases ± 2 SD (limits of agreement) were determined.ResultsAt high blood pressures, regardless of cuff position, SAP determinations with the DUBP underestimated invasive SAP values by more than 20 mmHg in most instances. With the DUBP, cuff placement above the tarsus yielded better agreement with invasive SAP during low blood pressures (0.2 ± 16 mmHg). The OBP underestimated SAP during high blood pressures (?42 ± 42 mmHg) and yielded better agreement with IBP for mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressure measurements [overall bias: 2 ± 15 mmHg (MAP) and 0.2 ± 16 mmHg (DAP)].ConclusionsAgreement of SAP determinations with the DUBP is poor at SAP > 140 mmHg, regardless of cuff placement. Measurement error of the DUBP with the cuff placed above the tarsus is clinically acceptable during low blood pressures. Agreement of MAP and DAP measurements with this OBP monitor compared with IBP was clinically acceptable over a wide pressure range.Clinical relevanceWith the DUBP device, placing the cuff above the tarsus allows reasonable agreement with IBP obtained via dorsal pedal artery catheterization. Only MAP and DAP provide reasonable estimates of direct blood pressure with the OBP monitor evaluated.