Efficacy of a mephentermine‐based product as a vasopressor and a cardiac performance enhancer when given intramuscularly to cattle

The goal of this study was to confirm the vasopressor and cardiac effects of POTENAY^® INJETÁVEL (POT), a mephentermine‐based product, given to cattle with induced vascular/cardiac depression. Ten healthy Holstein cattle (206 ± 13 kg) followed a randomized‐complete‐block design (RCBD) utilizing crossover study design. Each animal randomly received (1 ml/25 kg, IM) of either POT (n = 10) or volume‐matched placebo control (0.9%NaCl, CP, n = 10). A subset of animals (n = 5) received POT first (day 0) while the remaining (n = 5) received CP; after a six‐day washout period, cattle received the opposite compound. Animals were anesthetized and catheterized for systemic/left ventricular hemodynamic monitoring. Myocardial dysfunction/hypotension was induced by increasing the end‐tidal isoflurane concentration until arterial blood pressure was 20% lower than at baseline and remained stable. Once the animal was determined to be hypotensive and hemodynamically stable, steady‐state hypotensive baseline data (BL2) were acquired, and treatment with either POT or CP was given. Data were acquired post‐treatment at every 15 min for 90 min. POT improved cardiac output (+68 L/min, ±14%, p < 0.05), MAP (+14 mmHg, ±4%, p < 0.05), HR (+22 bpm, ±8%, p < 0.05), and peak rates of ventricular pressure change during both systole (dP/dt_max: +37 mmHg/s ±13%, p < 0.05) and diastole (dP/dt_min: +31 mmHg/s, ±7%, p < 0.05). No improvements were noted following placebo‐control administration. Results indicate that POT improves cardiac performance and systemic hemodynamics in cattle with induced cardiovascular depression when given as single intramuscular injection.     

Fine structure of the canal neuromasts of the lateral line system in the adult zebrafish

The mechanosensory lateral line system of fish is responsible for several functions such as balance, hearing, and orientation in water flow and is formed by neuromast receptor organs distributed on head, trunk and tail. Superficial and canal neuromasts can be distinguished for localization and morphological differences. Several information is present regarding the superficial neuromasts of zebrafish and other teleosts especially during larval and juvenile stages, while not as numerous data are so far available about the ultrastructural characteristics of the canal neuromasts in adult zebrafish. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate by transmission electron microscopy the ultrastructural aspects of cells present in the canal neuromasts. Besides the typical cellular aspects of the neuromast, different cellular types of hair cells were observed that could be identified as developing hair cells during the physiological turnover. The knowledge of the observed cellular types of the canal neuromasts and their origin could give a contribution to studies carried out on adult zebrafish used as model in neurological and non‐neurological damages, such as deafness and vestibular disorders.     

Transgenerational epigenetic variance for body weight in meat quails

We aimed to estimate transgenerational epigenetic variance for body weight using genealogical and phenotypic information in meat quails. Animals were individually weighted from 1 week after hatching, with weight records at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age (BW7, BW14, BW21, BW28, BW35 and BW42, respectively). Single‐trait genetic analyses were performed using mixed models with random epigenetic effects. Variance components were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood method. A grid search for values of autorecursive parameter (λ) ranging from 0 to 0.5 was used in the variance component estimation. This parameter is directly related to the reset coefficient (ν) and the epigenetic coefficient of transmissibility (1‐ν). The epigenetic effect was only significant for BW7. Direct heritability estimates for body weight ranged in magnitude (from 0.15 to 0.26), with the highest estimate for BW7. Epigenetic heritability was 0.10 for BW7, and close to zero for the other body weights. The inclusion of the epigenetic effect in the model helped to explain the residual and non‐Mendelian variability of initial body weight in meat quails.     

2016/2017冬中国气温偏暖的基本特征及可能成因

利用中国740余站观测的月平均2 m气温资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,通过动力学诊断的方法,对2016—2017年中国冬季异常偏暖现象进行了研究。结果发现：中国2016—2017年冬季气温偏暖主要是由于西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压偏弱导致东亚冬季风偏弱,在中国存在异常的偏南风。阿留申低压偏弱由两个因素引起,一是由于阿留申群岛地区的海温偏低,冷源对应异常高压导致阿留申低压偏弱;二是阿留申低压在东亚副热带高空西风急流出口区以北,然而该冬季高空西风急流出口区位置偏南,导致阿留申地区偏离急流出口减压区,从而导致阿留申低压偏弱。此外,西风带偏北,中高纬亚洲大陆上空以纬向环流为主,不利于冷空气南下。     

罹患口腔炎乌苏里蝮的相关生理学指标分析

口腔炎是人工养殖蛇类的常见病之一,为了深入了解和尽早做好预防工作,对罹患口腔炎的成年雄蛇乌苏里蝮(Gloydius ussuriensis)进行解剖观察,并检测了相关器官的系数、血液学指标和激素等。结果表明:整体肥满度、躯体肥满度、肾系数等数值罹患口腔炎蛇略高于健康蛇;而肝系数、精巢系数和脂肪体系数等罹患口腔炎的蛇低于健康雄蛇,且前两者呈显著性差异,后者呈极显著性差异。性激素检测结果显示罹患口腔炎的蛇血液睾酮和雌二醇含量均低于健康蛇,且均具极显著性差异。血细胞指标中,红细胞数量、红细胞分布均差、白细胞总数、淋巴细胞数量和淋巴细胞比率等均为罹患口腔炎的蛇高于健康雄蛇,且具显著性差异,但嗜中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的比值(NLR)、中性粒细胞数量和比率、中间细胞数量及其比率均为患口腔炎的雄蛇低于健康蛇,且具显著性差异。结论:口腔炎不仅影响了主要代谢器官的器官系数的变化,而且血液多项指标和性激素水平也有明显差异。性激素含量的变化将对乌苏里蝮的正常生殖繁育产生不可忽视的影响。另外,NLR和红细胞分布宽度2个血常规指标可作为早期诊断炎症发生的首选参数。     

支管射流三通结构优化与试验

为了提高支管射流三通水力性能,改善滴灌的灌水均匀性,基于CFX数值模拟技术,对进口宽度为15 mm的支管射流三通进行结构优化.选取位差、劈距、劈尖半径和侧壁倾角为影响因素,通过四因素三水平正交设计了9组模型,边界条件设定为进口压力100 kPa.选取支管射流三通出口设计流量为评价标准,支管射流三通最优结构尺寸为位差5.5 mm、劈距113 mm、劈尖半径13 mm、侧壁倾角10°.此结构尺寸参数下的支管射流三通水力性能试验结果表明:在进口水压为100 kPa时,支管射流三通脉冲频率为148次/min,水头压力振幅为37.9 kPa,水头压力损失为16.7 kPa,出口流量为0.698 L/s;支管射流三通所接滴灌带长度为60 m时,与普通支管三通相比,支管射流三通的灌水均匀系数提高了2.78%,流量偏差率降低了4.72%.该研究可为射流技术在脉冲滴灌系统的研究、开发与应用提供理论依据.     

放牧压力对草原砂质栗钙土微生物量C,N,P影响的研究

对不同放牧压力下草原砂质栗钙土微生物量C、N、P进行较为系统地研究。结果表明：就土壤原土来看,随着放牧压力的增大,土壤微生物量C,N先增加后减少;土壤微生物量C在放牧率2.67只羊/hm2时相对较高,微生物量P随着放牧压力的增大逐渐降低。     

网球体能训练重点的决策研究

为了能科学地确定训练的重点，为网球教练员和运动员训练决策提供依据。综合使用测试法、变异系数和TOPSIS法对浙江省现役网球运动员体能的测试数据进行处理。结果：男队训练重点排序为：力量、爆发力、灵敏、速度、耐力；同理，女队训练重点的排序为：力量、爆发力、灵敏、耐力、速度；最后对每位运动员亟待加强指标进行排序。结论：变异系数和TOPSIS法计算的结果简单明了，节省资源，适宜不同专项、不同训练指标的训练过程的有效监控。     

非线性、分形与期锌市场价格

从非线性角度研究期锌市场，运用R/S分析法对期锌市场进行分析，发现期锌市场的Hurst指数为0.6183,其价格收益率序列是分维时间序列，具有分形结构，维数为1.6174。期锌市场的平均周期长度为176天，具有强持续性和相关性。关联系数为19.47%，远远大于国外相关市场。在风险方面，期锌市场的风险比期铜市场的要小，而比股票市场的风险要大。