Nutritional evaluation of decapsulated cysts of fairy shrimp (Streptocephalus dichotomus) for ornamental fish larval rearing

The suitability of decapsulated cysts of the fairy shrimp, Streptocephalus dichotomus as a sole diet was evaluated for the ornamental angelfish Pterophylum scalare larvae. Brine shrimp, Artemia sp., and microworms, Panagrellus redivivus, were used as comparison foods. The results indicate an appreciable weight gain of 15.22±1.69 mg and a growth (length) of 0.876±0.03 cm in experimental fish fed decapsulated fairy shrimp cysts compared with the growth and weight of fish fed other foods. The influence of the experimental diets was further reflected in the composition of fatty acid and amino‐acid profiles of the experimental fish. Angelfish larvae readily consumed the decapsulated cysts and utilized them efficiently during the early days of exogenous feeding.     

饲料磷脂对仔稚鱼营养生理的研究进展

近年来,磷脂(Phospholipids,PL)在仔稚鱼营养生理所发挥的作用引起人们广泛重视。综述了近年来饲料磷脂对仔稚鱼生长表现、消化道、骨骼发育以及脂肪代谢等方面的影响,以期为磷脂在水产苗种饲料中合理添加与应用提供理论参考。     

短须裂腹鱼规模化人工繁育技术研究

2012—2013年,为提高短须裂腹鱼人工繁育能力,以刚涌出的清澈无致病菌和虫的地下泉水为水源,采用水流培育亲鱼、流水孵化受精卵、活体饵料培育鱼苗等关键技术,进行短须裂腹鱼规模化人工繁育技术研究。结果表明:2年共采捕野生短须裂腹鱼亲鱼403尾,在水流速度0.1~0.3 m/s、水温12~16℃、pH值6.5~7.0、溶氧6 mg/L以上的流水池中培育,平均驯养成活率49.4%,获成熟亲鱼234尾次;共催产亲鱼224尾次,产卵雌鱼133尾次,总产卵量127.3万粒,平均每尾雌鱼产卵0.957万粒;获受精卵93.8万粒,平均受精率为73.7%;受精卵在水温12.5~14.0℃的流水孵化槽中孵化199 h开始出膜,共孵出幼体85.5万粒,平均孵化率91.2%;共获2 cm仔鱼55.1万尾,平均出苗率58.7%;共获3.5 cm鱼苗45.2万尾,鱼苗培育成活率为82.0%。     

黑斑口虾蛄幼体的发育

对黑斑口虾蛄（Oratosquilla kempi）幼体各时期在解剖镜与显微镜下进行观察，发现黑斑口虾蛄幼体发育经过11个假蚤状幼体期。在水温24-29℃、盐度22-32的条件下，从第Ⅰ期假蚤状幼体（Z1）发育至第Ⅺ期假蚤状幼体（Z11）历时24-27d；第Ⅺ期假蚤状幼体（Z11）发育至第Ⅰ期稚虾蛄历时4-7d。本文详细地描述了从第Ⅰ期假蚤状幼体（Z1）至第Ⅺ期假蚤状幼体（Z11）以及第Ⅰ期稚虾蛄的形态特征，并与口虾蛄（O.oratoria）的发育形态进行比较，以为黑斑口虾的开发利用提供生物学基础资料。     

Morphological development of post hatch larval goldlined seabream Rhabdosargus sarba (Forskål, 1775)

Ultrastructural changes in Rhabdosargus sarba larva in early life history were investigated. At hatching, the digestive system was histologically undifferentiated. The digestive tract was a straight tube attached to the dorsal end of the yolk‐sac and was not connected to either the mouth or the anus. The layer of gut epithelium at some regions of the luminal surface was straight and microvilli were not present. These straight borders were not observed at 1 day post hatching (DPH) onwards as microvilli increased in number on the luminal surface and became more regular. At 2 DPH, the digestive system was well differentiated and the separation of the mid‐ and hindgut by the intestino‐rectal valve became more advanced. At 0 DPH, the eye was spherical and the retina had a zonation with undifferentiated cells. The eye also lacked differentiated photoreceptors (PR). The retinal PRs increased in length and in number as the yolk‐sac was absorbed. By 2 DPH, the eye was fully pigmented, suggesting that the larval vision system was functional. The larvae had a pure cone retina at the onset of exogenous feeding. Morphological and functional differentiation of the digestive tract and the eye of the larvae preceded the completion of yolk and oil globule absorption. The oil globule was exhausted at 4 DPH and at 2 DPH, the yolk‐sac was completely absorbed. Food particles were observed at 3 DPH. Food particle ingestion and absorption of the yolk‐sac were observed as vision became fully functional.     

Larval development in European hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) reared in a semi-intensive culture system

Eggs of European hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) were stripped from fish caught at sea. Larvae were kept under semi‐intensive conditions at around 12°C. In addition, eggs were incubated in single wells at 9.2, 12.7 and 14.5°C, where hatching, development and survival were closely examined. During the larval stage, a total of 299 larvae were sampled to follow development and growth. In addition a small number of juveniles were sampled. Larvae hatched approximately 4 days after fertilization, and were 2.9 mm in total length (TL). At 6‐day post hatching (dph), the larvae were 4.1 mm (TL), the jaw apparatus was developed, and the larvae had started to feed. Most of the growth during the early larval period is restricted to the head, and there is almost no increase in length for the first 3–4 weeks post hatching. Teeth and pelvic fins appear at 25 dph. Development of unpaired fins at approximately 30 dph marks the start of the larval–juvenile transition. Weaning to formulated feed was accomplished 50 dph, when external morphology was similar to that of adult hake.     

催青环境及分段收蚁对原蚕性别调控研究

试验结果表明 ,通过改变催青环境和分段收蚁可以人工调控家蚕的性别比例。在原种催青期中高温干燥处理 ,可使原蚕品种 872和鲁玉 蚕比例分别提高 1 3 %和 2 4% ,达极显著和显著水平 ;对原蚕 795和871品种分段收蚁 ,第 1天可提高♀性比例 1 0 %～ 2 0 % ,最后一天 (第 3天 )提高 蚕比例 ,795品种最高为2 8%～ 3 6% ,达极显著水平。     

蚕食药用价值开发现状与展望

综述了目前蚕幼虫、蚕蛹、蚕蛾和蚕沙等蚕资源在食用和药用价值开发中的最新研究进展,分析了存在的问题,并对蚕资源的进一步开发进行探讨。     

油松毛虫越冬幼虫上树下树历期的预测

通过1984～1986年对越冬幼虫的系统调查数据,分别求得油松毛虫越冬幼虫上树历期约为51d;下树历期约为87d;上树高峰期为每年的3月28日～4月19日;下树高峰期为每年的10月份。并同时对越冬幼虫上树过程中的物候学进行了观察。     

不同饲料不同龄期小蚕人工饲料育比较试验

用32个蚕品种杂交形式供试,比较了新老2种稚蚕人工饲料配方的疏毛率;结果表明新配方的24 h疏毛率普遍优于老配方,差异达到极显著水平;24 h疏毛率,老配方中只有6个蚕品种超过了98%,新配方中有21个蚕品种超过了98%,增加了15个蚕品种型式,新配方明显扩大了一代杂交种杂交率检验和小蚕共育的适用蚕品种范围.从不同龄期小蚕人工饲料育与全龄桑叶育的养蚕成绩和茧丝成绩看,用人工饲料进行小蚕共育基本可行,综合考虑各方面因素,共育到2龄后再改喂桑叶或分蚕出售给农民较好.