An ecosystem modelling approach to deriving viable harvest strategies for multispecies management of the Northern Gulf of California

• 1. An ecosystem analysis was developed focusing on resource exploitation and biodiversity conservation for the Northern Gulf of California. The main tools employed were a trophic ecosystem model and time dynamic simulations.
• 2. The ecosystem was represented by an Ecopath model that included 34 functional groups, from primary producers to top predators. It included relevant species in the area such as commercially important shrimp (e.g. Litopenaeus stylirostris) and highly endangered species (Phocoena sinus and Totoaba macdonaldi).
• 3. Temporal simulations of changing fishing effort allowed the evaluation of fishing impact on the ecosystem components and, particularly, on protected species. Formal optimization methods were applied with the purpose of searching viable temporal patterns of fishing effort that might minimize social, economic and conservationist conflicts in the area.
• 4. The results of those simulations showed the capability of the model to represent reference temporal series of relative biomass. The search for viable fishing strategies resulted in effort allocation consistent with those proposed by other studies; that is, a decrease in the industrial shrimp fleet (35–65%), a decrease in the gillnet fishing fleet (52–57%), and an increase of the artisanal shrimp fishery (63–222%).
• 5. The main conflicts in the Northern Gulf of California seem to take place between social and conservation interests, while the economic and ecological benefits seem to be relatively independent. The next steps towards conflict resolution and ecosystem management should consider the design and operation of MPAs already established in the region.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国热带农业科学院科技平台建设成效及发展对策研究

文章以中国热带农业科学院(以下简称"热科院")科技平台建设为背景,总结了热科院科技平台建设取得的成效,分析了科技平台建设过程中存在的问题,并提出了加强科技平台的顶层设计、制定科学的平台评价机制和考核激励机制、建立各级各类的优势科技平台、加大人才引进和培养力度等加强科技平台建设的建议。     

中国与文莱渔业合作的分析

通过介绍文莱的基本国情和渔业情况以及中国与文莱合作的互补性,从空间、时间、合作范围、合作方式等方面分析了中国与文莱进行渔业合作的可行性,并对开展中国企业与文莱渔业合作的具体措施提出了一些建议。     

基于ASP.NET实验教学示范中心平台建设

网络信息平台的建设作为实验示范中心验收的重要标准之一,是对内管理、对外服务的重要平台。提出了网站、接口与管理信息系统组成的实验教学示范中心平台开发模式——WIMIS,应用该模型设计开发了黑龙江八一农垦大学食品质量与安全实验教学示范中心平台。     

我国沿海渔业碳生产率的区域差异及影响因素

针对提高渔业碳生产率的问题,测算1978—2011年我国沿海11个省市的渔业碳生产率,利用省际面板数据对其影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明:我国渔业碳生产率整体在逐年提高,但各省市间的渔业碳生产率水平差异较大。天津、江苏和山东的渔业碳生产率排名前3位,广西、海南和浙江排在最后;从海域视角看,呈现出由渤海、黄海和东海到南海渔业碳生产率逐渐降低的趋势。对我国沿海渔业碳生产率水平有显著正向影响效应的因素主要有渔业发展水平(0.023)、产业结构(0.438)、对外开放度(0.044)和技术进步(0.760)。从低碳渔业经济模范市、渔业科技进步和渔业外贸3个方面提出了提高我国沿海渔业碳生产率的政策建议。     

我国海洋渔业安全生产状况分析

搜集了国内外有关海洋渔业安全生产事故的资料,结合实地的调查,从事故的数量、类型等方面分析了目前我国的海洋渔业安全生产事故状况,并通过与国内其他行业、国外同行业的比较,认为目前我国海洋渔业安全生产形势严峻,渔民死亡率较高,主要原因有:渔民的总体素质下降;渔船的适航状态差;渔港状况与安全生产现状不相符;渔场范围缩小;管理体制和手段落后、管理力量不足;资源恶化;数据统计不完全、不统一等。最后对如何改善海洋渔业安全生产状况提出了几个建议:(1)完善渔业安全法律法规体系;(2)优化渔民结构;(3)提高渔船质量;(4)加强渔港的监督管理与建设;(5)加强渔业事故的统计与分析;(6)建立合理高效的救援体系。     

基于GIS的遥感影像应用服务平台的设计与实现

结合计算机技术、遥感技术、地理信息技术,设计与实现基于GIS的遥感影像服务平台。该系统具有UI展现丰富、交互能力强等特点,高效的组织和管理多源、多时相、多分辨率影像数据,有效地解决了影像数据的快速浏览问题。     

基于地理信息系统MapGIS的农机调度分配优化研究

为了提高多农机联合作业的效率,使农机在农忙时节能够高效地完成作业任务,基于地理信息系统MapGIS技术构建了农机调度分配优化系统,并利用云平台技术构建了调度系统的基本框架,设计了农机调度分配的动态显示可视化系统,有效提高了农机的现代化管理水平.以相同面积的农作物作业为研究对象,对采用农机调度优化系统前后的作业效率进行了...     

A New Bioassay Platform Design for the Discovery of Small Molecules with Anticancer Immunotherapeutic Activity

Immunotherapy takes advantage of the immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate neoplastic cells. The research in the field has already led to major breakthroughs to treat cancer. In this work, we describe a platform that integrates in vitro bioassays to test the immune response and direct antitumor effects for the preclinical discovery of anticancer candidates. The platform relies on the use of dendritic cells that are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) able to activate T cells and trigger a primary adaptive immune response. The experimental procedure is based on two phenotypic assays for the selection of chemical leads by both a panel of nine tumor cell lines and growth factor-dependent immature mouse dendritic cells (D1). The positive hits are then validated by a secondary test on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). The aim of this approach is the selection of potential immunotherapeutic small molecules from natural extracts or chemical libraries.     

广西规模化猪场2种主要排污模式的指标测定

应用常规的化学分析技术,测定了广西地区具有代表性的2个规模化猪场不同污水处理阶段的污染物含量,并与国家排放标准进行比较,研究每个处理环节污染指数的变化,从而为畜牧养殖业节能减排采取针对性的整改措施提供参考。污染物指标包括:悬浮物(SS)、氨氮(NH3-N)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)和化学耗氧量(CODcr)。结果表明,2个规模化猪场排出的污水经过一定的污水处理工艺后,猪场1排放的污水不达标,猪场2排放的污水达标;植物塘对污水有明显的净化作用;沉淀调节池和二沉池环节都能有效降低悬浮物(SS)的指标。