Secondary minerals from extrapedogenic per latus acidic weathering environments at geomorphic edges, Eastern Nebraska, USA

Acidic weathering of the sulfidic Upper Cretaceous Carlile and Pierre Shales in Nebraska has led to the precipitation of the Al sulfate–hydroxide minerals aluminite, alunite, “basaluminite”/felsöbányaite (e.g.,), the aluminum hydroxides gibbsite and bayerite, and the rare Al phosphate hydroxide vashegyite. Kaolinite has also been produced as a result of this acidic weathering. These minerals do not appear as neoformed constituents in any extant soils in the region, and their existence underscores the ability of pyrite oxidation to produce major changes in mineralogy on a Holocene to Recent time scale. Jarosite, hydronium jarosite, gypsum, halotrichite, and melanterite also appear as secondary minerals in the weathered shales. Acidic weathering and the formation of new minerals is extrapedogenic because it occurs well below the limit of modern soil sola. These processes also occur at the edges of major landscape elements and can be considered to have a strong lateral component processes, making them “per latus” processes in our usage.     

广义生灭矩阵演绎出的算子半群

得到了广义生灭矩阵在co及l1空间中生成正的压缩C0半群的充要条件.     

"一带一路"倡议对中国茶叶出口的影响——基于渐进双重差分模型的实证分析

“一带一路”倡议是促进中国茶叶出口的重大机遇,但是现有研究缺乏对其实际效果的系统评估。基于2009—2018年中国与40个主要茶叶进口国家和地区的面板数据,运用渐进双重差分模型评估了“一带一路”倡议对中国茶叶出口增长的政策影响。结果表明,在控制其他影响变量的条件下,“一带一路”倡议对于中国茶叶整体出口额增长具有一定的正向影响;进一步的产品异质性分析表明,“一带一路”倡议显著促进了中国绿茶出口的增长,但对红茶出口的作用尚不显著。此外,在控制变量中,国家和地区的人均GDP以及经济开放水平的提高也能够显著促进中国茶叶出口增长。最后对我国茶叶出口贸易如何把握“一带一路”政策机遇提出了对策建议。     

北京植物新资料

本文收录了<北京植物志>未收录的植物计4种,2变型.它们是白花大叶铁线莲、掌叶大黄、小叶羊角芹、丁香叶忍冬、多头苦荬菜.白花大叶铁线莲为新变型,羊角芹属与岩风属为北京新记录属.     

索线虫科线虫对白背飞虱和褐飞虱的寄生动态及其防控效果

为明确田间水稻白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera(Horváth)和褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(St?l)的主要寄生性天敌索线虫科线虫的寄生动态及防控效果,于2013—2015年在湖南省长沙市宁乡市通过田间调查和线虫罩笼法研究了索线虫科线虫对白背飞虱和褐飞虱的寄生动态以及优势种长沙多索线虫Agamermis changshaensis Bao,Luo et Luo对褐飞虱的防控效果。结果表明,在长沙市,索线虫科线虫寄生白背飞虱始见期为6月底至7月初,1个月后出现高峰期,基本与白背飞虱发生高峰期同步;对褐飞虱寄生高峰期早稻多发生在7月中下旬,而晚稻在8月底至9月中旬。索线虫科线虫对白背飞虱雌虫、高龄若虫和雄虫最高寄生率分别为16.95%、14.81%和7.69%;而对褐飞虱雌虫、高龄若虫和雄虫最高寄生率分别为43.33%、20.93%和11.63%。2014年和2015年罩笼盆栽试验结果表明,处理后45 d长沙多索线虫对褐飞虱的防控效果分别为36.11%和33.19%。研究结果表明长沙多索线虫可以作为水稻稻飞虱绿色防控的一种重要辅助性措施。     

不同生理阶段及性别 SPF 级 BALB/c 小鼠和 C57BL/6 小鼠血液生理生化指标测定与比较

【目的】测定6周龄与9周龄BALB/c小鼠和C57BL/6小鼠的血常规、血生化值并进行比较分析。【方法】用全自动血细胞分析仪、全自动生化分析仪分别测定血常规、血生化值。【结果】(1)相同生理阶段的BALB/c异性小鼠血常规值中NE%、LY%差异极显著,不同生理阶段的同性小鼠LY%、HGB等8项指标差异显著;相同生理阶段的C57BL/6异性小鼠血常规值中RBC、WBC等7项指标差异显著,不同生理阶段的同性小鼠WBC、NE等6项指标差异显著。(2)6周龄BALB/c异性小鼠所有检测血生化指标差异不显著,随着生理阶段的变化,AST、ALP等8项指标差异极显著,不同生理阶段的同性小鼠ALP、GLU等7项指标差异显著;相同生理阶段的C57BL/6异性小鼠血生化指标差异不显著,不同生理阶段的同性小鼠ALP、GLU等7项指标差异显著。(3)随着生理阶段的变化,BALB/c小鼠与C57BL/6小鼠血液生理生化部分指标差异性增大。【结论】生理阶段、性别均对小鼠血液生理生化指标有显著性影响。     

Effect of sulphide in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei under varying oxygen and pH levels

Sulphide is one of the known environmental stressors, which potentially binds to cytochrome C oxidase (COX), a key enzyme in the electron transport chain, thereby blocking oxygen transport and ATP production. To ascertain the toxic effects of sulphide on Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, two distinct exposure experiments were carried out with varying concentration of sulphide (0–1 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (normoxia and hypoxia) and pH values (8.2, 6 and 5). The activity of enzymes viz COX, superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenoloxidase and lactate accumulation was investigated. Outer membrane integrity and COX monomer separation were also done with the isolated crude mitochondrial preparations. Results indicated a significant reduction (p ≤ .05) in COX enzyme activity in sulphide exposed treatments when compared to control. The reduction was more intense when pH levels were reduced under hypoxia condition. Lactate accumulation as a result of anaerobic metabolism was found to be higher in hypoxic treatments. No significant difference (p ≥ .05) was observed in superoxide dismutase activity between the treatments, whereas phenoloxidase activity significantly decreased at higher concentration sulphide. Separation of mitochondrial proteins resulted in the identification of ~205 kDa of COX monomer, and significant damage was found in outer membrane integrity under hypoxia and pH treatments. From this study, it is evident that at a given concentration, sulphide is toxic to P. vannamei, and in association with hypoxia and low pH, they further intensify sulphide toxicity. Our results indicated that sulphide toxicity should not be considered as a single factor, rather it should be a considered as combination of factors.     

Metabarcoding of feces and intestinal contents to determine carnivorous diets in red-crowned cranes in eastern Hokkaido,Japan

The red-crowned crane Grus japonensis in Hokkaido, Japan forms a closed population as a residence that is independent of the mainland population. Based on observations of a limited number of individuals as well as cranes in captivity, red-crowned cranes are omnivores and eat fish, worms, insects and plants in their own territories except in winter, when they are fed with dent corn that is supplied in eastern Hokkaido. DNA metabarcoding based on high throughput sequencing was carried out using universal primer sets for cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Feces from 27 chicks collected in June and July in the period from 2016 to 2018 and intestinal contents from 33 adult and subadult cranes that were found dead almost throughout year in 2006–2013 in the field in eastern Hokkaido were used. Although compositions varied considerably in the cranes, both insects and fish were found in adults and subadults to the same extents, while insects were predominant in chicks. Both insects and fish were detected in all seasons for adults and subadults. Horse flies, scarab beetles and weevils accounted for the most of the insects regardless of the life stage. Dace, stickleback, flatfish and sculpin were the major fish species in adults, while chicks ate almost only stickleback. The results provide the first comprehensive data on carnivorous diets in wild red-crowned cranes in eastern Hokkaido as basis for conservation of red-crowned cranes, for which the life style and area continue to change.     

本氏烟NbMBF1c的克隆、表达及在TMV侵染过程中的功能

【目的】烟草花叶病毒（tobacco mosaic virus,TMV）是危害茄科、十字花科、葫芦科等农作物的重要病毒,给农业生产造成了巨大损失。通过分子克隆获得本氏烟（Nicotiana benthamiana）多蛋白桥梁因子1c(multiprotein bridging factor 1c,MBF1c),综合应用生物信息学、细胞生物学以及分子生物学手段,明确NbMBF1c的抗病毒功能和机制,为作物的抗病毒育种提供理论依据。【方法】根据Sol Genomics Network中报道的NbMBF1c序列全长,设计引物克隆NbMBF1c全长序列;使用GeneDoc及MEGA X对NbMBF1c蛋白和其他物种中的同源蛋白序列进行比对并构建系统进化树;利用生物信息学分析NbMBF1c的基因特征和蛋白结构;使用实时荧光定量PCR检测其组织表达及其在TMV侵染中的表达;利用烟草脆裂病毒（tobacco rattle virus,TRV）诱导的基因沉默（virus induced gene silencing,VIGS）技术沉默NbMBF1c后通过摩擦接种TMV-GFP,明确NbMBF1c对病毒...