红／黄麻新用途综合开发与国际合作

红麻是一种古老而富含新概念的环保作物，作为一种多用途可持续利用的再生资源倍受关注．传统意义上的红黄麻用作生产麻绳、麻袋、地毯等原料，巨大的生物产量及品质可与木材相媲美．其多功能用途利用在造纸、无纺布、饲料、麻地膜、墙布、吸油材料、板材、污水净化、土壤改良剂、塑料填充料等许多领域得到了广泛的开发利用。黄麻、红麻具有纤维产量高、品质优良等特性，我国已成功研发出利用黄麻或红麻纤维，经变性处理，与棉花混纺的产品，开发出摩维纤维面料，大大降低了纺织成本，生产出高中档纺织面料，不受纺织品出口的贸易限制，畅销欧美市场。我国是红黄麻生产大国，随着土地需求类型的变化，红麻黄麻育种只有朝优质、超高产、耐逆多抗型发展，才能满足农民增产增收和纺织造纸相关行业的需求。我所与世界相关科研机构和组织进行了广泛的交流与合作，并取得了丰硕的成果。特别是国际黄麻组织（IJO）成立以来，我所共承担20多项国际合作项目。其中包括国际黄麻组织项目，948项目、中国与欧盟、东盟合作项目等。     

苎麻／黄（红）麻织物服用性能测试分析

本文通过实验测定了苎麻/黄(红)麻混纺交织织物的服用性能，并与苎麻织物的服用性能进行比较，结论表明苎麻/黄(红)麻混纺交织织物具有良好的服用性能。     

专用型中熟红麻新品种“ZH—01”选育报告

"ZH-01"是浙江省萧山棉麻研究所从中熟红麻"浙萧麻1号"中选择植株大小中等,茎杆上下粗细均匀、茎色清秀无斑点,中熟偏早,结果集中的优良单株,多次选优、南繁加代、多点品比于2003年育成的专用型中熟红麻新品种。浙江省多点品比平均纤维产量3533.25kg/hm2,比青皮3号增产12.95%。2004-2006年全国红麻新品种区域试验,三年平均纤维产量3262.75kg/hm2,2006年全国红麻新品种生产试验平均纤维产量3604.25kg/hm2。除株高与对照相仿外,其它主要经济性状均优于对照。纤维品质和抗病性居参试8个品种的前三位。是一个优质、抗病、丰产性较好,符合墙纸等工艺品生产要求的专用型中熟红麻新品种。     

Comparison of useful terrestrial and aquatic plant species for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from domestic wastewater

To develop a low cost and energy-saving wastewater treatment technique in combination with resource recycling and amenity functions, we constructed a plant bed filter ditch in which useful terrestrial and aquatic plants can be utilized for nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater. Screening studies were conducted to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of 20 kinds of plant species which are economically important or exhibit on aesthetic value, including 13 terrestrial species, for domestic wastewater treatment. Artificial wastewater containing 20 mg L^-1 of Nand 3.3 mg L^-1 of P, was supplied to the ditch at the rate of about 1.41–2.08 g m^-2 d^-1 for N and 0.20–0.33 g m^-2 d^-1 for P. The experiments were performed in a glass house with windows opened from April to November. The ditches showing high Nand P removal rates were planted with plants which exhibited high biomass production rates. In the case of the papyrus ditch, Nand P removal rates exceeded 0.8 g m^-2 d^-1 for N and 0.15 g m^-2 d^-1 for P from late spring to autumn, in the case of the kenaf ditch and sorghum ditch, from summer to autumn and in the case of the Italian ryegrass ditch and barley ditch, in early spring. These findings indicated that efficient wastewater treatment can be performed consistently except in the winter season, by cultivating these plants in an appropriate combination in the ditches.     

红麻子叶和真叶不定芽直接诱导的研究

为获得红麻不定芽直接诱导的最佳方案，以MS培养基为基础，以其无菌苗子叶和真叶为外植体进行对比研究．结果表明，附加3．0～3．5mg／L TDZ和0．1mg／L NAA可直接诱导子叶和真叶形成不定芽，子叶诱导效果优于真叶，不同基因型来源的材料存在差异；附加0．1mg／L 6-BA和0．01mg／L NAA对不定芽增殖培养后，1／2 MS培养基上附加0．05mg／L NAA可诱导生根而形成植株。     

利用红麻HcPDIL5-2a非全长基因创制雄性不育新种质

为创造转基因雄性不育种质,将缺失酶活性中心序列的红麻HcPDIL5-2a非全长基因通过花粉管通道法转化红麻保持系722B,获得了海南冬繁不育、南宁夏繁可育的低温敏雄性不育种质722THS,并从其姊妹交后代选育出了稳定型核不育(GMS)系722HS;此后,又以722HS作母本,以非转基因野生型722B为轮回亲本连续回交,选育出了细胞质雄性不育系722HA。对722THS与722HA的细胞学观察和线粒体DNA分子鉴定表明,二者的小孢子败育时期均为双核期,但722HA发生了线粒体DNA重排,而722THS与722B的线粒体DNA保持不变。本研究结果为转基因创造作物雄性不育种质找到了一条新途径,具有重要的科学意义和广阔的应用前景。     

红麻Ms5基因的克隆及多转录本分析

为研究Ms5基因在红麻(Hibiscus canabius L.)花药中的转录特征,以L23A不育系为试材,基于已知的红麻Ms5基因5′端cDNA序列,采用3′RACE和RT-PCR技术对该基因全长cDNA序列进行克隆。序列比对分析结果表明,红麻花药组织中同时存在Ms5基因2种不同的转录本,其长度分别为972和1 105bp,依次命名为HcMs5-α和HcMs5-β。这2种转录本均包含了完整且一致的编码序列,其编码序列(CDS)全长为858bp,预测编码的蛋白质含有285个氨基酸残基,分子质量为32.4ku,理论等电点为7.62;两者5′端前972bp序列完全一致,但3′端的非编码区(UTR)长度有所不同,HcMs5-β在第972bp以后比HcMs5-α多出133bp的序列,具有选择性转录终止的特征。这种转录终止信号的可选择性可能与该基因转录后水平的调控有关。     

中国红麻炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及rDNA-ITS序列分析

【目的】明确中国红麻炭疽病病原菌种类。【方法】从河南、安徽、浙江、福建4省红麻主产区采集红麻炭疽病病原菌样本,进行分离、纯化,共获得16个菌株,在致病性测定及形态学特征鉴定的基础之上,从中选取AH、HN、ZJ、FJ 4个典型病原菌菌株,对rDNA-ITS区域进行基因序列分析。【结果】AH、HN、ZJ与FJ炭疽病菌株在形态特征及致病力有明显差异;rDNA-ITS序列实际长度分别为541、545、541、535 bp,AH、HN、ZJ与FJ炭疽病菌株同源性达90%-91%,而AH、HN和ZJ 3个菌株的同源性达96%-98%。【结论】从分子水平上对中国麻区红麻炭疽病病原菌种类进行鉴定分析,证实中国红麻主产区近年炭疽病发生的病原菌类型主要有黑线炭疽菌（Colletotrichum dematium）和胶孢炭疽菌（C. gioeosporioides）,其中以黑线炭疽菌致病力较强,胶孢炭疽菌致病力较弱。     

SaNHX耐盐基因转化红麻T_1代的耐盐性初步鉴定

为鉴定转导SaNHX耐盐基因T1代980个红麻株系的耐盐性,本研究对980个株系在福州进行耐盐性鉴定和筛选,并对筛选出的9个耐盐T1代株系进行PCR检测和不同盐浓度水培和盆栽初步鉴定。通过调查转基因T1代在盐胁迫条件下的发芽率、出苗率、幼苗生长情况,对转基因后代的耐盐水平进行评价。结果表明：（1）转耐盐基因红麻T1代9个株系在0.71%的处理下,种子发芽率和生长势明显优于未转导对照红麻。苗高、苗重和根长分别比对照提高了2.04cm,0.23g和3.7cm。（2）0.3%、0.5%和0.71%三个不同盐浓度胁迫5天、10天、15天三个处理试验的方差分析表明,耐盐转基因T1代的株系幼苗成活率明显高于普通对照,差异均达极显著水平,其中编号176株系最佳;（3）在0.71%盐胁迫处理下,生长10天的T1代红麻幼苗苗高、苗重和根长与对照存在显著差异。在9个转基因株系中,176号植株最好,其苗高、苗重和根长的增长量分别比对照提高5.47cm、0.72g和4.54cm。     

Effect of Cadmium Stress on the Growth,Antioxidative Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Two Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Plant Seedlings

The effects of cadmium stress on the growth, antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in two kenaf plants, Fuhong 991 and ZM412, were analysed under control (0.5-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution) or five levels of cadmium stress (0.5-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution containing different concentrations of Cd²⁺). The leaves and roots of control and cadmium-stressed plants were harvested after 3 wk. At the same Cd concentration, the Cd tolerance index of Fuhong 991 was higher than that of ZM412, indicating that Fuhong 991 may be more tolerant to Cd than ZM412. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities fluctuated in the leaves of the Cd-stressed plants compared to the control, whereas the glutathione reductase activity (GR) was much larger than the control for Fuhong 991, ensuring that sufficient quantities of GSH were available to respond to the cadmium stress. In comparison to the control, the dynamic tendency of the SOD, CAT and POD activities in roots of the Cd-stressed plants all increased and then declined, but the POD activity of Fuhong 991 remained nearly unchanged at all of the stress levels. The increase in the enzyme activities demonstrated that Fuhong 991 was more tolerant to cadmium than ZM 412. The lipid peroxidation was enhanced only in the leaves of Cd-stressed ZM 412. These findings indicated that antioxidative activities may play important roles in Cd-stressed Fuhong 991 and ZM 412 and that the leaf and root cell membranes of Fuhong 991 have a greater stability than those of ZM 412. For pollution monitoring purposes, the GR activity in the roots and leaves may serve as a biomarker of Cd for Fuhong 991, whereas lipid peroxidation may serve as biomarker for ZM 412.