无蜡质芥蓝突变型叶表面蜡质超微结构观察

以亮叶无蜡质紫色芥蓝突变型紫.中花芥蓝和多蜡质紫色芥蓝野生型为试材,对芥蓝叶片发育过程中最外层的表面蜡质进行系统地观察,并对无蜡质突变型紫.中花芥蓝、多蜡质野生型芥蓝和普通绿色芥蓝(CK)的干物质量、VC、可溶性糖、粗纤维、蛋白质、花青苷等主要营养成分含量进行测定分析。结果表明:在叶片发育过程中,多蜡质野生型芥蓝的叶面蜡质明显多于无蜡质突变型紫.中花芥蓝;野生型芥蓝和紫.中花芥蓝叶片背面的蜡质均明显多于叶片腹面;野生型芥蓝叶片背面的蜡质退化速度明显慢于叶片腹面。无蜡质突变型紫.中花芥蓝的VC含量高于野生型芥蓝,而粗纤维(DW)含量低于野生型芥蓝,说明紫.中花芥蓝有利于改良现有芥蓝的营养品质,有望育成高VC含量、高花青苷含量、以生食为主的芥蓝品种。芥蓝叶片的无蜡质性状对多蜡质表现为隐性遗传,紫色对绿色表现为显性遗传。     

羽衣甘蓝的观赏特性及园林应用

羽衣甘蓝具有明显的观赏特性和很高的园林应用价值,是我国华东地带深秋、冬季及早春重要的花坛材料.文章从株型、叶型、叶色、花序等方面分析了羽衣甘蓝的观赏特性,并探讨了其园林应用形式.     

Cytological observation of the microspore development of Chinese kale and false pakchoi

The development process and morphology of the microspores in Chinese kale and false pakchoi were observed by using the whole stain-clearing technique. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of microspores were not only extremely similar, but were also in their development processes. The microspores at tetrad stage showed an arrangement of tetrahedral type, and after being released and passing through two mitoses, they developed gradually to form rotundly-shaped mature pollen grains containing three nuclei, one bigger alimentation nucleus and two smaller similar-sized generative nuclei. Determination of bud sizes at four typical microspore developmental stages revealed that the bud size had a stable heredity at each development stage of the microspores. The ratio of the bud length at the late uninucleate stage to the largest bud length differed little between Chinese kale and false pakchoi, ranging from 0.37 to 0.45 with an average of 0.41, though there was significant difference among their cultivars. It was concluded that the length of buds at late uninucleate stage can be estimated for undetermined cultivars of these two Brassica crops by multiplying the largest bud length with the following coefficient or regression equation: Y = 0.3898X + 0.1503, where X is the length of the largest bud.     

羽衣甘蓝和白菜型油菜硫代葡萄糖苷超高效液相色谱—飞行时间质谱分析方法

利用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱（UHPLC–Triple–TOF–MS）技术建立了羽衣甘蓝等蔬菜中硫代葡萄糖苷（Glucosinolate,简称硫苷）的分析方法。蔬菜样品采用70% 甲醇提取,采用UPLC BEH C₁₈反相色谱柱,乙腈-水（均含0.1%甲酸）流动相系统,10 min快速梯度洗脱;在电喷雾质谱负离子模式下采用飞行时间质谱全扫描-信息关联采集-子离子扫描（TOF–MS scan–IDA–Product ion scan）复合扫描模式,1次进样分析可同时获得硫苷的一级质谱和二级质谱信息;基于TOF–MS的高分辨率性能,得到硫苷分子、离子和碎片离子的精确质荷比,大大提高硫苷定性分析的准确性。将建立的分析方法应用于白菜型油菜Yellow Sarson的种子和羽衣甘蓝的叶片组织,分别鉴定出24和15种硫苷,表明本方法具有灵敏度高、准确度高和高通量等优点,适合于十字花科蔬菜中硫苷的分析。     

Perennial kales: collection rationalization and genetic relatedness to other Brassica oleracea crop types

Perennial kale is a rare leafy vegetable and forage crop that is mainly vegetatively propagated and therefore expensive to conserve ex situ. A genebank collection of 47 perennial kales and 34 reference samples from the main Brassica oleracea crop types were characterized with seven microsatellite markers in order to verify potential redundancies and to obtain more insight in the position of perennial kales within B. oleracea. Based on the obtained results and on data from previous studies, the collection was reduced with 49% to 24 perennial kales. Considering this level of reduction, it was estimated that the investments made for the final verification by microsatellite analysis are returned after only 4-year time. A principal coordinate plot clearly separated the perennial kales from the other crop types of B. oleracea, except in one case. This deviating accession of vegetatively preserved perennial kale clustered closely together with the single seed-preserved accession of perennial kale included in the study. These two accessions occupied an intermediate position between the group of vegetatively propagated perennial kales and the group of seed-propagated Brassica accessions, suggesting a hybridization background with another B. oleracea crop type. The microsatellite study demonstrated a close genetic relationship among the investigated perennial kales and their unique position within B. oleracea.     

羽衣甘蓝β-胡萝卜素羟化酶基因的克隆及表达分析

以羽衣甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala)为试验材料,采用同源克隆和RT-PCR技术,克隆得到羽衣甘蓝β-胡萝卜素羟化酶的cDNA全长,命名为BoBCH(GenBank登录号为MH016242)。序列分析表明,该cDNA序列长906 bp,编码301个氨基酸,分子量33.8 ku,理论等电点为9.67。保守结构域分析表明,BoBCH属于FA_hydroxylase蛋白超家族。系统发育分析结果表明,羽衣甘蓝与结球甘蓝处于同一分支,其亲缘关系最近。TMHMM和Wolf-Psort进行跨膜区分析及亚细胞定位,结果表明BoBCH蛋白有4个跨膜区域,可能定位于叶绿体中发挥作用。qRT-PCR检测结果表明,BoBCH在紫叶羽衣甘蓝DH系D07的根、茎、叶中均有表达,在叶片中表达量最高,茎次之,根中表达量最低;不同发育时期的检测结果表明,BoBCH在观赏期叶片中表达最高,在幼苗期和莲座期表达水平较低。     

芥蓝高频离体再生体系的建立

以'尖叶芥蓝'、'中花粗心芥蓝'和'迟花芥蓝'3个品种为材料,研究苯基噻二唑脲(TDZ)预处理、不同激素配比、基因型和外植体类型对不定芽再生的影响,建立芥蓝离体高频再生体系.结果表明:3个品种中,'中花粗心芥蓝'再生能力最强;不同外植体类型中再生率由大到小依次为:下胚轴、带柄子叶、子叶块;不定芽再生的最佳激素组合为0.2 mg·L-1NAA+6 mg·L-16-BA;以此激素组合为基础,下胚轴经0.5 mg·L-1TDZ浸泡30 min预处理接种在分化培养基(MS+0.2 mg·L-1NAA+6 mg·L-16-BA+8 g·L-1琼脂+30 g·L-1蔗糖)上不定芽再生率最高,达98.5%.     

芥蓝新品种‘秋盛芥蓝’

 ‘秋盛芥蓝’是利用自交不亲和系配制的杂交一代芥蓝新品种。中早熟,品质优,商品性好;叶片圆形,叶长20 cm,叶宽21 cm,菜薹长15 cm,薹粗2.2 ~ 2.8 cm,单薹质量120 ~ 180 g;耐涝性和抗病性较强,适应性较广。广州地区适播期为8—11月下旬。     

Mapping of Re,a gene conferring the red leaf trait in ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala)

Variegated leaf colour is an important agronomic trait that affects the market value of ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala). The red leaf phenotype in kale is due to anthocyanin accumulation. To investigate the pattern of inheritance of this trait, we constructed an F₂ population by crossing ‘Y005‐15’, a double haploid with red leaves, with a white‐leaved double haploid, ‘Y011‐13‐38’, followed by self‐pollination. An F₂ population consisting of 4284 individuals was used to study the inheritance of this trait, which showed that the character was controlled by a dominate gene. All of the 1050 white leaf trait plants in the F₂ were used for mapping and developing markers linked to Re gene. Results showed that Re was mapped to a locus on linkage group C09 of Brassica oleracea, and the locus was mapped between six SSR markers (C9Z1, C9Z16‐1, C9Z90, C9Z94, C9Z96 and C9Z99), with a genetic distance of 6.7, 1.0, 0.3, 2.0, 2.1 and 0.4 cM from Re gene, respectively. These results may facilitate marker‐assisted selection of the red leaf trait in kale breeding as well as map‐based cloning of the red leaf trait gene.     

基因枪法和农杆菌介导的Bt抗虫基因转化芥蓝

以芥蓝品种小香菇为试材,分别采用基因枪法和农杆菌介导转化法将Bt抗虫基因Cry2Aa2转化到芥蓝中,并对两种转化方法进行了优化和比较。结果表明:基因枪法在轰击距离为6cm、轰击次数为1次时转化效率最高,为0.43%;农杆菌介导转化法以带子叶下胚轴为外植体、预培养2d、侵染10min、共培养2d、抑菌培养5d后转入筛选培养基为最佳参数,转化效率为0.37%。经PCR和PCR-Southern鉴定,基因枪法和农杆菌介导转化法均成功将目的基因导入芥蓝基因组中。经抗虫性表型鉴定,T_0代转基因芥蓝植株对甘蓝夜蛾幼虫的抗性高于非转基因植株。