羽衣甘蓝新品系自交不亲和性及主要园艺性状的评价

在上海地区越冬露地栽培条件下,对6个观赏型羽衣甘蓝新品系的自交不亲和性及其主要园艺性状进行观察评价。结果表明:6个羽衣甘蓝新品系间的自交不亲和性存在明显差异,OK-2、OK-5和OK-6的自交亲和性较高,而OK-1、OK-3和OK-4的自交不亲和性较高。尤其OK-4的花期自交亲和指数仅为1.87,而蕾期自交亲和指数高达35.14,是羽衣甘蓝优良自交不亲和新品系;其次,OK-1的花期自交亲和指数为2.82,自交不亲和性也较突出。6个新品系的株型、叶型及叶色各具特色,且抗寒性和综合抗病性较强,均能在上海地区安全越冬。其中,OK-1和OK-4的综合抗逆性最强,叶色也最为鲜艳独特,是综合农艺性状优良的羽衣甘蓝新品系。     

中子辐照对观赏羽衣甘蓝种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以中子为诱变源辐照观赏羽衣甘蓝种子,对其种子萌发和幼苗生长状况及其相关的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞质膜透性等生理生化指标进行研究.结果表明,确定羽衣甘蓝半致死剂量的因素应是发芽率而不是苗高.红鸥和白鸥两羽衣甘蓝品种中子辐照的半致死剂量(LD50)分别为166.17和58.7 Gy,红鸥的辐射敏感性低于白鸥.据分析是因为在强辐照条件下(当中子辐照剂量达到200 Gy)红鸥比白鸥产生的POD和CAT活性更高.本文并对羽衣甘蓝种子萌发和幼苗生长及其相关的生理生化指标间的相互关系进行了讨论.     

芥蓝的分类学研究

对芥蓝和甘蓝类其它蔬菜在幼苗形态,干种子和幼苗茎过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱,杂交结果率,生物学特性和地理学方面进行了研究,结合前人的研究结果,认为把芥蓝定为一个独立的种更为合适,并对甘蓝类蔬菜检索表作了修正。     

采后红光处理对芥蓝芽菜生物活性物质的影响

为研究采后红光处理对不同贮藏温度下芥蓝芽菜中生物活性物质含量的影响,本试验设置了米后红光、白光和黑暗处理芥蓝芽菜试验,分析了不同贮藏时间其芥子油苷、维生素C、花青素和总多酚的含量及抗氧化能力的变化.结果表明,25℃贮藏时,芥蓝芽菜中芥子油苷含量在采后贮藏过程中逐渐降低,采后红光处理可显著延缓芥子油苷含量的下降.在贮藏1...     

2009年春季芥蓝品种比较试验

以中花圆叶芥蓝为对照品种,开展了芥蓝新品种的比较试验。结果表明,秋盛芥蓝和夏翠芥蓝的产量均显著高于对照,且株型美观、生长整齐、商品性好、纤维少、品质优良,是出口菜场和内销市场的优良品种。     

Selection of cultivars to reduce the concentration of cadmium and thallium in food and fodder plants

Pot and field experiments were carried out from 1994 to 1997 to investigate Cd and Tl uptake by various genotypes of maize, spring rape and kale on soils contaminated with i) Cd by the addition of river sediments (aqua regia-extractable Cd: 24 mg kg^—1 soil) and ii) with Tl by deposits from a cement plant (HNO₃-extractable Tl:1.4 mg kg^—1 soil). In field experiments on the Cd-contaminated soil, Cd concentrations in shoots and kernels of fifty maize inbred lines differed by a factor of about twenty (from < 1 to 15 mg Cd kg^—1 DM in shoots and from 0.02 to 0.5 mg Cd kg^—1 DM in kernels). After crossing inbred lines having high and low Cd concentration, Cd concentration of the resulting hybrids decreased, mainly as a result of a higher dry matter production (a dilution effect). In pot and field experiments on the Tl-contaminated soil, the selected cultivars of spring rape showed only small differences in Tl uptake, whereas Tl concentration in shoots of the kale cultivars differed more than twenty-fold (in the pot experiment from < 1 to 24 mg Tl kg^—1 DM and in the field experiment from 0.5 to 11.7 mg Tl kg^—1 shoot DM). Two groups of cultivars with low and high Tl concentrations could be distinguished. A nutrient solution experiment with radioactively labeled Tl showed that higher Tl concentration of kale in comparison to white cabbage can be attributed mainly to a higher uptake rate in kale (about 30-fold) with subsequent root-to-shoot translocation. The results show that, depending on plant species, selection and growing of cultivars with low heavy metal uptake on contaminated soils can substantially contribute to reduce the concentration of Cd and Tl in food and fodder plants.     

Erucastrum abyssinicum × Brassica oleracea hybrids obtained by ovary and ovule culture

Pollen germination and pollen tube growth were studied in the cross Erucastrum abyssinicum × Brassica oleracea. 25 per cent ovules showed pollen tube entry into the micropyle 5 days after pollination. Embryos did not grow beyond the globular or heart-shaped stage. Thus post-fertilization barriers prevent hybridization in this cross. Sequential culture of ovaries and ovules 10 days after pollination helped rescue globular embryos. Three hybrids were obtained. All the hybrids flowered in vitro. Pollen fertility was 6.5 per cent. Leaf esterase and peroxidase isozymes confirmed the hybrid nature. Meiotic metaphase in the pollen mother cells showed 25 chromosomes. The presence of up to 9 bivalents and a quadrivalent indicates high homology between the two genera. The intergeneric hybrids have been multiplied using nodal segment culture. They are a source for obtaining cms cole crops and widening the gene pool of B. oleracea. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

土壤强还原处理对连作芥蓝产量、微生物数量及活性的影响

芥蓝是一种重要的十字花科蔬菜,但高强度单一的种植模式以及不合理的养分管理使得土壤连作障碍现象日益突出,严重制约着芥蓝的可持续生产。土壤强还原处理(reductive soil disinfestation,RSD)是一种作物种植前的土壤处理方法,不仅可以有效杀灭土传病原菌,还具有改善土壤结构、增加土壤有机质含量、重建土壤微生物区系、恢复微生物活性等作用。我们以云南省昆明市安宁县的芥蓝生产基地中连作障碍严重的地块作为研究对象,设置3个处理:不做任何处理的对照(CK),固体有机物料(C/N:122,12 t/hm~2)RSD处理(RSD_BA);液体有机物料(C/N:30,6t/hm~2)RSD处理(RSD_MO),测定RSD处理后土壤理化和生物学性质的变化,并统计芥蓝产量和根肿病的发病率。结果表明,与CK处理相比,RSD处理能够显著提升土壤pH,降低土壤NO_3~–-N和有效态重金属的含量;并且能够显著增加芥蓝产量,降低根肿病的发病率,其中RSD_MO和RSD_BA处理后产量分别提高268%和397%,发病率分别降低37.3%和56.7%。RSD处理还能明显提高细菌与真菌的比值(B/F),降低芸薹根肿菌的数量,增加土壤微生物活性,其中RSD_BA处理的杀菌率达到90.6%,微生物活性提高2倍。因此,固体有机物料的土壤强还原处理能够显著改善芥蓝连作生产系统的土壤质量,降低发病率,提高产量,是一种具有快速缓解十字花科蔬菜地连作障碍,实现可持续种植的有效措施。     

芥蓝新品种‘秋绿芥蓝’

‘秋绿芥蓝’是利用自交不亲和系配制的杂交一代芥蓝新品种。早中熟,品质优,商品性好;叶圆形,叶长20.1 cm,叶宽16.0 cm,菜薹长18.6 cm,薹粗2.19 cm,单薹质量109.7 g;耐涝性和抗病性较强,适应性较广。广州地区适播期8-11月上旬。     

芥蓝新品种‘夏翠芥蓝’的选育(简报)

‘夏翠芥蓝’是利用自交不亲和系配制的杂交一代芥蓝新品种,表现早熟、优质、商品性好;叶片椭圆形,叶长18.5 cm,叶宽18.1 cm,菜薹长17～20 cm,薹粗2.0～2.5 cm,单薹重110～150 g;耐涝性和抗病性较强;适应性较广,广州地区适播期8～10月上旬。