稻谷的滚筒式气体射流冲击干燥实验研究

将滚筒式气体射流冲击干燥机应用于稻谷干燥,主要研究风温、风速及滚筒转速对稻谷干燥速率、发芽率和爆腰率的影响。结果表明:稻谷的滚筒式气体射流冲击干燥属于降速干燥,且风温对干燥速率、发芽率和爆腰率的影响显著,风速对发芽率影响明显,滚筒转速对干燥速率和干燥后稻谷的品质影响不显著。研究给出了合理的干燥工艺参数:稻谷的滚筒式气体射流冲击干燥较为合理的风温为60℃,风速为23m/s,滚筒转速为3. 5r/min。本研究为稻谷快速、优质干燥提供了一种新型的技术与装置支持。     

湖北省一次暴雨落区预报偏大原因分析

利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料和EC等数值模式预报资料,分析了湖北省2017年6月23日暴雨到大暴雨天气过程,得出此次暴雨过程预报落区偏大、范围偏北的原因。此次过程的天气形势背景为发生在副高外围西南急流出口区左侧、切变线和风速涌线南侧的暖区暴雨,范围小、雨带集中;副高脊线偏西偏北,西南急流中心轴偏北偏东,急流北界偏南、偏西分量较大,不利于江汉平原到鄂东北出现大范围暴雨天气;过于信赖EC形势预报导致了此次暴雨预报出现偏差,暖区暴雨可多参考华东模式;当上下层西南急流都很强盛时,特别需要警惕在暴雨过程前期西南急流加强过程中可能出现的暖区暴雨。     

2012年春末内蒙古西部地区一次大到暴雨天气分析

本文利用常规气象观测资料,对2012 年5 月10 日发生在内蒙古西部地区的一次大到暴 雨天气过程进行分析,以期提高对春季大雨、暴雨天气的预报能力,实现防灾减灾的目的。     

Experimental study on landscape of CFRP cutting by abrasive water jet

To investigate the influence of operation parameters of abrasive water jet on surface roughness of carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP),experimental studies were conducted.The three-dimensional landscape of cutting front was reconstructed according to the measured data byμscan laser confocal microscopy.Fourier spectral analysis was also adopted to study surface structure in detail.It is found that the morphology of cutting front is similar to that of other materials.In the smooth cutting zone,the fluctuation of amplitudes of surface profile is gentler,compared with that in the rough cutting zone.The lower part of the rough cutting zone was characterized by the periodical appearance of peaks and valleys.The roughness of surface increases with the increase of depth.While in the smooth cutting zone and part of rough cutting zone,roughness increases with the increase of traverse speed.For the thickness of samples,in the smooth cutting zone,the roughness increases with the increase of depth.The dominant harmonic component in the surface profile is concentrated in a narrow range from 0 to 10 Hz,and the relatively higher density of frequency from 10 to 50 Hz is shown in the rough cutting zone,which is caused by the interaction between perpendicular abrasive water jet and reflect jet.     

水砂射流冲蚀作用下临近燃气管道可靠性

为研究水砂射流冲蚀作用导致临近燃气管道的失效概率,分析了管材的临界应变与砂粒在管壁表面形成塑变脊的影响,推导出冲蚀磨损率预测方程。利用Fluent 软件模拟计算水管泄漏射流速度、冲蚀面积分布,并结合冲蚀磨损率预测方程构建冲蚀磨损速率方程。最后基于最小壁厚准则,建立了燃气管道失效概率的计算方法。研究结果表明:①通过临界间距判定分析,可获得不同水管内压、冲蚀时间下的临界间距;②增大水管内压、冲蚀时间、砂粒粒径,减少管道间距、管道壁厚均会导致燃气管道的失效概率增大,其中,管道间距对失效概率影响最为显著。研究结果可为失效场景定量风险评估以及水管与燃气管道并行敷设的间距设计提供参考。     

蔬菜穴盘育苗底部气吹式钵体松脱装置设计

针对蔬菜穴盘苗直接拔苗费力又损伤大的问题,设计了一种有助于穴盘苗移栽的气吹式钵体松脱装置。利用直线模组移位单元和双联气缸升降单元组合成输送系统,驱动气嘴排从穴盘底部的穴孔排水口逐排顶吹穴盘苗钵体,实现穴盘苗钵体与穴孔壁之间非机械接触式放松,利于移栽时人工轻松拔苗或机械快速夹取。对关键部件进行设计,使用排气孔直径为5mm的气嘴,能确保气体射流从128穴孔排水口有效顶吹穴盘苗钵体而不顶盘,根据亚声速自由气体射流动力学原理计算表明:当气嘴口空气射流压力大于0.098 MPa,不超过0.235 MPa时,所设计的气嘴能将穴盘苗吹松而不破坏苗钵根土结构。开展气力顶钵松脱多因素试验研究,结果表明气流喷射压力高度显著影响苗钵完整率,钵体含水率对完整率影响显著,其他苗龄、气流回路流量、气嘴头有无海绵密封等试验因素没有统计学显著性影响。当气嘴回路中气流喷射压力控制为0.2 MPa,钵体含水率为55%～60%,黄瓜苗龄为25 d,气流回路全开,气嘴没有海绵头铺垫时,对穴盘苗顶吹作用达到既能将穴盘苗钵体顶松脱离穴孔壁粘附,又最大程度保证钵体完整度的效果。开展验证性试验,苗钵气力松脱完整率达到96%以上,完成整盘苗放松约48s,满足实际需要。该研究可为开发省力的穴盘苗钵放松装置和边松脱边取苗的高效无损自动取苗机构提供参考。     

Riparian defoliation by the invasive green alder sawfly influences terrestrial prey subsidies to salmon streams

Invasive species in riparian forests are unique as their effects can transcend ecosystem boundaries via stream‐riparian linkages. The green alder sawfly (Monsoma pulveratum) is an invasive wasp whose larvae are defoliating riparian thin‐leaf alder (Alnus tenuifolia) stands across southcentral Alaska. To test the hypothesis that riparian defoliation by this invasive sawfly negatively affects the flow of terrestrial prey resources to stream fishes, we sampled terrestrial invertebrates on riparian alder foliage, their subsidies to streams and their consumption by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Invasive sawflies altered the composition of terrestrial invertebrates on riparian alder foliage and as terrestrial prey subsidies to streams. Community analyses supported these findings revealing that invasive sawflies shifted the community structure of terrestrial invertebrates between seasons and levels of energy flow (riparian foliage, streams and fish). Invasive sawfly biomass peaked mid‐summer, altering the timing and magnitude of terrestrial prey subsidies to streams. Contrary to our hypothesis, invasive sawflies had no effect on the biomass of native taxa on riparian alder foliage, as terrestrial prey subsidies, or in juvenile coho salmon diets. Juvenile coho salmon consumed invasive sawflies when most abundant, but relied more on other prey types selecting against sawflies relative to their availability. Although we did not find effects of invasive sawflies extending to juvenile coho salmon in this study, these results could change as the distribution of invasive sawflies expands or as defoliation intensifies. Nevertheless, riparian defoliation by these invasive sawflies is likely having other ecological effects that merits further investigation.     

半环对撞流干燥的流体动力学特性分析

进行了半环对撞流干燥流动特性的实验与理论研究。实验测定了物料颗粒在环内的运动速度与停留时间沿运动方向的变化,系统压降随载带率的变化等。计算并讨论了不同工况下物料颗粒在环内的运动速度与停留时间的变化规律、颗粒的最大穿透深度与穿透时间及各种因素对流动特性的影响。研究结果表明,对撞区内气固相对速度较大,是强化半环对撞流干燥的有利场所;适当增加环的直径是强化半环对撞流干燥的有效方法;实际干燥过程中存在一合理的气流速度,使其相应的干燥速率最大,干燥的能耗与费用最低。     

猪舍局部环境射流控制喷雾蒸发降温系统

利用局部环境射流控制喷雾蒸发降温系统解决了炎热季节开放型猪舍的降温问题,该系统将气流射流与水雾混合并使其均匀分布于猪栏内,利用水雾散发降低猪栏内局部控制区域环境的温度,初步生产性试验结果表明,该系统的使用有效地降低了猪栏区域内的温度,从而使猪群的生活环境得到改善。     

Timing of migration and changes in age structure of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in the River Frome, a Dorset chalk stream, over a 24-year period

During the last 24 years, the number of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., migrating up the River Frome has varied between < 1000 and > 4000 fish per annum. Most parr become smolts at age 1+ and there are three main sea ages of salmon returning to the river. Each sea age shows a bimodal pattern of migration in the river. Primary migration times for 3-sea-winter (3SW) fish are spring and autumn, with 2SW fish and grilse (1SW) peaking in summer and autumn. Some 28.4% of 3SW and 6.9% of 2SW fish are previous spawners. Multi-sea-winter fish historically passed over the counter in all months of the year, but recently, their numbers have declined, as have total numbers of fish of all ages. There has been a fundamental change in the age structure of the population, with grilse increasing in proportion over the study period. Photographs of fish, taken for validation of the counter, showed a significant decrease in mean length of grilse, but an increase in mean length for 2SW and 3SW fish. Rod catch data support these findings.