Theoretically Investigation of Dynamic Characteristics of Spherical Bubble Collapse in Pulsed Abrasive Water Jet

This paper theoretically investigates the characteristics of cavitating bubbles in the pulsed abrasive water jet(PAWJ) and establishes the dynamic equations of cavitating bubbles. The effects of abrasive diameter and density on the spherical bubble collapse are also analyzed. It is found that the change of abrasive diameter rarely affects the bubble collapse when the abrasive diameter and density are small whereas the smaller abrasive greatly blocks the bubble collapse when the abrasive diameter and density are comparably big. It is also shown that when the abrasive density is increased, the fluid viscosity rises, and the kinetic energy of the abrasives near the collapsed bubble is enhanced and meanwhile the intensity of cavitating erosion is weakened.     

The status of host fish populations and fish species richness in European freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) streams

• 1. The status of host fish populations and fish species richness was investigated at 36 sites of 20 extant freshwater pearl mussel populations, including the drainages of the Elbe, Danube, Rhine, Weser, Aulne, Kemijoki and Tuuloma in Germany, the Czech Republic, France and Finland, by carrying out comparative electrofishings.
• 2. Brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) were found to be the available host fish for pearl mussels in all except one of the streams investigated with mean densities of 2861 ha^?1 (range 0–8710 ha^?1) and a mean biomass of 119 kg ha^?1 (range 0–478 kg ha^?1). Streams that had been frequently stocked with brown trout had higher trout biomass and densities of host fish than natural populations, but trout stocking had no positive effect in two of the streams investigated.
• 3. Fish species richness ranged from 2 to 16 species per stream and showed a negative correlation with host fish biomass and host fish densities. Undisturbed oligotrophic pearl mussel headwater streams usually only yielded a low number of fish species. Habitat degradation can reduce competitiveness of specialized trout and result in an increased abundance of ubiquitous or atypical species.
• 4. A link between the lack of juvenile pearl mussels and a lack of suitable host fish was only rarely observed. Functional pearl mussel populations with relatively high numbers of juveniles had significantly lower densities and biomass of host fish than pearl mussel populations without recent recruitment.
• 5. This study suggests that 0+ host fish are not necessarily required to sustain functional pearl mussel populations. Low densities of host fish can be compensated by the higher glochidia carrying capacity of older host fish with limited previous contact with pearl mussel glochidia, by the long reproductive period of mussels, and by low mortality rates of juvenile mussels during their post‐parasitic phase.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

固定顶油罐泡沫灭火系统的改进方法

针对固定顶油罐现有的3种泡沫灭火系统的缺陷,设计了一种新型泡沫灭火系统。该系统克服了液上泡沫灭火系统容易遭到破坏且效率不高、液下泡沫灭火系统容易污染油液并需要高压泵及半液下泡沫灭火系统不能重复使用和造价较高的不足。系统主要由软管、空心浮子、十字喷嘴和泄压管组成,造价低廉,灭火效率高,使用和维护成本低,性价比高,有较高的推广价值。     

1006号台风“狮子山”引发江淮暴雨的成因分析

2010年9月2日08时至3日08时,安徽江淮地区出现了暴雨、大暴雨。利用常规天气图及安徽加密雨量站等资料对这次暴雨过程进行了仔细分析。结果表明,台风"狮子山"移进福建后,由于大陆高压与西太平洋副热带高压的对峙,致使其西移减缓且长时间停留。在台风低压、副热带高压和西风带低槽的共同作用下,低空、超低空两支东南风急流的生成与维持,为暴雨提供了充沛的水汽和动力条件。暴雨区位于低空、超低空急流的北侧和高空急流及700 hPa切变线的南侧,并与低层辐合、高层辐散及强烈的上升运动区对应。暴雨出现前期,对流参数显示大气层结极不稳定。云图中,台风的螺旋云带十分明显,其北侧有3次MCS的生成与维持。     

单板干燥设备研究进展

通过对大量相关文献进行整理分类,从传热方式角度对单板干燥设备进行分析.分别阐述了喷气式单板干燥机和热压式单板干燥机存在的问题及其改进措施,并对今后单板干燥设备的研发与应用提出建议.     

哈公馆基坑支护与止水的施工工艺研究

对于高层、超高层建筑,基坑支护与止水施工技术措施是否科学、合理,对工程项目自身的质量与进度有重大影响,对工程经济效益提高与人身安全的保证起到关键性作用。文章结合哈公馆工程地质条件,对哈公馆基坑选择高压喷射注浆桩基坑支护与止水帷幕的施工方法,并详细介绍其支护与止水工程的设计施工技术和质量控制措施,取得良好的社会经济效益、技术效益,为解决基坑支护与止水难题提供一定借鉴意义。     

内蒙古通辽市2011年7月15—16日强对流降水过程分析

利用常规气象资料、卫星云图及数值预报产品等资料对2011年7月15—16日内蒙古通辽市出现的一次强对流降水天气过程进行了分析,结果表明,有利的大尺度环流、充沛的水汽条件、高空急流的存在、低空水汽的辐合、强的上升运动及不稳定能量的作用,是激发该次对流降水极为有利的因素。如果能通过对该次降水过程的总结,得出一些经验和指标,并应用于今后的预报工作当中,为今后的强对流降水预报提供参考依据,将会对提高预报准确率起到至关重要的作用。     

Indexes optimization of outburst forecast while a rock cross-cut coal is uncovered by pulsed water jet

To obtain the best outburst prediction index of rock cross-cut coal uncovering slotted by pulsed water jet,the effects of the rigidity coefficient’s measured value and the initial velocity of gas diffusion to the integrative indexes D and K are analyzed based on the dynamic evolution of coal crake field under water jet. Thus the integrative indexes D and K are excluded. A grey relation model of outburst prediction indexes(K1,S and P)from 7 coal mine’ rock cross-cut coal uncovering in Chongqing,Sichuan and Henan is set up. And the grey relation degrees of the 3 prediction indexes to outburst hazard are calculated by using grey relational analysis method. The results show that the outburst hazard can be more accurately reflected by the cuttings desorption index K1 when a cross-cut coal uncovering slotted by pulsed water jet,and it should be considered as the best outburst prediction index.