阜新地区花生地液态膜防风蚀措施研究

阜新地区是我国种植花生的主要示范基地,由于花生收割后,花生地处于裸露状态,地表没有植被覆盖,土壤容易受风力侵蚀使得土壤肥力下降,环境遭破坏。通过对阜新地区花生地液态膜防风蚀试验,结果表明,液态地膜对花生地的防风作用明显,使花生地含水量高于对照。使用液态地膜还利于花生长生,可增加产量。     

Evaluation of relationship between dispersibility of soils and charge characteristics using a modified ion adsorption method; An example of soils from Wakayama Prefecture,Japan

The relationship between the charge characteristics and the dispersibility of soils from reclaimed land (highly dispersive) and adjacent forest area (physically stable) was investigated.

To evaluate the amount of soil charges quantitatively, the measurement based on cation and anion adsorption (ion adsorption method) was attempted in two ways, where special attention was paid to the solution concentration. In the conventional ion adsorption method, the treatments with concentrated solutions (1 mol L^-1) were included in the process. In the modified method, soils were treated with dilute solutions (5 mmol L^-1), in taking account of the soil solution concentration in humid temperate regions. The amount of charges derived from the modified method was smaller than that from the conventional one, especially in the high pH zone. In a preliminary experiment, the extraction of polyvalent cations from soils was found to be significantly affected by the salt concentration. Thus, the use of solutions with an excessively high concentration was considered to result in an error in the estimation of the active charges in soils which would contribute to the dispersion behavior in the field.

The applicability of the modified method for analyzing the dispersion behavior of soils was evaluated by relating the dispersibility of silts and clays at different pHs with the charge characteristics determined under the same ionic strength. The dispersion ratio of silts of the reclaimed land reached maximum values at pH 5.5, above which the ratio decreased, whereas the ratio of clays began to increase in the pH range above 6. The dispersion ratio of silts of the forest area increased in the pH range above 6, whereas that of clays remained constant at a low level in all the pH ranges below 7. The changes in the dispersibility of silt plus clay fractions corresponded to total charge characteristics determined by the modified method. Thus, the evaluation of soil charges by the modified ion adsorption method was considered to be effective to predict soil dispersibility under field conditions, indicating that it could replace electrokinetic analyses such as electrophoresis in studies on the dispersion/flocculation behavior of soils.     

绵羊乳酪蛋白血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽的制备与鉴定

以绵羊乳酪蛋白为原料,采用中性蛋白酶水解制备生物活性肽,研究酶解时间对酶解产物水解度和血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制率的影响,利用液相色谱-质谱联用技术对水解产物进行分析和鉴定,筛选具有潜在ACE抑制作用的生物活性肽.结果表明:酶解时间达到300 min时,水...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料中的二氢吡啶

【目的】二氢吡啶是一种新型的饲料添加剂,具有促进动物生长、提高饲料利用率、改善肉质等功效,目前已在畜牧生产中得到广泛应用。然而,二氢吡啶并不是允许使用的药物饲料添加剂,其在饲料中高水平添加所带来的畜产品中二氢吡啶残留可引起敏感人群严重的低血压反应。央视3.15晚会曝光了部分饲料企业违规使用二氢吡啶、硫酸黏杆菌素、喹乙醇等兽药,引起社会的广泛关注和政府的高度重视,因而亟需建立饲料中二氢吡啶的检测方法,为饲料企业合理用药和政府监管提供必要的技术支撑。【方法】采用UPLC上常用的BEH C₁₈色谱柱,分别使用甲醇-水、乙腈-水、甲醇-0.1%甲酸、乙腈-0.1%甲酸作为流动相,优化了不同组成和比例流动相对色谱分离和质谱电离的影响。在正离子模式下进行母离子扫描,确定准分子离子,优化仪器毛细管电压、锥孔电压、雾化气流速等参数;然后进行子离子扫描,优化碰撞能量、驻留时间等参数,以确定丰度较高的两个子离子作为定性离子,并选择其中丰度最高的作为定量离子。比较甲醇、乙腈等不同溶剂对提取效率的影响,以及C₁₈、HLB、MCX和碱性氧化铝等固相萃取柱（SPE）对净化效果的影响,确定较优的样品前处理方法。【结果】优化确定了较佳的前处理方法：采用乙腈超声提取,提取液在60℃下氮气吹干,残余物用乙腈﹕水（1﹕9,v/v）复溶,过HLB固相萃取柱净化,用乙腈﹕水（9﹕1,v/v）洗脱,洗脱液过0.22 μm有机滤膜后上超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪（UPLC-MS/MS）测定。采用电喷雾离子源,在多反应监测（MRM）模式下,二氢吡啶的[M+H]⁺为m/z 254,失去乙氧基（CH₃-CH₂-O⁺,46 Da）后产生主要的碎片离子m/z 208,m/z 208脱掉羰基（C=O,28 Da）产生碎片离子m/z 180,m/z 180进一步脱去乙酯基（CO-O-CH₂-CH₃,73 Da）后得到碎片离子m/z 108,因此本研究以离子对m/z 254＞208为定量离子,m/z 254＞180为定性离子。以0.1%的甲酸水-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在10 min内完成了二氢吡啶的分离,且峰形尖锐,灵敏度高。二氢吡啶在0-500 μg·L^-1浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系（R² ≥ 0.9992）,根据20个空白样品的基线噪音,取其平均值,以信噪比（S/N）=3为检出限（LOD）,S/N=10为定量限（LOQ）,二氢吡啶的LOD、LOQ分别为10和50μg·kg ^-1。在10、50和100 μg·kg ^-1三个添加水平下,二氢吡啶的平均回收率为82.6%-101.0%,日内变异系数为0.8%-6.7%,日间变异系数为4.7%-9.2%。【结论】该方法操作简便、快速、稳定,适用于饲料中二氢吡啶的日常监测。     

高效液相色谱法测定花生仁中甲咪唑烟酸残留

目前花生仁中甲咪唑烟酸残留量的检测是参考国标中茶叶农残的方法,花生仁基质含有大量的油脂和蛋白质,这与茶叶基质有显著区别,且该方法只能定性。本文建立了一种高效液相色谱法定量检测花生仁中甲咪唑烟酸残留量的方法。花生仁样品采用乙腈溶液提取后再经过除脂净化处理,以乙腈:0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(加入0.1%的三乙胺,磷酸调pH3.0)体积比1:3作为流动相进行高效液相色谱紫外检测器分析。结果表明:甲咪唑烟酸标准在0~1.2mg/L范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9999),检出限为7μg/kg;加标回收率为91.1%~98.9%;精密度、重复性、稳定性都较好。该方法操作简便、分离度好、结果准确,能很好地满足花生仁中甲咪唑烟酸残留量检测的要求。     

Study on Quality Standards of Children Antipyretic Lotion

[Objectives]To establish suitable quality standards of children antipyretic lotion.[Methods]Qualitative identification was performed for Paederia scandens and A...     

新疆一枝蒿口服液的制备工艺优化研究

为了探究新疆一枝蒿口服液的最佳制备工艺,采用水提醇沉法提取新疆一枝蒿中的总黄酮,经单因素、响应面试验获取最佳的制备工艺参数,并通过薄层层析与含量限度测定对新疆一枝蒿口服液建立初步的质量控制。结果表明：新疆一枝蒿最佳制备工艺为料液比1:14,煎煮时间为1.5 h,醇沉浓度为50%。供试品色谱中,在与对照品色谱相应的位置上,显相同颜色的斑点,含量限度测定黄酮含量范围在28.67～29.59 mg/mL,平均值为29.10 mg/mL,最低限度为23.28 mg/mL。     

Preparation of Denitrifying Phosphorus Accumulating Bacterial Seed Liquid and Analysis of Phosphorus Removal Mechanism

In order to control the water eutrophication, microorganism agents with high capability of denitrifying phosphorus accumulation are required. A denitrifying poly-phosphate accumulating organisms(DNPAOS), B8(Pseudomonas putida sp.)was isolated from activated sludge in oxidation ditch of Anhui Tianchang wastewater treatment plant. Intracellular polyphosphate granule(Poly-P)dyeing method was used to optimize the culture conditions of Poly-P-producing Pseudomonas putida strain B8 seed liquid. The results showed that the appropriate culture conditions were as follow: pH value and temperature ranged from 6.5 to 7.0 and 30~32 ℃m respectively. The saturation values of dissolved oxygen varied from 70% to 88%(when velocity was in range of 120~140 r/min), 15~20 h proved to be the cultivation time. The seed liquid produced by B8 showed high phosphorus uptake rate in the processes of anaerobic-anoxic and anaerobic-aerobic in wastewater(89.73% and 94.09% respectively)In the anaerobic-anoxic process, the highest nitrate removal efficiency was 53.48%. Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)extracting method and analysis of phosphorus removal characterization revealed that phosphorus removal was mainly caused by intracellular uptake, rather than by extracellular biological adsorption.     

早期断奶仔猪袋装流质饲料蒸煮加工参数研究

用L9(34)正交设计方法研究常压蒸煮条件下加热时间、粉碎粒度、料水比和浸泡时间4个不同试验因素水平对淀粉糊化度、蛋白质溶解度和脲酶活性的影响,旨在获得能在实际生产中应用的早期断奶仔猪袋装流质饲料加工参数。结果表明:将玉米、大米和大豆按本试验方法处理后放入90℃的蒸煮箱内在常压下进行蒸煮可使淀粉充分得到糊化并能有效地破坏大豆中的抗营养因子,此条件下早期断奶仔猪袋装流质饲料的适宜蒸煮加工参数为:筛孔直径0.6~1.0 mm,料水比为1∶2~1∶3,浸泡时间为40 min,蒸煮时间为30~40 min。     

新型液体缓控释制剂在国内的研究进展

液体控释给药系统属多相复合体系,是一种新型药物传递系统。但由于其在贮存中存在着不稳定性,阻碍了许多产品的上市。以立足于新型辅料的应用来解决上述问题为基础,着重介绍了药用级离子交换树脂在控释给药系统中的应用。