"3S"技术在森林资源二类调查中的应用前景

通过“3S”技术和传统方法在森林资源二类调查中的应用的比较,“3S”技术在工作量、费用、精度等方面均优于传统技术,在实践中值得推广。     

An inventory of Guadua (Guadua angustifolia) bamboo in the Coffee Region of Colombia

Management of renewable natural resources and the corresponding policy formulation should be founded on reliable data and information. This refers both to information on the resource itself and to information on the market situation. In this paper, we present methodology and major results of an inventory of the Guadua resources, in a study area of about 1 million ha within the Coffee Region of Colombia. This inventory produced for the first time sample-based statistical estimations of the Guadua area and growing stock. In the study area, land cover of Guadua patches was estimated to be 3.9% or about 40,000 ha (minimum patch area 0.3 ha). This is higher than figures published earlier. Estimation for mean number of standing culms (including shoots and dry culms) per hectare was 6,940 with a mean diameter at breast height of 10.8 cm, apparent commercial volume of 654 m3/ha, commercial wood volume of 304 m3/ha, oven-dry biomass of 311 ton/ha, and total carbon stock of 156 ton/ha. While the low-intensity sampling approach worked well and may serve as an example for similar studies, we identified a number of issues for further research, particularly in what refers to as the basic mensurational models for Guadua volume and biomass estimation from inventories.     

方正智绘Mirage GIS在资源调查上的二次开发

论述了方正智绘Mirage GIS在森林资源调查中的二次开发,详细介绍了方正智绘MirageGIS进行二次开发的对象模型,方法,并在Visual Basic开发环境下进行具体实例的开发应用。     

基于供应链的企业库存成因及优化控制研究

基于企业全面库存管理思想,对库存成本、库存控制、库存系统优化等管理经验与前人研究成果进行分析,借鉴先进企业的库存管理理念和方法,以大型制造企业为核心研究对象,在集供应商、制造商、经销商为一体的供应链作为研究框架的基础上,运用供应链系统理论作为研究方法,分析了库存管理现状、影响因素及产生原因,从优化生产管理、整合企业内部供应链和跨企业供应链的角度提出库存控制的相应对策,以实现全面的库存优化,从而提高企业的经营效益。     

我国橡胶林碳汇贸易潜力的实证分析

依据气候减缓项目选择可贸易的碳库,利用森林蓄积量扩展法,计算了2008年和2011年橡胶林碳汇量,进而以2011年为基期,测算了2015年我国橡胶林的碳汇贸易潜力。计算结果表明,到2015年,我国橡胶林碳汇贸易潜力为248.61万t,占现有碳储量的10.62%,碳汇量年均增长速度呈下降趋势,显示出我国橡胶林碳汇贸易潜力的后劲不足。最后提出了依靠内涵式增长途径来提升碳汇潜力的几点建议。     

基于清查数据的立地质量评价方法准确性分析

立地质量的准确评价是森林科学经营的前提,本研究采用四川省第九次森林资源清查数据,筛选符合建模要求的样本,建立树高和蓄积量生长模型,运用单因素方差分析方法对不同因子间基准年龄时林分蓄积量进行分析,并比较不同立地质量评价方法的准确性。结果表明：建立的林分树高和蓄积生长曲线簇能反映不同条件下林分生长差异;海拔、坡度、土壤类型、砾石含量和植被类型会极显著影响立地质量;立地质量评价方法准确性地位级指数优于多元地位指数和森林类型指数,多元地位指数与森林类型指数评价准确性无显著性差异。     

基于二类调查数据的延庆县森林资源生态效益分析

以北京市延庆县为研究对象,利用1999年和2004年两期森林资源二类调查数据,对区域内的森林资源在水源涵养、土壤保育、固碳效益和空气净化等方面的生态效益进行了实物量计算及时空动态分析。结果显示:1999—2004年延庆县森林资源生态效益明显,且有大规模的提升,减少地表径流量、减少土壤侵蚀量、生物量、二氧化硫吸收量和粉尘抑制量增幅分别达到24.11%,19.37%,10.06%,30.77%和33.79%;空间分布更加均衡,作用范围进一步扩大。     

Transect relascope sampling for assessing coarse woody debris: The case of a π/2 relascope angle

In transect relascope sampling, a wide‐angle relascope is used along survey lines for selecting a sample of objects that extend linearly in the plane, e.g. downed logs. The method is closely related to line intersect (intercept) sampling. In this article, a special case of the transect relascope technique is studied. Using a π/2 radian relascope angle, the method becomes invariant to the orientation of the line objects in the population. The reason is that the area of inclusion around objects, through which a survey line should pass for an object to be included, turns out to be circular. In analytical studies and Monte Carlo simulations, the cost‐efficiency of transect relascope and line intersect sampling is evaluated. It is found that transect relascope sampling is a competitive alternative to line intersect sampling in inventories of the total volume of coarse woody debris (in the form of downed logs) in forest compartments.     

高精度保证下的浙江省森林植被生物量评估

为准确评估浙江省森林植被生物量,以2009年浙江省森林资源连续清查第一手野外调查数据为数据源,以样地为评估基本单元,采用单株生物量模型法(乔木,毛竹Phyllostachys edulis,杂竹,下木和灌木),单位面积生物量模型法(草本)和单位面积生物量法(矮化乔木林、灌木经济林),测算了样地水平的森林植被生物量.在此基础上,运用系统抽样统计方法,将样地水平微观数据转换到全省宏观尺度,评估了全省总体的森林植被生物量,提供了主要评估结果的估计精度和估计区间.结果显示:2009年,浙江省森林植被总生物量为37 010.732×104t.主要森林植被类型中,乔木林群落为29 096.269×104t,竹林群落3 762.964×104t,灌木林群落1 747.953×104t.在P＜0.05的可靠性保证下,森林植被总生物量估计精度为96.64％,估计区间为35 767.171×104～38 254.293×104t;乔木林群落9558％,估计区间为27 810.214×104～30 382324×1 04t;竹林群落89.13％,估计区间为3 353.930×104～4 171.998×104t;灌木林群落90.00％,估计区间为1 573.158×104～1 922.748×104t.可见,采用以上方法测算的浙江省各类森林植被生物量评估结果,均有很高的精度保证和较好可信度.